翅片管换热器积灰对空气侧传热和压降影响的实验研究

文章选取室外实际运行的翅片管换热器,在采样分析其表面沉积粉尘粒度的基础上,搭建换热器积灰实验台,以平直翅片管换热器为测试样件,研究积灰对换热器空气侧传热和压降的影响。结果表明,换热器表面不同位置沉积粉尘的粒径分布规律相近,沉积粉尘的粒径集中分布在1～100μm;换热器空气侧积灰对压降的影响大于对换热的影响;高风速能够减小积灰对换热器空气侧传热和压降的影响,当风速从1.5 m/s增大到3.0m/s,空气侧污垢热阻减小54%,压降增幅减小18.3%;换热器稳定后的空气侧污垢热阻及压降增幅,在低风速时随粉尘粒径的增大而减小,高风速时随粉尘粒径的增大而增大。     

土壤源地热换热器的传热性能分析及优化设计研究

文中对垂直U型埋管土壤源地热换热器的传热性能进行了分析,并优化设计计算了不同负荷下地热换热器的长度.首先根据土壤源地热换热器的传热性能分析,在满足工程实践的基础上,选择了IGSHPA模型简化下的传热分析方法计算传热热阻;然后利用一维导热和线热源模型,得到流体至管道内壁的对流换热热阻,塑料管壁的导热热阻,钻孔内部的导热热...     

风冷冷水机组V型冷凝器空气流动的模拟

建立了风冷热泵翅片管换热器空气侧流动与传热的数学模型,模拟了V型风冷翅片管换热器在不同翅片管间夹角与底部距离下的空气流场,分析了不同翅片管间夹角与底部距离对空气流动的影响。模拟结果表明,两换热面的夹角增大时,换热面的迎面风速和平均风速也随之增大,且增长相当明显,但最大风速相差不大。当底部间距增大时,换热面的迎面风速和平均风速亦随之增大,但变化的幅度比较小。     

圆弧型开缝翅片管空气冷却器传热与阻力特性试验研究

对3种不同翅片间距的圆弧型开缝翅片管空气冷却器进行试验研究,得到迎面风速在1.0~3.0 m/s空气侧传热与阻力特性变化规律,分析了迎面风速、翅片间距对换热器传热与阻力特性的影响;雷诺数Re在1200~3800,综合性能指标随着Re的增大而增大;当Re1800时,Pf=1.7 mm的综合流动传热性能最好,当Re1800时,Pf=2.5 mm的综合流动传热性能最好;圆弧型开缝翅片管的综合流动传热性能比平直翅片管高。     

热虹吸管温度波动原因分析

对热虹吸管进行了实验研究,分析了影响热虹吸管管壁温度波动的因素。同时基于两相流动及热力学的相关理论,分析了这些因素影响热虹吸管温度波动的内在机理,这一结果对于进一步研究热管内部的传热机理和指导生产具有一定的参考价值。     

1000MW直接空冷机组凝汽器污垢热阻对热经济性影响特性研究

直接空冷机组运行一段时间后,其散热器管内、外污垢热阻会对机组的热经济性产生一定的影响.以某1 000MW直接空冷机组为例,取污垢热阻的变化范围为0～0.001m2·K/W,用η-NTU建立了机组排汽压力的管内、外污垢热阻数学模型.分析了热负荷一定的情况下,不同环境温度、迎面风速下,散热器管内、外污垢热阻对排汽压力的影响特性.结合当地经济因素,比较了不同管内、外污垢热阻阻值对机组年运行费用的影响程度,为机组的经济运行提供了参考.     

大长径比热虹吸管微倾角下传热特性的实验研究

文章针对不同充液量且长径比均为191的铜-水热虹吸管进行了实验研究,并对比分析了其在水平及微倾角状态下的传热特性。在冷却水流量恒定状态下,测量不同加热功率的热虹吸管轴向各测点温度及冷却水进出口水温,考察热虹吸管的轴向温度分布特点及变功率时各测点温度响应情况,计算对比分析热虹吸管的等效对流换热系数。实验结果表明,水平状态下,充液率为20%,30%和45%的热虹吸管,即使在低加热功率下也无法良好传热;充液率为14%的热虹吸管,在加热功率低于10 W时,传热性能良好。微倾角状态下,充液率为14%的热虹吸管传热性能大为改善,其蒸发段、冷凝段及等效对流换热系数均随着加热功率的增大而增大,但在加热功率达到40 W时会出现温度振荡现象。     

两相闭式热虹吸管混沌特性及其传热性能研究

探究两相闭式热虹吸管的传热混沌,以及操作参数对其混沌性和传热性能的影响,建立混沌特征参数与传热性能间的联系.通过搭建实验台测量两相闼式热虹吸管稳定运行过程中不同工况下的管壁温度信号,基于非线性分析的混沌理论研究处理测量的温度脉动信号,绘制吸引子轨迹图,建立最大Lyapunov指数与传热特征参数的联系,揭示传热性能与混沌...     

一种监测换热器污垢的新方法

在考虑污垢对换热器传热性能影响的基础上,提出换热器当量总污垢热阻和污垢函数的概念,并给出换热器当量总污垢热阻的监测方法,讨论了换热流型、传热有效度ε和冷热流体热容量率比R对换热器当量总污垢热阻的影响。     

200 MW直接空冷机组管束污垢热阻对热经济性影响

直接空冷凝汽器在运行一段时间后,其冷却管内、外污垢热阻对机组热经济性会产生影响。在设计工况下,限定凝汽器管内、外污垢热阻变化范围为0~0.001 m~2·k/W,建立机组排汽压力的管内、外污垢热阻热性数学模型,用编程计算做出对应特性曲线,分析直接空冷机组凝汽器冷却管在不同迎面风速、环境温度、热负荷等工况下污垢热阻对排汽压力的影响。     

新型平板型热管热回收装置传热性能实验研究

文中对采用了平板型热管技术的热回收装置的传热性能进行了实验研究。基于北京地区冬季室外气象条件,通过变化热回收装置的迎风风速、管排数、冷/热流侧风量比等参数,对该平板型热管热回收装置的换热效率、热回收量、系统能效比以及阻力特性等进行了比较分析。所得结果将对该热回收装置的优化设计与工程应用提供参考。     

Experimental investigation of wraparound loop heat pipe heat exchanger used in energy efficient air handling units

Building legislation along with environmental and comfort concerns are increasingly driving designers of building services and air conditioning equipment towards more energy efficient solutions. Heat pipe technology is emerging as a viable, efficient and environmentally-sound technology for applications in efficient air handling unit designs. In this paper, an experimental investigation on the thermal performance of an air-to-air heat exchanger, which utilises heat pipe technology, will be presented. The heat exchanger consisted of 7 loop heat pipes with finned evaporator and condenser sections. The heat exchanger was fully instrumented to test for the effect of the variation of heat load and the air velocity, through the heat exchanger, on the overall thermal resistance of the loops. The values of the effectiveness of the heat pipe heat exchanger are shown to vary with the air velocity as expected but the results also allow the prediction of effectiveness variation with the heat load and operating temperature (previously assumed to be constant). The results allow an interpretation of the overall thermal performance of each loop heat pipe as a function of the load and air velocity. The paper concludes with a theoretical analysis of the energy savings that would be expected when utilising the technology in a representative application.     

Modeling of Air to Air Enthalpy Heat Exchanger

The thermal performance of a Z-shaped enthalpy heat exchanger utilizing 45-gsm Kraft paper as the heat and moisture transfer surface for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy recovery is experimentally investigated through temperature and moisture content measurements. A mathematical model is developed and validated against the experimental results using the effectiveness-NTU method. In this model the paper moisture transfer resistance is determined by paper moisture permeability measurements. Results showed that the paper moisture transfer resistance is not constant and varies with moisture gradient across the paper. Furthermore, the model is used to predict the heat exchanger performance for different heat exchanger flow configurations. The results showed that higher effectiveness values are achieved when the heat exchanger flow path width is reduced. Temperature and moisture distribution in the heat exchanger is also studied using a computational fluid dynamics package (FLUENT). To model the moisture transfer through the porous materials a nondimensional sensible–latent effectiveness ratio was developed to obtain the moisture boundary conditions on the heat exchanger surface.     

Heat extraction from salinity-gradient solar ponds using heat pipe heat exchangers

This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical analysis on the heat extraction process from solar pond by using the heat pipe heat exchanger. In order to conduct research work, a small scale experimental solar pond with an area of 7.0 m² and a depth of 1.5 m was built at Khon Kaen in North-Eastern Thailand (16°27′N102°E). Heat was successfully extracted from the lower convective zone (LCZ) of the solar pond by using a heat pipe heat exchanger made from 60 copper tubes with 21 mm inside diameter and 22 mm outside diameter. The length of the evaporator and condenser section was 800 mm and 200 mm respectively. R134a was used as the heat transfer fluid in the experiment. The theoretical model was formulated for the solar pond heat extraction on the basis of the energy conservation equations and by using the solar radiation data for the above location. Numerical methods were used to solve the modeling equations. In the analysis, the performance of heat exchanger is investigated by varying the velocity of inlet air used to extract heat from the condenser end of the heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE). Air velocity was found to have a significant influence on the effectiveness of heat pipe heat exchanger. In the present investigation, there was an increase in effectiveness by 43% as the air velocity was decreased from 5 m/s to 1 m/s. The results obtained from the theoretical model showed good agreement with the experimental data.     

Frost distribution characteristics of laminar airflow on cold surface of mini-channels

This study was performed for simulating frosting characteristics that occurred on the surface of plate fins of the outside heat exchanger. Test section with local cooling modules at the central part was made as the rectangular cross sectional passage to imitate the outside heat exchanger. Local frost thickness distributions for test conditions having three experimental parameters (plate wall temperature, air humidity and velocity) were presented. Leading edge effect of the plate was clearly confirmed from the measured frost thickness distributions. The central part of the plate had the highest frost thickness because cooling devices were installed at the center of the plate. Due to different heat and mass transfer characteristics of upstream flow and downstream flow, the frost thickness of upstream area was much higher than that of downstream. The effects of plate surface temperature, humidity and velocity of inlet flow on frost thickness, and sensible and latent heat fluxes were analyzed.     

Numerical model and effectiveness correlations for a run-around heat recovery system with combined counter and cross flow exchangers

A two-dimensional steady-state numerical model is developed to study the heat transfer in a run-around heat recovery system with two exchangers each with a combination of counter and cross (counter/cross) flow between parallel plates or membranes. A finite difference method is used to solve the steady-state equations of continuity, momentum and heat transfer. The simulated values for the effectiveness of each counter/cross flow heat exchanger and the overall run-around system are used to develop effectiveness correlations which agree within ±2% of the simulated effectiveness of individual heat exchangers and overall system. It is shown that the effectiveness of this new run-around heat exchanger (RAHE) falls between the effectiveness of similar run-around systems with either two cross-flow exchangers or two counter-flow exchangers. For a given total surface area of the exchangers, the highest overall sensible effectiveness is achieved with exchangers which have a small exchanger aspect ratio and relatively small solution flow inlet and outlet lengths.     

Heat recovery from molten CuCl in the Cu–Cl cycle of hydrogen production

The copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle of thermochemical hydrogen production requires heat recovery from molten CuCl at various points within the cycle. This paper examines the convective heat transfer between molten CuCl droplets and air in a counter-current spray flow heat exchanger. This direct contact heat exchanger is analyzed as a proposed new method of recovering heat from the solidified molten CuCl. Effective thermal management within the Cu–Cl cycle is crucial for achieving high thermal efficiency. The cycle’s efficiency is improved drastically when all heat released by the products of reactions is recycled internally. Recovering heat from molten CuCl is very challenging due to the phase transformations of molten CuCl, as it cools from liquid to different solid states. In this paper, a spray column direct contact heat exchanger is analyzed for the heat recovery process. A predictive model of heat transfer and droplet flow is developed and then solved numerically. The results indicate that full heat recovery is achieved with a heat exchanger diameter of 0.13 m, and heights of 0.6 and 0.8 m, for a 1 and 0.5 mm droplet diameter, respectively. Additional results are presented and discussed for heat recovery from molten CuCl in the thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle.     

非能动余热排出热交换器传热性能分析

文中针对非能动余热排出热交换器的传热过程和工作原理进行研究,采用经验关系式对热交换器的稳态传热过程进行计算,通过对计算得到的传热量、总传热系数以及临界热流密度等分析热交换器的传热性能.     

Discharge of a thermal storage tank using an immersed heat exchanger with an annular baffle

A number of solar domestic hot water systems and many combined space and water heating systems have heat exchangers placed directly in the storage fluid to charge and/or discharge the tank. Operation of the heat exchanger produces a buoyancy-driven flow within the storage fluid. With a view toward controlling the flow field to increase heat transfer, a cylindrical baffle is inserted in a 350 l cylindrical storage tank. The baffle creates a 40 mm annular gap adjacent to the tank wall. A 10 m-long, 0.3 m² copper coil heat exchanger is placed in the gap. The effects of the baffle on the transient heat transfer, delivered water temperature, heat exchanger effectiveness, and temperature distribution within the storage fluid are presented during discharge of initially thermally stratified and fully mixed storage tanks. The baffle increases the storage side convective heat transfer to the heat exchanger by 20%. This increase is attributed to higher storage fluid velocities across the heat exchanger.     

Optimization for a heat exchanger couple based on the minimum thermal resistance principle

Following the brief introduction to the concept of a physical quantity, entransy, the equivalent thermal resistance of a heat exchanger couple is defined based on the entransy dissipation. The minimum thermal resistance principle is applied to obtain the optimal heat capacity rate of the medium fluid and the optimal allocation of heat exchangers thermal conductance, which correspond to the maximum heat transfer rate in the heat exchanger couple. In addition, analytical expression for the optimal heat capacity rate of the medium fluid is derived, whose reciprocal equals the sum of the reciprocal of the individual heat capacity rate of the hot and cold fluids, just like the case of two electrical capacitors in series. Numerical results in the variation of the thermal resistance and the heat transfer rate with the medium fluid heat capacity rate or the thermal conductance allocation agree with the theoretical analyses. Finally, for comparison, the entropy generation rate is also calculated to obtain its relation with the thermal performance of the heat exchanger couple. The results show that there is no one-to-one correspondence of the minimum entropy generation rate and the maximum heat transfer rate. This indicates that the minimum entropy generation principle cannot be used for optimizing the heat exchanger couple.