HRT对A/O型序批式MBR处理印染废水的影响

采用A/O型序批式MBR(生物膜反应器)工艺处理某印染厂的模拟生产废水,考察MBR工艺中HRT(水力停留时间)对污染物去除效果、污泥性质及膜通量的影响.试验结果表明,在不同HRT时,A/O型序批式MBR工艺处理印染废水出水水质良好且稳定,出水总COD和色度的去除率均在95%以上;氨氮去除率随HRT的延长呈先升后降的趋势,且在HRT为24 h时达到最大值(96.4%);反应器内活性污泥体积指数(SVI)均在50～70 mL/gMLSS范围内,沉降性能良好;膜通量随HRT的延长而提高.综合考虑,A/O型序批式MBR处理模拟印染废水的最佳HRT为24 h.     

PDMDAAC—MBBR组合工艺处理印染废水

采用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)-移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)组合工艺处理印染废水,考察了填料填充比例、水力停留时间(HRT)、PDMDAAC投加量、进水COD和NH3-N浓度对反应器处理效果的影响.结果表明,在填料填充比例为60%(体积比),单级反应器水力停留时间为24 h,PDMDAAC投加量为0.8 g/L的条件下,组合工艺对色度、COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达到97%、92%和90%.出水CODCr和NH3-N平均浓度分别低于50 mg/L和15 mg/L,达到了GB 4287-1992<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>的一级排放标准.     

厌氧接触-膜生物反应器处理白酒黄水的研究

对发酵培养菌丝体后的黄水利用厌氧接触-膜生物反应器工艺进行了试验研究.结果表明,进水CODCr浓度为10.03g/L～14.36g/L时,厌氧接触池对废水CODCr的去除率为53.5%～69.6%;厌氧反应停留时间14h～16h较为合适.溶氧控制在2.0mg/L～3.5mg/L,MBR对CODCr去除率在91.4%以上,出水CODCr210.65mg/L～277.89mg/L,NH3-N去除率37.3%～54.2%;MBR对CODCrNH3-N的去除率随污泥浓度的增大先增加后减少,合适的MLSS值应控制在8g/L～10g/L.     

IC反应器-曝气生物滤池处理蔗渣堆场喷淋废水

IC反应器-曝气生物滤池是高效的厌氧-好氧反应器,利用其处理废水的结果表明:蔗渣堆场喷淋废水首先经过IC反应器处理,水力停留时间(HRT)4～5h,CODCr容积负荷15～25 kg/(m3·d),产气率达到去除每千克CODCr产沼气0.42m3,CODCr去除率86%,BOD5去除率90%;经曝气生物滤池处理,当CODCr容积负荷为6 kg/(m3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)2.5 h时,CODCr、BOD5的出水浓度分别为159mg/L、38 mg/L.     

食品工业废水处理中混合液悬浮固体浓度对膜生物反应器效率的影响研究

研究了在处理食品工业废水时,混合液悬浮固体的浓度(MLSS)对正在运行的膜生物反应器的影响。膜生物反应器主要由活性污泥和中空纤维微滤膜组成。两个实验过程分别在低MLSS浓度和高MLSS浓度情况下进行。由悬浮固体(99.95%)、浊度(NTU)(99.34%)和CODcr(95.4%)的去除率可知,低MLSS浓度的实验过程达到了更高的处理效果。用MBR处理食品工业废水,出水水质稳定。     

膜生物反应器处理造纸废水的中试研究

采用中试规模的膜生物反应器（MBR）系统对某造纸厂的造纸废水进行了处理,研究TMBR处理造纸废水的效果,并与造纸厂原有污水处理系统进行了对比。实验结果表明,在同样的进水条件下．MBR出水水质明显好于原有系统二沉池出水水质。在污泥浓度（MLSS）9000mg／L、水力停留时间22h的条件下,MBR出水CODCr平均66．4mg／L、CODCr去除率达94．6％。     

PDMDAAC-MBBR组合工艺处理印染废水试验研究

采用PDMDAAC-MBBR(聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-移动床生物膜反应器)组合工艺处理印染废水,并考察了填料填充比例、水力停留时间(HRT)、PDMDAAC用量、进水CODCr和NH3-N质量浓度对反应器处理效果的影响.结果表明:在填料填充比例为60%(体积比),单级反应器水力停留时间为24 h,PDMDAAC用量为0.8 g/L条件下,反应器运行稳定且处理效果好,组合工艺对色度、CODCr和NH3-N的去除效果较好,去除率分别达到97%、91.4%和90%.出水CODCr和NH3-N平均质量浓度分别低于50 mg/L和15 mg/L,均达到了<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>(GB 4287-1992)的一级排放标准.     

移动床生物膜反应器在印染废水处理中的应用

采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理印染废水二级出水;分析了填料、溶解氧、有机负荷、水力停留时间、温度和pH值等因素对MBBR的影响.试验结果表明,在进水COD为300～600mg/L,曝气量0.55m3/h,水力停留时间(HRT)为1.5d条件下,MBBR处理后的COD和色度的去除率分别达85%和90%,出水达到GB 4287-1992一级排放标准.     

印染前处理废水的MBR处理

先以钢铁厂废酸对印染前处理废水进行简单预处理,再利用膜生物反应器(MBR)进一步处理,可使废水水质大为改善,减轻后续处理负荷.在近100天的试验运行过程中,得出了MBR的最佳操作参数为:T=25℃、HRT=18 h、MLSS=8 g/L、DO=2.8 mg/L、pH=7.5～8.5.在最佳工艺条件下,废水中的SS几乎完全得以去除,色度可去除30%左右,NH3-N和COD去除率均可达72%左右.     

啤酒废水厌氧处理系统的改造

对EGSB系统进行问题分析，并实施改进措施。运行结果表明，可有效提高厌氧系统的处理能力和运行稳定性，出水COD下降至180-320mg／L，去除率稳定在90％以上；采用25g／L左右的厌氧颗粒污泥接种反应器，可在短时间内完成EGSB反应器的再次启动；控制反应器内pH值稳定在6．8～7．2之间，可增加EGSB反应器的运行能力，提高稳定性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.