介孔铝酸镍尖晶石纳米粉的合成与表征

利用三嵌段共聚物F127作为表面活性剂,以氯化镍与氯化铝为无机物,采用蒸发诱导自组装的方法制备了介孔铝酸镍尖晶石纳米粉.通过XRD、氮气吸附-脱附以及TEM对铝酸镍样品的结构、比表面积、孔径和形貌进行了表征,表明样品为尖晶石型结构,孔径在介孔范围,同时650℃焙烧的铝酸镍尖晶石粉样品比表面积最大,比表面积为90.1 m2·g-1.     

蒸发诱导自组装法合成介孔铝酸镁尖晶石纳米粉

以氯化镁和氯化铝为原料,利用三嵌段共聚物F127作为络合剂,通过蒸发诱导自组装的方法合成了具有介孔结构的铝酸镁尖晶石粉体。采用XRD、TEM、氮气吸附脱附对铝酸镁样品进行了表征,表明样品为尖晶石型结构,同时700℃焙烧的铝酸镁尖晶石粉样品比表面积最大,比表面积为86.7m2.g-1。     

蒸发诱导自组装法合成介孔铝酸钴尖晶石

采用嵌段聚合物F127为表面活性剂,以硝酸铝和硝酸钴为无机先驱物,通过蒸发诱导自组装的方法合成了介孔结构的铝酸钴尖晶石。X射线衍射（XRD）表明样品具有单一的尖晶石型结构。利用氮气吸附-脱附比表面测定仪测得不同焙烧温度样品的比表面积和孔径,发现650 ℃焙烧的样品比表面积最大,为89.1 m2/g,孔径为 8.7 nm。通过紫外-可见光谱测定表明介孔铝酸钴样品为明亮的蓝色,在545、585、625 nm处有3重吸收峰。     

多孔片状镁铝尖晶石的制备

在催化剂载体和吸附等领域,具有介孔结构的片状镁铝尖晶石因比表面积大、活性位点丰富、不易团聚等特性,受到越来越多的关注。以铝丝为铝源、镁粉为镁源、无水乙醇为溶剂,Na2Mo O4为熔盐,采用熔盐辅助非水解溶胶–凝胶法制备多孔片状镁铝尖晶石。借助X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜等测试手段研究了热处理温度及保温时间对镁铝尖晶石合成与形貌的影响,运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察片状晶体的微观结构,采用氮气吸附脱附测试对样品的比表面积和孔径进行了表征。结果表明：热处理温度和保温时间均对镁铝尖晶石形貌有较大影响。优选热处理温度为900℃,保温时间为8 h,可制备出具有介孔结构的片状镁铝尖晶石,片的长度为140～160 nm。所制得样品的比表面积为76 m2/g。TEM和氮气吸附脱附曲线测试结果表明,样品存在明显的介孔结构。为制备多孔片状镁铝尖晶石提供了一种新思路。     

有序介孔La_2Zr_2O_7的制备与表征

以F127作为模板剂,通过溶剂蒸发诱导自组装法合成了具有有序孔结构、孔径分布均匀的介孔锆酸镧,系统研究了不同煅烧温度处理后介孔锆酸镧的相组成、比表面积、孔径及其分布以及微观结构。结果表明,经800℃处理后,样品开始晶化,完全晶化的样品中仅含锆酸镧相。经600℃煅烧后样品的比表面积为136 m2/g,孔体积为0.14 cm3/g,800℃煅烧后比表面积仍达90 m2/g,显示出较好的热稳定性。随着煅烧温度进一步升高,样品的比表面积和孔体积急剧减小,表明该方法制备的介孔锆酸镧最高耐热温度为800℃。透射电子显微镜观察发现,400℃去除模板后,样品具有有序介孔结构,预期其具有较好的催化性能。     

高稳定性介孔分子筛的合成与表征

以天然黏土和硅酸钠为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,水热法合成了有序性好的高稳定性介孔分子筛.用粉末X射线衍射、透射电镜、Fourier变换红外光谱和比表面积孔径分析等方法对所合成的介孔分子筛进行了表征.结果表明:所合成的介孔分子筛的比表面积大于550m2/g,平均孔径为2.72nm.样品经850℃焙烧3 h,100℃水热处理10 d,介孔分子筛的介孔结构没有被破坏,并且热处理使孔发生收缩,比表面积减小,水热处理使介孔的有序性变得更好,天然黏土为原料提高了介孔分子筛的水热稳定性.     

含锆介孔分子筛的微波合成与表征(英文)

在微波辐射条件下,以硅酸钠和硫酸锆为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂合成含锆介孔分子筛(zirconium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves,Zr-MCM-41).用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱,透射电子显微镜、等离子发射光谱和比表面积孔径测定等测试手段表征经550℃焙烧后样品,同时研究锆添加量与分子筛比表面积及孔体积之间的关系.结果表明:利用微波技术合成Zr-MCM-41介孔分子筛,操作便利,节能省时,所得产物具有典型的MCM-41介孔分子筛结构,其比表面积为598.1～971.4m2/g,平均孔径大约为2.46～3A3nm.随着介孔分子筛中锆含量的增加,介孔分子筛的比表面积、孔体积变小,介孔有序性变差.     

汽蒸温度对MTP催化剂酸性质及孔结构的影响

采用XRD、NH3-TPD、比表面积和孔结构测定等手段,研究了在不同温度下用水蒸气处理时,MTP催化剂酸性质及孔结构的变化规律。结果表明,随着处理温度的提高,ZSM-5的结构未发生明显的变化;样品的总酸量下降很快,但弱酸分布量相对提高,而强酸分布量相对下降。提高处理温度,样品的BET比表面积、外比表面积和平均孔径减小,而微孔面积、介孔面积、微孔体积和介孔体积有增大的趋势。     

含钴介孔分子筛的微波合成及其稳定性

以硅酸钠和氯化钴为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,采用微波辐照法合成4种不同钴含量的含钴介孔分子筛(cobalt-containingmesoponaus molecular sieves,Co-MCM-41).用x射线粉末衍射仪、Fourier变换红外分析、程序升温还原分析、透射电子显微镜、比表面积和孔径测定仪等表征样品的物理化学性能,并研究了合成的Co-MCM--41的稳定性.结果表明t在摩尔比n(SiO2):n(CoO)-1.0:0.05～1.0:0.2的范围内都可以合成出有序性好的Co-MCM--41.随着Co添加量的增加,Co-MCM-41的比表面积减小,但孔径略有增加,所合成的Co-MCM--41经750℃焙烧3h后仍然具有介孔结构;但是,850℃焙烧3 h后,其介孔结构被破坏;100℃水热处理5 d后,Co-MCM--41仍然具有介孔结构,样品的比表面积降低很多,并且呈现出虫蛀状介孔结构.     

回流法制备TiO_2微球及其结构和催化性能研究

采用回流法制备了介孔TiO2微球催化剂,利用XRD、FE-SEM、BET等方法对所制备的催化剂进行了表征,并与溶剂热法制备的样品进行比较,研究不同制备方法对TiO2结构、形貌及催化性能的影响。结果表明,回流法制备的样品为锐钛矿单相微球,晶粒间堆积形成介孔结构,比表面积大;而溶剂热法制备的介孔样品含金红石和锐钛矿两相。以EtOH/HCl为回流溶剂制备的样品孔径约为5 nm,孔径分布窄,比表面积可达496 m2/g,光催化去除Cr（Ⅵ）反应速率快,去除率达到99%。     

具有固定硅铝比的Al2O3-2SiO2纳米颗粒制备:过程优化与粉体转化（英文）

Attempts had been made to synthesize Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders by sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) and aluminum nitrate(ANN) as the starting materials.DTS,TEM,SEM and BET were employed to study the effects of process parameters on the size,specific surface area and structure(morphology) of powders.The alkali-activation reactivity of the powders was tested for manufacturing geopolymers and their hydrothermal reactions were performed for fabricating zeolites.The results show that the optimum process parameters and drying method for preparing Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders are as follows:the molar ratio of water and ethanol to TEOS are 0:1 and 12:1 respectively at synthetic temperature of 50 ℃ and the drying method is azeotropic distillation with microwave drying.The average particle diameters of the powders were about 70 nm and the largest BET specific surface area was up to 669 m2·g·1.The compressive strength of the geopolymer and the calcium exchange capacity(by CaCO3) of NaA zeolite prepared with the powders reached to 29 MPa and 366 mg·g·1 respectively.     

可见光响应的Bi-TiO_2的制备及其对间苯二酚的降解作用

以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸铋为原料,采用水热法制备铋掺杂TiO2光催化剂（Bi-TiO2）。所得材料用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线能谱、X射线荧光光谱、UV–Vis漫反射等测试手段分析。结果显示水热法可以直接合成锐钛型纳米TiO2。铋在TiO2中的掺杂方式为Bi3＋替位取代TiO2中Ti4＋。样品具有较大的比表面积,其最大达31.2 m2/g。铋掺杂能引起TiO2光催化剂的吸收光谱明显红移,从而具备较好的可见光响应性。以降解间苯二酚为探针反应研究其可见光催化性能,纯TiO2光催化活性极低,而Bi-TiO2具有较高的可见光催化性能,当铋掺杂量为1.00%时光催化性能最佳。UV–Vis光谱和高效液相色谱显示间苯二酚在70W金卤灯下反应120min能完全分解。     

Nanocrystalline α-Al2O3 Using Sucrose

Nanocrystalline α-Al₂O₃ ceramic powders have been prepared from an aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate and sucrose. Soluble Al ion-sucrose solution forms the precursor material once it is completely dehydrated. Heat treatment of the dehydrated precursors at low temperature (600°C) results in the formation of porous single-phase α-Al₂O₃. The precursor and heat-treated powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface area analysis. The phase-pure nanocrystalline α-Al₂O₃ particles had an average specific surface area of >190 m²/g, with an average pore size between 18 and 25 nm.     

Oxygen-Enhanced Crystallization of Solution-Derived 12CaO·7Al2O3

12CaO·7Al₂O₃ (C12A7) composed of nanosize cage structure can clathrate oxygen radicals (O⁻) and has a high potential to application of strong oxidizing catalysis. In the present report, we demonstrate a fabrication route to C12A7 fine powders by Chemical Solution Deposition method in order to enhance the catalytic reactivity. Aluminum sec-butoxide, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, acetylacetone, 2-methoxyethanol, and nitric acid were used as raw materials. Precursor solution was dried and annealed at 800°–900°C in air or O₂ atmosphere. Crystalline C12A7 powders were obtained by annealing at 900°C in O₂ atmosphere. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images of the obtained powders revealed C12A7 particles were sintered and formed several micrometer particles with many pores. BET specific surface area of the powders was 4.2 m²/g. Possibility for synthesizing C12A7 powder with higher specific surface area by the solution process was indicated.     

Synthesis of mesoporous nanocrystalline MgAl2O4 spinel via surfactant assisted precipitation route

In this research, mesoporous nanocrystalline MgAl₂O₄ spinel powders were synthesized with a facile synthesis method by co-precipitation route using CTAB as surfactant. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope. The effects of surfactant to metal molar ratio on the structural properties of the samples were investigated. The obtained results showed that the sample prepared without addition of surfactant presented a lower specific surface area and bigger crystallite size compared with those obtained for the samples prepared by CTAB/metal molar ratio of 0.3. The results showed that the sample prepared by CTAB/metal molar ratio of 0.3 has the highest specific surface area and the smallest crystallite size. Moreover, the CTAB/metal molar ratio higher than 0.3 led to a decrease in the specific surface area, due to destruction of the pore walls.     

Preparation and characterization of CuFe2O4 bulk catalysts

This work is devoted to the investigation of the influence of the preparation process on the physical-chemical properties of a copper spinel applied as catalyst for hydrocarbon (HC) oxidation. Samples of CuFe₂O₄ mixed oxide belonging to the inverted spinel type structure have been obtained by high temperature solid state reaction and by wet chemical synthesis methods, applying nitrate and citrate precursor procedures, within the thermal range from 150 to 700 °C.The bulk catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Propane combustion was performed as a reaction test.In this work it is demonstrated that the calcination temperature and chemical synthesis affect the crystal properties and cation distribution in the spinel structure, microstructure, surface area and reducibility; which are among the most relevant physical chemical properties for the catalytic activity. The materials obtained by wet chemical procedure, through nitrate and citrate routes, are better suited for propane combustion. This feature is assigned to the microstructure, to the presence of nanometric size particles and also to the cation distributions in the spinel sublattices of these materials.     

Maghemite, γ-Fe2O3, nanoparticles preparation via carbon-templated solution combustion synthesis

High surface area maghemite, γ-Fe₂O₃, nanoparticles were prepared via carbon-templated solution combustion synthesis, which is a two-step approach. Step one involves the combustion synthesis of maghemite nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix, by using a fuel rich reaction mixture of triethylenetetramine and iron nitrate. Step two consists of residual carbon removal by treating the previously-obtained composite precursor with hydrogen peroxide, which releases the maghemite nanopowder. This approach avoids carbon removal by thermal treatment, thus preserving the nanometric size of maghemite nanoparticles (8–12?nm), yielding a high specific surface area of 191.9?m²/g. At the same time, the final maghemite nanoparticles presented a superparamagnetic behavior and a saturation magnetization of 26.2?emu/g, in relation to the small particle size.     

FTIR study of aqueous nitrate reduction over Pd/TiO2

The interactions between Pd/TiO₂ catalyst and the reactants and potential reaction intermediates present during aqueous nitrate reduction, including NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻ and NO in the presence of H₂ and H₂O were studied by infrared spectroscopy. Adsorbed forms of NO, nitrite and nitrate could all be detected in the presence of water. In the presence of water/H₂, nitrate was the most stable surface species followed by nitrite and then highly reactive NO, suggesting that the reduction of nitrate to nitrite is the rate-limiting step. High concentrations of adsorbed nitrite appear to be linked to the detection of gaseous N₂O while the formation of ammonia is related to reactions on the Pd surface and the extent of formation is linked to high levels of adsorbed NO in addition to the surface hydrogen availability and the presence of water.     

Direct synthesis of CeO2/SiO2 mesostructured composite materials via sol–gel process

A series of CeO₂/SiO₂ mesostructured composite materials was synthesized by sol–gel process using Pluronic P123 as template, tetraethylorthosilicate as silica source and hexahydrated cerium nitrate as precursor under acid condition. The as-synthesized materials with Ce/Si molar ratio ranging from 0.03 to 0.3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and N₂ adsorption. Characterization revealed that all samples possess ordered hexagonal mesoporous structure similar to SBA-15 and possess high surface area, large pore volume and uniform pore size. The fact that cerium species are present as highly dispersed CeO₂ nanocrystals in hexagonal matrix was confirmed by XRD combined with high-resolution TEM and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis. Introduction of ceria to silica matrix can cause a distortion of hexagonal ordering structure and decrease pore diameter and increase the wall thickness of mesopores. Moreover, it can be found that this sol–gel route is a feasible, effective and simple method for templating synthesis of CeO₂/SiO₂ composite materials.