内燃机排气消声器主要参数的选择（一）

根据笔者多年设计消声器的实践经验,分析影响内燃机排气消声器消声性能的各种主要参数,以及如何正确选取消声器各主要参数的方法。     

基于GT—Power软件的穿孔管消声器传递损失预测研究

为了增加固定体积消声器的传递损失,以穿孔管消声器为例,利用GT-Power软件建立消声器三维实体模型,并进行仿真模拟,计算消声器传递损失.通过对比不同布置间距双穿孔管消声器的传递损失,得到双穿孔管消声器传递损失叠加规律,为双穿孔管消声器设计提供了理论依据.     

某款发动机排气消声器的改进设计

本文通过试验获得原消声器的插入损失数据,分析了消声器消声后的声音频谱特征,识别出未被消声器抑制的噪声源频段。利用建模软件和网格划分软件,分别建立了该消声器的三维模型和有限元模型,通过声学分析软件对消声器的声结构进行了声场分析,获得了该消声器的消声频谱特征。基于试验和数据分析结果,根据抗性消声理论改进了该消声器的结构参数及布置形式,设计出一种新型抗性消声器。仿真结果表明:新结构消声器的主要性能明显优于与原结构消声器,满足总噪声小于90dB的工程要求。     

小型发电机组消声器声学特性分析及优化

利用声学计算软件Virtual．Lab Acoustics对复杂的小型汽油发电机组消声器的内部声场进行数值计算,得到消声器的传递损失,与消声器各腔体的传递损失进行对比,找出消声器传递损失特征与各腔体关系,针对排气噪声提出传递损失改进目标,优化消声器结构参数,提高了消声器的消声性能。该方法为消声器设计改进提供了较好的参考。     

一种新型消声器的正交试验与设计

本文探讨了消声器设计与正交试验。通过正交试验和试验分析,正确选取消声器参数,试制出性能较好的消声器样品。新试制的消声器各项性能均优于原机消声器。结果表明:正交试验能够节省研制费用、时间和工作量,并且可以优化消声器的设计。     

排气消声器消声性能优化设计研究

首先基于COMSOL软件建立了某型消声器的声学仿真模型,然后研究了消声器的主要结构参数对其传声损失的影响,最后基于正交试验理论对消声器的结构参数进行了优化设计研究。研究表明,在低频区域消声器的外壳直径和声腔个数对消声器传声损失的影响并不明显,随着排气噪声频率的增高,外壳直径和声腔个数对传声损失产生了较明显的影响;随着消声器直通管直径的减小,消声器的传声损失逐渐增加,与原消声器相比,正交优化设计后的消声器的消声性能得到了明显的提高。     

空调通风用ZP_(200)系列阻性片式消声器性能实验研究

文章通过参考相关文献和标准,搭建了测试消声器性能的声学实验室,并测试了消声棉密度为48K的消声器在不同风速下消声器尺寸、孔板穿孔率、消声器端部结构对消声器消声性能的影响[1]。实验结果表明:同一台消声器在0~10m/s风速范围内,消声量变化不大;消声器长边尺寸由小到大,其消声量呈下降趋势;孔板穿孔率大的消声器高频段消声量更大,而孔板穿孔率小的消声器低频段的消声量相对大些;ZP_(200)的阻力系数是一个变量,其值是随着消声器规格尺寸的增大而增大。     

迷宫式消声器分析

为了研究迷宫式消声器的降噪效果,利用GT-power软件,建立发动机仿真模型,模拟发动机工作并与消声器耦合,得到与实际工况接近的消声器人口边界条件,计算出消声器排气口噪声,并用FULENT软件对其内部速度流场进行分析.最终说明迷宫式消声器比传统内插管消声器降噪效果明显.     

基于GT-Power软件的抗性消声器性能分析

应用GT-Power软件及其Muffler模块建立了简单扩张式抗性消声器模型,在模型的基础上对抗性消声器的结构和消声性能进行了模拟仿真分析,明确了消声器的扩张比、偏置、插入管、穿孔管、穿孔板等结构因素对抗性消声器消声性能的影响关系,有利于消声器的优化设计,便于消声器性能的进一步分析.     

抗性消声器声学性能的有限元分析

本文应用有限元法对抗性消声器内部声场进行了有限元分析。建立了抗性消声器声场有限元分析模型,通过加载、求解以及后处理等对消声器内部声场进行计算分析,获得消声器内部声压级和压力分布情况。通过分析结果可以直观地获取消声器进出管的长度、内插管的长度和直径大小以及穿孔板孔径大小对消声器传递损失和消声性能影响,为消声器的优化设计提供可靠的依据。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。     

燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型

应用瞬态谱分析方法对燃烧流化床声波信号进行了频谱分析,发现气泡能量分布呈Ｇａｍｍａ分布形式,在Ａｒｇｙｒｉｏｕｓ和Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ等人提出的模型的基础上,发展了燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型,并通过优化迭代对模型参数进行求解,在实验和理论的基础上得出了更加切合实际的燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

促进城镇生活污水处理装置产业化

城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来，是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ，是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面，阐述了其产业化的重要性。     

Investigation of effect of variation of cycle parameters on thermodynamic performance of gas-steam combined cycle

The paper deals with second law thermodynamic analysis of a basic gas turbine based gas-steam combined cycle. The article investigates the effect of variation of cycle parameters on rational efficiency and component-wise non-dimensionalised exergy destruction of the plant. Component-wise inefficiencies of the combined cycle have been quantified with the objective to pin-point the major sources of exergy destruction. The parameter that affects cycle performance most is the TIT (turbine inlet temperature). TIT should be kept on the higher side, because at lower values, the exergy destruction is higher. The summation of total exergy destruction of all components in percentage terms is lower (44.88%) at TIT of 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. The sum total of rational efficiency of gas turbine and steam turbine is found to be higher (54.91%) at TIT = 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. Compressor pressure ratio also affects the exergy performance. The sum total of exergy destruction of all components of the combined cycle plant is lower (44.17%) at higher value of compressor pressure ratio (23)& TIT = 1700 K, as compared to that at compressor pressure ratio (16). Also exergy destruction is minimized with the adoption of multi-pressure-reheat steam generator configuration.