工业循环水系统的节能优化研究

针对工业循环水系统现存的高能耗问题,分析了工业循环水系统的能耗特征,确定了其关键可调参数,并挖掘了设备历史运行数据。通过最小二乘法等数据拟合方法建立设备电耗的数据驱动模型,以半机理半经验法建立冷却塔及冷冻机的数学模型。在此基础上,构建系统能耗优化模型。借助序列二次规划(SQP)等非线性优化问题求解算法,获得在保证循环水供应量与制冷量需求情况下的循环水优化调度方案、冷却塔风机优化操作方案、循环水泵与冷水机组的优化运行策略,并结合实际案例介绍运行评价技术的应用效果。结果表明,工业循环水系统能耗受环境温湿度影响较大,夏季系统能耗明显高于春秋季节;冷水机组效率(COP)随冷却水供水温度的降低而提高;在循环水系统运行评价的基础上进行循环水的调度或操作优化,可有效降低企业的冷量浪费问题,获得显著的节能效益。     

多台冷水机组联合运行优化控制策略

冷水机组通常占建筑物系统总能耗的主要部分,因此冷水机组运行数量控制在实现空调系统节能方面起着重要作用。针对多台冷水机组联合运行时台数选择和负荷分配不合理的问题,文章将通过TRNSYS模拟得出的负荷值聚类分析,确定不同负荷值对应的冷水机组运行台数,并提出一种冷水机组排序优化控制方法改善顺序控制方式以实现其合理运行与节能。以某大型办公建筑为例,将优化控制前后冷水机组运行的进行总能耗对比。实验结果表明:与顺序控制相比,冷水机组优化控制后两个工作日总能耗分别节约126.1kW和342.5 kW,节能率分别为4.15%和5.22%。通过利用冷水机组顺序优化控制可满足建筑的冷负荷需求同时实现降低系统能耗,在空调系统节能方面具有工程实际应用价值。     

核电厂设备冷却水波动箱液位计控制逻辑优化

核电厂设备冷却水系统发生过多起因波动箱液位计单一故障导致核岛冷冻水系统冷冻水机组全部跳闸,使核电机组产生较大瞬态。结合相关电厂的经验反馈,从漳州核电厂设备冷却水系统波动箱仪表设置、控制逻辑、缺省值设置角度出发,分析当前系统存在缺陷并提出优化建议。     

300MW真空泵冷却器冷却水深度改造与应用

测试真空泵制冷系统设备的有关逻辑保护,通过对其制冷系统的设备性能进行考察,在结合制冷装置试验总结的基础上,对其整体的投运方案进行了设计改造,并对LSBLG510D水冷螺杆冷水机组在300MW真空泵冷却器冷却水中的应用展开了深入研究。     

采用改进被囊群算法的多冷水机组负荷分配优化

为了降低中央空调系统的运行能耗,针对多冷水机组负荷分配优化问题,提出一种随机森林特征优选结合核函数极限学习机的冷水机组能效预测模型,通过剔除冗余特征提高预测精度;然后提出一种混合策略改进的被囊群算法,融合鲸鱼螺旋搜索策略改进个体更新方式,引入非线性动态权重平衡全局探索和局部开发,使用空翻扰动策略避免陷入局部最优;最后在能效模型的基础上,采用改进被囊群算法对多冷水机组负荷分配进行优化。实验结果表明,随机森林特征优选的方法可以有效的提高能效预测模型的准确度;改进被囊群算法通过优化机组的启停状态和负荷率可以有效发挥系统的节能潜力,与原有方法相比能耗降低约6%。说明该方法适用于多冷水机组的负荷分配优化问题。     

基于模糊理论的中央空调水自动控制系统设计

由于中央空调水系统非线性、大滞后的特点,目前楼宇自控和通用变频器控制方法的节能效果不显著,提出了模糊控制方法,通过负荷预测模糊控制的冷冻水控制和自适应模糊算法的冷却水控制,实现了冷水机组制冷量的供给与末端负荷需求大小相匹配、冷却水系统处于最大效率运行,取得了最大的节能效益。最后完成了冷冻站中央空调水系统的控制设计,并以实际工程测试结果分析了中央空调模糊控制取得节能效果。     

基于MSTSO算法的冷水机组负荷分配模型研究

为降低空调系统的运行能耗,优化冷水机组的负荷分配,首先提出了一种多策略改进的金枪鱼优化算法(MSTSO),引入黄金正弦觅食机制和非线性惯性权重来加强算法对最优解的全局定位能力;通过蜜獾随机搜索策略赋予算法更强的性能以跳出局部最优。接着利用双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)搭建能效预测模型并用MSTSO算法对其初始参数进行寻优从而获得最佳训练效果。最后进一步提出BiLSTM-MSTSO负荷分配模型,对多台冷水机组的负荷进行合理分配与优化。实验结果表明,优化后的BiLSTM预测模型拥有更高的预测精度,MSTSO算法相较其他智能优化算法可以减少更多的能耗并最大化提升冷水机组的运行效率。因此BiLSTM-MSTSO智能模型适用于多冷水机组的能耗预测与优化。     

改进交替方向乘子法求解冷水机组负荷分配群智能优化问题

群智能控制系统中的多台冷水机组负荷优化分配问题是一个多块优化问题,传统分布式方法难以获得其收敛解.文中将交替方向乘子法(ADMM)引入冷水机组负荷分配群智能优化问题中,并通过一种有效的高斯罚函数(GPF)更新策略改进了交替方向乘子法收敛特性.同时,建立了一种基于ADMM–GPF–GBS双层分布式计算框架的冷水机组负荷优化分配模型,该模型仅利用相邻节点间的局部信息传递,即可求解得出最优运行策略.最后,通过两个典型算例对比分析了所提优化方法的有效性,并在实际硬件系统中进一步对该算法进行应用与验证.结果表明,所提算法适用于群智能控制系统下的多台冷水机组系统,且具有比传统分布式算法更好的寻优能力和收敛性,可以取得显著的节能效果.     

改进并行粒子群算法用于冷却水系统节能优化

针对冷却水系统优化问题提出一种改进并行粒子群(IPPSO)算法,以系统能耗最小为优化目标,以系统中各设备的运行参数为优化变量进行求解.在该算法中,采用随机和混沌序列机制分别对两个种群的粒子进行初始化,使两种群在产生初期便具有不同特征;并根据两种群特点,采用不同惯性权重改进策略,提高算法搜索能力;同时利用一种新迁移算子对...     

建筑物内热能回收利用

中央空调冷却水余热回收利用装置,是由热泵机组、板式换热器、储热箱、水泵、水流开关、温度传感器、变频器和智能控制器等组成:板式换热器回收冷却水余热,用作生活热水预加热;热泵机组将冷却水低品位热能提升为较高品位热水;各温度传感器检测装置各处的动态水温并将它们送给智能控制器:智能控制器对变频器输出一个频率信号;实现冷却水排放和生活热水吸热的动态平衡及过程的优化节能运行.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。