制造系统广义过程重组和集成

传统的经营过程重组、企业再造等大都针对企业的业务过程，面向过程主要体现在经营领域。本文将“过程”概念广义化，提出包括业务过程、制造过程和控制过程的广义过程，并在探讨广义重组的基础上，针对传统制造系统应用集成模式的缺点，提出了一种以嵌套式广义过程模型为基础的制造系统广义过程集成模式。     

西部制造业发展战略的思考

为了带动我国整体经济进一步发展,中央作出重大决策：实施西部大开发。在这个历史的关键时刻,西部制造业应该如何发展是大家关心的问题。发展制造业不是西部大开发的当前重点,发展制造业必须在人口、环境、资源等宏观经济和社会系统中加以综合考虑。讨论了西部制造业的改造和实现跨越式发展的可能性,提出充分利用社会制造资源、联合起来去竞争的设想。     

Technological information concerning the integrated design of “net-shape” forged parts

This work concerns knowledge integration from manufacturing activities in design in order to make full use of the advantages provided by “net-shape” forging processes, by setting up tools and using specific competencies. The main objectives are improvements in product quality, together with a time reduction required for the design and manufacturing cycle. The specific aspects of this work are to be found in the identification of the pertinent data, information, and knowledge in a context of redesigning industrial products in relation to evolutions in the manufacturing processes. The approach described here is based on analysis of the stages in the product life cycle. This approach is illustrated by the example of forged pinions used in automotive vehicle differentials, and it shows the improvements obtained mainly through design activities. A feature approach is mentioned in perspective in order to make it easier to formalize and capitalize on pertinent information through its integration in a product data management (PDM) system.     

实现组织与顾客共赢的产品族规划与延迟策略决择

在大规模定制(MC)模式下,企业通过产品族规划来最大化顾客满意度和最大化组织利润。基于MC的两个实现策略:产品设计模块化定制化、制造过程延迟化,提出了一种产品族定制设计系统化方法。构建多维扩展质量屋、将市场需求有效转换为产品族及成员的定制属性取值;将制造延迟区分过程与供应链相结合,构建多级生产供应库存运作系统、以预测定制模块及定制产品的成本;当配置定制属性与成本而构成虚拟定制产品族时,利用联合分析法研究市场对各定制产品的偏好效用、以此明确产品族定制规划与延迟形式;而不同方案的对比可决择产品族的适宜定制程度与恰当延迟策略、实现顾客与组织共赢。最后,通过一个实例来说明理论与方法的有效性。     

基于成本控制策略的工艺流程重新排序模型

为了使企业在大规模定制生成模式下更好地实施延迟策略,降低生产成本,提出了具有多个产品区分点的工艺流程重新排序的成本控制模型.该模型以降低系统总成本为优化目标,综合考虑了投资成本、制造成本、缓冲库存持有成本、在制品持有成本和客户等待成本.分析了工艺流程重新排序的实施条件,重点考虑了需求变动特点、生产提前期和操作增值等要素对工艺流程重新排序的影响,分别实现了集中型大规模定制生产模式和分散型大规模定制生产模式的优化.     

Experimental study on micro manufacturing of carbon nanotube (CNT) plastic composites

In recent years, innovative materials such as carbon nanotube composites are finding growing interest in several industrial sectors, from sports and leisure to electronics, automotive, aircraft, and defence. The reinforcing influence of the carbon nanotube is of prime interest. However, technological issues concerning the production methods and the manufacturing processes of carbon nanotube components limit the industrial application of this innovative and interesting material, especially whether small features are required. For this reason, manufacturing strategy involving new production technologies must be designed and developed. This paper studies the challenges of a manufacturing chain based on two manufacturing processes: injection moulding and micro milling. A case study based on these innovative processes is reported and discussed. The propagation chain effect and the influence of each considered process parameter on cutting force and geometrical accuracy of the features (the key characteristics of the process chain) were assessed by means of statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA analysis demonstrated that cutting forces in micro milling are mainly influenced by the material and percentage of carbon nanotubes, while the main parameter influencing the geometrical accuracy of micro features is the matrix material.     

BPR for SMEs [business reengineering]

Small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) need adoptable manufacturing systems. The author proposes a methodology to document the needs for such a management control system as part of a business process re-engineering (BPR) procedure     

西部大开发和产品创新战略

从世界经济发展动向出发，讨论西部大开发所面临的历史机遇和挑战。在这外历史的关键时刻，西部制造业不应该采取东西部技术梯度转移的策略，防止急功近利、好大喜功。发展制造业必须在人口、环境、资源等宏观经济和社会系统中加以综合考虑。重点讨论了西部制造业的产品创新战略和实现跨越式发展的可能性，提出实现可持续发展经济，必须教育先行的观点。     

大规模定制下制造商延迟生产的成本优化模型

为解决大规模定制下延迟生产系统中制造商的生产成本优化问题,建立了大规模定制下制造商实施延迟生产的生产成本优化基本模型和扩展模型,以大规模定制下延迟生产系统的生产成本最小化为目标,综合考虑了固定资产的投资成本、制造成本、在制品持有成本、半成品库存成本,以及客户提前期问题.分析了客户订单分离点最佳位置及其决定因素,并指出了客户需求平均到达率、定制化产品种类数量,以及制造中心平均生产率对客户订单分离点最佳位置的影响.最后,对延迟生产系统的生产成本优化模型进行了仿真.     

核武器系统绿色制造关键技术研究

讨论了禁核试验条件下核武器绿色设计制造的内涵和特点,指出其实质应是通过网络化协同技术实现绿色化;提出了实现核武器绿色制造的关键技术：基于复杂产品建模技术和异构信息集成的网络化协同技术、数据挖掘和特种知识（数据）库建立、流程再造技术、特种材料加工工艺和绿色评价系统研究等。构建了一种新的核武器研制理念,有助于应对目前核武器研制生产面临的挑战。     

知识管理与制造企业核心竞争力

通过对知识资本的分析，阐述知识管理是如何提升制造企业核心竞争力的，最后给出一个制造企业实施知识管理项目的过程模型。     

企业过程设计和重构的可实施性评价

首先从经济性、技术性及过程实施环境等方面出发，给出了企业过程评价的定义，提出了过程可实施性评价指标和评价策略，论述了过程可实施性评价的内容和方法。其次，根据不同评价要求，提出了过程并行设计／重构过程中的实施成本评价策略和过程实施成本总评价策略，并对过程实施成本进行了分析。     

Fundamental innovation

Improving business must involve more than improving existing processes, says the author. To move towards becoming world class requires a more fundamental, top down approach. One such approach is business process re-engineering     

订单式中小企业生产计划管理系统研究

计划管理系统在ERP中占有重要地位。在需求分析的基础上,给出了计划管理系统功能模型和系统主要功能模块,详细阐述了计划管理系统的计划编制策略,应用廷迟制造策略改进了传统的主生产计划和物料需求计划的编制流程,提出了订单驱动中小企业的计划管理策略,给出了基于廷迟制造策略的主生产计划编制流程和物料需求计划编制流程。     

Time-Based Competition in Multistage Manufacturing: Stream-of-Variation Analysis (SOVA) Methodology—Review

Frequency of model change and the vast amounts of time and cost required to make a changeover, also called time-based competition, has become a characteristic feature of modern manufacturing and new product development in automotive, aerospace, and other industries. This paper discusses the concept of time-based competition in manufacturing and design based on a review of on-going research related to stream-of-variation (SOVA or SoV) methodology. The SOVA methodology focuses on the development of modeling, analysis, and control of dimensional variation in complex multistage assembly processes (MAP) such as the automotive, aerospace, appliance, and electronics industries. The presented methodology can help in eliminating costly trial-and-error fine-tuning of new-product assembly processes attributable to unforeseen dimensional errors throughout the assembly process from design through ramp-up and production. Implemented during the product design phase, the method will produce math-based predictions of potential downstream assembly problems, based on evaluations of the design and a large array of process variables. By integrating product and process design in a pre-production simulation, SOVA can head off individual assembly errors that contribute to an accumulating set of dimensional variations, which ultimately result in out-of-tolerance parts and products. Once in the ramp-up stage of production, SOVA will be able to compare predicted misalignments with actual measurements to determine the degree of mismatch in the assemblies, diagnose the root causes of errors, isolate the sources from other assembly steps, and then, on the basis of the SOVA model and product measurements, recommend solutions.     

汽车液压胀形桥壳工艺的成本分析

液压胀形方法成形汽车桥壳是一种新工艺,它是指选择适当的管坯,首先进行推压缩径,将其端部直径缩减至零件图要求,然后进行轴向压缩复合液压胀形将中间部分扩张成形。笔者从产品质量和经济效益的角度论述液压胀形工艺在汽车后桥壳制造中的优势。在市场竞争日趋剧烈的环境下,采用可降成本的工艺不失为一种选择。     

云制造下设计任务与知识资源双边匹配方法

设计任务与知识资源的匹配大多是以业务流程为基础的单向匹配,为解决研发设计任务与知识资源之间的双边匹配问题,提出面向云制造模式的研发设计任务与知识资源双边匹配总体框架,该框架包括双边匹配满意度评价指标体系构建、多指标满意度评价信息处理和多目标双边匹配决策模型构建与求解等关键步骤。以卫星产品研制工艺知识为例,验证了所提方法在解决设计任务和知识资源双边匹配,以及提升产品设计任务执行效率与质量方面的有效性。     

面向汽车企业的PLM知识管理

从产品生命周期管理PLM（Product Lifecycle Management）的本质出发,分析了PLM知识管理在汽车企业重要性,提出了一种简单的PLM知识管理模型（TELL＆ASK模型）并简要介绍其关键技术及PLM知识管理系统中的几个主要研究问题。该模型旨在简化产品生命周期各阶段的信息流,使正确的知识能在正确的时间传递到正确的地点被正确的用户应用;论文最后给出实例。     

Applications of the MOORA method for decision making in manufacturing environment

To meet the challenges of global competitiveness, manufacturing organizations are now facing the problems of selecting appropriate manufacturing strategies, product and process designs, manufacturing processes and technologies, and machinery and equipment. The selection decisions become more complex as the decision makers in the manufacturing environment have to assess a wide range of alternatives based on a set of conflicting criteria. To aid these selection processes, various multi-objective decision-making (MODM) methods are now available. This paper explores the application of an almost new MODM method, i.e., the multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) method to solve different decision-making problems as frequently encountered in the real-time manufacturing environment. Six decision-making problems which include selection of (a) an industrial robot, (b) a flexible manufacturing system, (c) a computerized numerical control machine, (d) the most suitable non-traditional machining process for a given work material and shape feature combination, (e) a rapid prototyping process, and (f) an automated inspection system are considered in this paper. In all these cases, the results obtained using the MOORA method almost corroborate with those derived by the past researchers which prove the applicability, potentiality, and flexibility of this method while solving various complex decision-making problems in present day manufacturing environment.