内燃机活塞环组环面压力与漏气的分析

在内燃机负荷、输出功率不断提升的背景下,对汽车内燃机排放也提出了更加严格的要求。而内燃机漏气量改善是汽车内燃机质量提升的关键影响因素。因此本文以内燃机活塞环组环面运动原理为入手点,对内燃机活塞环组环面压力计算方法进行了简单的分析。并参考相关文献资料,对内燃机活塞环组环面压力与漏气量之间的联系进行了进一步探究。     

内燃机连杆结构优化设计研究

内燃机连杆结构较为复杂,在工作过程中易受交变负荷的影响,提升解燃机连杆工作可靠性,可有效避免诸多不确定因素的影响。在计算机技术支持下,逐步优化了内燃机零部件结构设计,进一步提升了内燃机连杆始终处于合理强度和刚度下。基于此,本文就内燃机连杆运动和载荷进行分析,重点研究了连杆优化设计,对内燃机连杆组成、优化设计等内容进行探讨,旨在不断提高内燃机的运行性能。     

汽车内燃机活塞的表面防护与耐磨性能

随着国内汽车制造技术的提升,制造成本下降,汽车销售价格的降低,现阶段,一二线城市汽车购买力还在不断提高,与此同时,对汽车内燃机性能要求更严格。活塞是汽车内燃机的关键零部件,因为要承受活塞往复运动中的交变的机械负荷和热负荷,工作环境复杂。提高汽车内燃机活塞表面防护及耐磨性能就能提汽车发动机寿命。本文将对汽车内燃机活塞的表面防护与耐磨性能分析讨论,提高汽车内燃机活塞的表面防护与耐磨性能。     

压缩空气/燃油混合动力发动机工作特性的数值模拟

以一种四行程压缩空气/燃油混合动力发动机为研究对象,应用热力学理论建立了它的两种工作模式———四行程压缩空气动力模式和内燃机模式的数学模型,并对两种工作模式的工作特性进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,转速在低于1500r/min时,四行程压缩空气动力模式具有良好的经济性和动力性能;转速在1500～3500r/min范围内时,内燃机模式具有良好的经济性和动力性能。故知,四行程压缩空气动力模式适宜在低速、低负荷时运行,而内燃机模式适宜在高速、大负荷时运行。     

气门热处理变形的控制

气门是内燃机工作过程中密封燃烧室和控制内燃机气体交换的精密零件,是保证内燃机动力性能、可靠性和耐久性的关键部件。进气门主要承受反复冲击的机械负荷,其工作温度在300～400℃,而排气门除承受冲击的机械负荷外,还受到高温氧化性气体的腐蚀以及热应力、锥面热箍应力和燃烧时气体压力等的共同作用,排气门的工作温度达600～800℃,只有具备以下性能才能     

乙醇燃料对内燃机经济性的影响

乙醇燃料能够提高内燃机的热效率,降低碳烟的生成和排放,降低热负荷,降低维护费用,因而能够降低运行成本,提高内燃机的经济性.     

内燃机零部件热负荷研究的现状讨论与展望

在分析受热零部件的热负荷指标的基础上,分条探讨了单一热—结构耦合的几种形式,并以整体传热耦合为基础对数值进行模拟,结合现状对内燃机零部件热负荷的发展趋向做出展望。     

多缸内燃机曲轴轴承三维轴心轨迹的试验研究

以某四行程四缸内燃机为对象,在内燃机试验台架上进行多工况下的内燃机曲轴主轴承三维(即同时包括轴颈在轴承截面中的平面运动和轴线方向运动)轴心轨迹实际测量。轴颈在曲轴轴承中的位置采用电涡流传感器测量并通过后处理计算获得。结果表明,内燃机工作中,曲轴轴承轴颈存在沿轴线方向的运动;实际内燃机曲轴轴承的轴心轨迹为三维空间曲线;一个内燃机工作循环的曲轴轴承轴心轨迹曲线是不封闭曲线;曲轴轴承轴颈沿轴线方向存在较大的移动量,其数值大于轴承径向间隙;随内燃机转速和负荷增加,轴颈的轴向移动量增大;内燃机转速较低时,轴承轴颈的轴向运动在一个内燃机工作循环中的变化规律具有一定的周期性,变化周期数等于内燃机的气缸个数,而高转速情况下没有明显的变化规律性。     

数学建模研究内燃机排放性能及控制问题

出于对以往研究手段不足的考虑,结合BP神经网络优势,针对内燃机稳态排放建立BP神经网络数学分析模型,对排放性能展开研究,发现负荷较大时,内燃机NOX与碳烟排放水平比较高。进一步地,为了降低对大气的污染,提出相应内燃机排放控制建议,本文研究可以为相关人员采取有效措施控制内燃机排放污染提供一定借鉴与参考。     

内燃机活塞裙部-缸套间润滑油输送状况*

活塞裙部-缸套间的润滑油输送情况对内燃机活塞组件摩擦副润滑状态、润滑油消耗、排放和润滑油性能退化等都有重要的影响。结合活塞二阶运动模型、流体润滑模型和润滑油流动模型等,进行不同内燃机工况下活塞裙部-缸套间润滑油输送状况的计算,主要分析活塞向下运动行程中活塞裙部运动后气缸套表面润滑油的滞留量。结果表明,在不同工况下对应行程中润滑油滞留量的变化规律基本相同,不同时刻的润滑油滞留量不相同,活塞上下止点处的润滑油滞留量基本相同。内燃机负荷相同时,随转速增加,进气行程中和膨胀行程中后期的润滑油滞留量减少,膨胀行程前期的润滑油滞留量增加。内燃机转速相同时,膨胀行程前期的润滑油滞留量一般随负荷增加而增加,膨胀行程中后期的润滑油滞留量基本不随负荷变化,不同转速下进气行程中润滑油滞留量随负荷的变化规律不一致。     

Cycle resolved no emissions and its relation with combustion chamber pressure in an s.i. engine with fast response no analyzer

A fast response NO analyzer was applied to investigate the relation between cycle-by-cycle NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure. NO emissions were sampled at an isolated exhaust manifold of 4-stroke spark ignition engine to avoid the interference of exhaust gas from other cylinders. The linear correlation analysis was performed with collected data of NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure with respect to the various air-fuel mixture ratios and engine loads. The sampled data sets were obtained during 200 cycles at each operating condition. The results showed that there was a typical pattern in NO emissions from an exhaust port through a cycle. It was possible to set a block of crank angle in which the linear correlation coefficient between NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure was high. As the engine load increased, NO emissions were more dependent on combustion chamber pressure after TDC. It was also analyzed that the correlation between two parameters with respect to air-fuel mixture ratio tended to increase as mixture went leaner. Furthermore, this correlation coefficient for the mixture near the lean limit seemed to be kept high even though combustion was unstable.     

Study of performance and emission characteristics of IC engines by using diesel–water emulsion

Due to the shortage of petroleum products and its increasing cost, efforts are on to develop alternate fuels, especially diesel oil, for partial or full replacement. Also, internal combustion engines generate undesirable emissions during combustion process. The emissions exhausted in to the surroundings pollute the atmosphere and causes several problems. The emissions of concern are: unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of carbon, and oxides of nitrogen (NO_X). Advanced diesel fuel formulations offer significant emission reductions to new and older in-use engines every time the fuel tank is filled. The addition of water to diesel fuel lowers particulate emissions by serving as diluents to the key combustion intermediates that lead to particulate formation. The incorporation of water also reduces NO_X emissions by lowering the peak combustion temperatures through high heat of vaporization. When using water blend diesel, the engine fuel system recognizes the liquid as diesel fuel because the water droplet is encapsulated within a diesel fuel. In this experiment, we have used single cylinder four-stroke engine and the water-blend diesel emulsion is used and the diesel emission test, emulsion emission test, and various gases has been analyzed; smoke meter test is also conducted for various rate of loads. The test results from the engine fuelled with water-blend diesel showed reduction in emissions as compared to that of engine fuelled with conventional diesel. The better emissions in the CI engine using water-blend diesel is due to the incorporation of water which reduces NO_X emissions by lowering the peak combustion temperatures. Water-blend fuel enhances fuel atomization by micro-explosion. The addition of water to diesel fuel lowers particulate emissions by serving as diluents to the key combustion intermediates that lead to particulate formation     

The Friction Behavior of Individual Components of a Spark-Ignition Engine During Warm-Up

The research presented herein fills a void in the published literature through investigation of transient friction contributions by individual internal combustion engine components during simulated engine warm-up. Currently, engine manufacturers design internal combustion engines primarily for use at steady-state operating conditions with little design consideration for transient engine warm-up. Using the motoring torque waveform and cycle-averaged data of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, the present work determined the friction behavior of individual engine component assemblies, including the valve train, pistons and connecting rods, oil pump, and crankshaft of a modern internal combustion engine. A common criticism of the standard motoring method is that the engine does not warm up, so lubricant temperature and viscosity does not model that of a fired engine. In the present study, the lubricant and coolant were warmed from 25 to 85°C. Observations were presented as to the effect of engine speed and the temperature of the coolant and lubricant on total engine friction. Contributions of individual engine components to total engine losses were examined, as well as their variation with engine temperature. The added knowledge of the transient effects of engine temperature can help future designers to mitigate friction and component wear, thus improving overall maintenance costs, specific fuel consumption, and emissions.     

Generator voltage stabilisation for series-hybrid electric vehicles

This paper presents a controller for use in speed control of an internal combustion engine for series-hybrid electric vehicle applications. Particular reference is made to the stability of the rectified DC link voltage under load disturbance. In the system under consideration, the primary power source is a four-cylinder normally aspirated gasoline internal combustion engine, which is mechanically coupled to a three-phase permanent magnet AC generator. The generated AC voltage is subsequently rectified to supply a lead-acid battery, and permanent magnet traction motors via three-phase full bridge power electronic inverters. Two complementary performance objectives exist. Firstly to maintain the internal combustion engine at its optimal operating point, and secondly to supply a stable 42 V supply to the traction drive inverters. Achievement of these goals minimises the transient energy storage requirements at the DC link, with a consequent reduction in both weight and cost. These objectives imply constant velocity operation of the internal combustion engine under external load disturbances and changes in both operating conditions and vehicle speed set-points. An electronically operated throttle allows closed loop engine velocity control. System time delays and nonlinearities render closed loop control design extremely problematic. A model-based controller is designed and shown to be effective in controlling the DC link voltage, resulting in the well-conditioned operation of the hybrid vehicle.     

Comparisons of predicted and measured results on performance and emission of engine effected by intake air dilution and supercharging

An experimental study was conducted on a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine to investigate the effects of diluting intake air, with different gases and increasing intake pressure on combustion process and exhaust emissions. The intake O₂ concentration is changed from 15% to 21% by diluting intake air with different gases (CO₂, Ar, N₂), and the intake pressure is changed from one to two bar by a screw compressor. A modified program for calculating heat release rate, is used to study the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions in detail. The main results show that the addition of either CO₂ or Ar to the intake air increases the ignition delay. The variations of ignition delay with CO₂ are much larger than those of ignition delay with Ar for the same O₂ concentration. The emission of NOx decreases with the decrease of O₂ concentration and the smoke level is lower with the addition of the CO₂ than with that of Ar. As the intake pressure is increased, the ignition delay is shortened. Furthermore the high intake air pressure enhances the air-fuel mixing and diffusion combustion, and reduces the premixed combustion, so that NOx emission is decreased without increasing smoke emissions. The addition of CO₂ at high intake pressure, drastically reduces NOx emissions and smoke emission simultaneously at a high load condition, and the addition of CO₂ reduces NOx emissions without affecting the smoke emissions substantially at a low load condition. A zero-dimensional combustion simulation program incorporated with the present heat release correlation and ignition delay correlation is used to predict ignition delay, cylinder pressure and engine power. The results show that the correlations are likely to be adequate for the engine operating under diluted intake air and various intake pressure.     

内燃式水动力系统的满负荷特性

提出了一种直接利用内燃机活塞的直线往复运动实现水压力能输出的新工作模式。实现了内燃机和柱塞式水泵结构的一体化,研制了内燃式水动力系统试验样机。介绍了其工作原理和结构特点。采用计算机仿真的方法, 得到了满负荷条件下的主要工作性能。结果表明,在满负荷条件下,其有效功率、有效热效率及输出压力比内燃机一柱塞式水泵组合系统大约高13％-15％;燃油消耗率大约低15％左右。通过试验,给出了满负荷条件下燃油消耗率、输出压力、输出流量与曲轴工作转速之间的关系曲线,并与仿真结果进行了比较。给出了满负荷条件下, 内燃式水动力系统转速的最佳工作区间。     

The effect of combustion parameters on the nitric oxide emission in direct injection type diesel engine

This paper presents the investigation of influence factors on the output performance and the reduction of exhaust emission in the direct injection type diesel engine. In this work, the analysis of combustion products and combustion characteristics are investigated by numerical method and experiment under the various engine operating conditions. The combusion performance and exhaust emissions are analyzed in terms of the heat release, cylinder pressure and major exhaust emissions of engine. The accuracy of the prediction versus experimental data and the capability of the heat release, cylinder pressure and all the major exhaust emissions are demonstrated. The results of this study show that the combustion parameters have influence on the combustion processes and the nitric oxide emission in the direct injection type diesel engine. The nitric oxide concentration decreases with the increase of engine speed and the advance of injection timing.     

Misfire and compression fault detection through the energy model

This article proposes a simple algorithm for misfire detection in reciprocating engines. The algorithm, based on an energy model of the engine, requires the measurement of the instantaneous angular speed. By processing the engine dynamics in the angular domain, variations in the working parameters of the engine, such as external load and mean angular speed, are compensated. A dimensionless feature has been abstracted for evaluation of the combustion as well as compression process of each cylinder. The proposed technique is expected to be easy to implement and to provide useful information for on-line monitoring of the in-cylinder processes in an internal combustion engine.     

The influence of lubricating oil on deposits formation in a diesel engine under the operation condition of high power density

The requirements of higher power density and stricter regulations on emissions of internal combustion engines lead to lubricating oil's role shifting from simply lubricating to adapting higher power density and to achieving lower emissions. An important factor influencing an engine's power and emissions is the deposits in the engine. Lubricating oil is a chief contributor to deposits formation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of lubricating oil on deposits formation when the engine is operated under high power density. Metal elements content in lubricating oil and changes to power and emissions were measured to verify deposits changes. Different power densities can be achieved by adjusting the fuel supply system in the engine. Three kinds of synthesised lubricating oils were used in the investigation. The temperature of the oil pan and cooling water was strictly controlled. The experimental results demonstrated well the influence of the quality of different kinds of oil on deposits formation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.