SAF2906双相不锈钢超塑性研究

通过恒温拉伸机对固溶处理与冷轧加工后的SAF2906双相不锈钢进行恒温拉伸试验,分析其在不同条件下超塑性伸长率的变化。利用扫描电镜与透射电镜对其进行内部组织观察,了解其两相比例的变化情况。试验结果表明,SAF2906双相不锈钢中铁素体相(δ相)与奥氏体相(γ相)的两相体积比随固溶温度的变化而改变,随着固溶温度的升高铁素体比例不断上升,其中当铁素体与奥氏体的两相体积比接近1∶1的情况下,SAF2906双相不锈钢展现出良好的超塑性性能;在机械加工方面可以通过提高冷轧压下量的方法提高SAF2906双相不锈钢的超塑伸长率,试验中试样的伸长率随着冷轧变形量的提高而明显增大,当固溶温度为1 100 ℃,冷轧压下量为85%时,变形温度为960 ℃,应变速率为1×103 s1的条件下,SAF2906双相不锈钢伸长率为1 430%。     

稀土元素铈对超级双相不锈钢热变形能力的影响

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等研究了稀土元素铈对铸态00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢在应变速率为5 s-1、变形温度为1 100,1 150,1 200℃下热变形行为的影响。结果表明:稀土元素铈能够降低该钢中氧、硫含量,使钢中的夹杂物由硫化物变成稀土夹杂物,从而在一定程度上改善了该钢的热变形能力;铈的较佳添加量为0.165%~0.220%,适宜的热变形温度为1 150~1 200℃。     

热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢拉伸性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢拉伸性能的影响,并对断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明:在950～1 150 ℃固溶2 h,其强度和塑性与固溶温度呈复杂关系,在950℃和1 150℃固溶处理的强度比1 050℃的高,但塑性降低;1 050℃固溶后,在850℃时效处理材料强度有所提高,塑性明显降低;1050℃固溶后,在475℃时效处理材料强度明显提高,塑性略有降低.固溶处理后微观断口以韧窝为主要特征;850℃时效处理后断口出现解理的小平面和二次裂纹;475℃时效处理后断口以韧窝为主并伴有局部的解理断裂.     

时效处理对SAF2906双相不锈钢析出相的影响

对固溶水淬后的SAF2906材料进行了450～550℃区间的时效处理。采用OM,SEM,TEM和XRD研究了时效温度对SAF2906超级双相不锈钢析出相的影响。结果表明,在450～500℃区间对SAF2906超级双相不锈钢时效600min时,由于铁素体的分解反应(δ→α+α′)在铁素体基体上可以观察到均匀细小颗粒状弥散相(富铬α′相)的析出。随着时效温度的升高,弥散相的数量增多但尺寸增大不明显。550℃时效600min没有观察到弥散相的析出但是发现Cr2N的存在。材料硬度发生变化是因铁素体发生分解所造成。     

热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢组织的影响

研究了热处理工艺(固溶处理、固溶处理 时效处理)对22Cr双相不锈钢板材显微组织、脆性析出相形态的影响.结果表明:22Cr轧制板材在1 150℃以下固溶处理后,组织为由典型的α、γ两相组成的条状组织;经1 150℃固溶处理后,γ相已基本变成块状分布;在950～1 150℃固溶时,α、γ两相含量随固溶温度呈良好的直线关系.经1 050℃固溶处理后,在850℃进行时效处理,从α相中析出脆性相,随着时效时间的延长,脆性相含量增加.     

热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢疲劳寿命的影响

通过疲劳试验研究了热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:与原始轧制板材相比,1 050℃固溶处理的22Cr双相不锈钢疲劳寿命略有降低,850℃时效处理可提高其疲劳寿命,475℃时效处理则可显著提高其疲劳寿命;22Cr双相不锈钢的当量疲劳强度随其抗拉强度的增加而线性增加。     

Cu-15Ni-8Sn(Zr)合金的高温压缩变形流动应力研究

在温度765～915℃、应变速率0．0011～0．33s^-1的试验条件下，测定了两种热处理状态的Cu-15Ni-8Sn(Zr)合金的高温压缩变形流动应力，并进行了分析。结果表明，应变速率和变形温度影响合金流动应力，流动应力随变形温度升高而降低，随应变速率提高而增大。在相同变形条件和变形程度下，固溶处理的试样要比未固溶处理试样的流动应力小。其它条件不变时，变形温度越高，或者应变速率越低，材料越容易发生动态回复和动态再结晶。     

含微量B的X2 CrNiMo 18.12钢的固溶热处理

利用OA和SEM等分析方法研究固溶热处理工艺对含微量B元素的X2 CrNiMo 18.12不锈钢组织与机械性能的影响。结果表明,经1 050～1 070℃固溶处理后,不锈钢中碳氮化物等析出相回溶较为充分,晶粒尺寸中等且较为均匀,固溶强度最高;当固溶温度达到1 100℃时,不锈钢晶粒尺寸快速长大;微量B能提高不锈钢的高温屈服强度,B元素含量为0.001 7 wt.%的X2 CrNiMo 18.12不锈钢的高温屈服强度随着固溶冷却速率的升高而增大;B能增大不锈钢在1100℃以上固溶时晶粒快速长大的倾向。     

固溶处理工艺对HR3C奥氏体耐热钢组织和性能的影响

研究了固溶温度、保温时间对固溶态及固溶+时效态HR3C奥氏体耐热钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:试验钢在1 150~1 200℃固溶处理30 min后的晶粒尺寸变化不大,超过1 200℃后晶粒明显长大;保温时间对晶粒尺寸无明显影响;随固溶温度的升高和保温时间的延长,时效后钢中一次析出相的尺寸变小、数量减少;在700℃的时效过程中,M23C6相沿晶界析出,二次析出的Z相弥散分布在晶内,尺寸在100 nm以下,时效时间超过1 000 h后M23C6相明显粗化,Z相的尺寸变化不大,但数量不断增多,在长时时效过程中起到显著的析出强化作用;随初始固溶温度的升高和保温时间的增长,相对应的长时时效态的高温屈服强度明显提高。     

2507超级双相不锈钢的组织和腐蚀性能研究

主要研究了热处理工艺对2507双相不锈钢的铁素体和奥氏体比例的影响,并探讨了2507在醋酸以及醋酸加氯离子环境中的耐腐蚀性能。研究结果表明,在900～1150℃加热温度范围内,铁素体含量基本稳定在55%～60%;当温度超过1200℃时,铁素体含量增加到70%;在1200℃采用不同保温时间下,铁素体的含量基本稳定在51%～53%;在1300℃保温下,保温时间超过10min后铁素体含量开始增加,在80 min时铁素体含量达到59%。此外,2507双相不锈钢在醋酸中有较好的耐腐蚀性能,但醋酸溶液中存在氯离子时会导致点蚀的发生,且氯离子浓度达到1 mol/L,2507钢的耐点蚀性能明显下降。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.