基于模糊遗传算法的二自由度PID控制器优化设计

针对一般遗传算法中交叉概率和变异概率存在的选择困难问题，利用模糊推理系统来自适应估计交叉概率和变异概率，提出了模糊遗传算法（FGAs），并用于二自由度PID控制器参数寻优设计。仿真和实验表明，所设计的二自由度PID控制器可以使系统同时具有良好的目标值跟随特性和干扰抑制特性。     

二自由度机器人轨迹跟踪误差控制优化研究

为了提高2自由度机器人控制系统响应速度,降低其输出误差,设计改进模糊PID控制器,并对2自由度机器人角位移跟踪效果进行仿真验证。给出多连杆机器人的动力学模型,设计模糊PID控制器。利用粒子的迭代搜索原理对模糊PID控制器参数进行优化,从而得到模糊PID控制器参数的最优值,使机器人控制系统具有更好的抗干扰能力。以2自由度机器人为例,利用Matlab软件对机器人角位移和转矩进行仿真,在不同环境中比较优化前和优化后的输出效果。结果显示：采用改进粒子群优化算法优化PID控制器参数,2自由度机器人控制效果明显优于模糊PID控制器。2自由度机器人优化后的模糊PID控制器,不仅响应速度快,而且抗干扰能力强。     

一种基于粒子群算法的二自由度PID控制器优化设计

粒子群算法在解决复杂问题的优化设计上具有算法简单,计算速度快的优点,将粒子群算法引入到二自由度PID控制器的参数整定中,用于改进二自由度PID控制器参数整定的效率并进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明,系统同时具有了最优的目标值跟踪特性和干扰抑制特性.     

基于二型模糊遗传控制器的冗余自由度机械臂运动控制的研究

对冗余自由度机械臂的运动轨迹进行准确的控制,有助于提高工作效率以及工作质量。在对5自由度冗余机械臂结构分析的基础上,设计了一种二型模糊遗传控制器,可用于控制冗余自由度机械臂按照既定轨迹进行运动。首先,对冗余机械臂的结构进行分析,并借助拉格朗日函数冗余度机械臂扭矩与连杆位置关系的动力学模型。然后,通过二型隶属函数定义二型模糊集及区间二型模糊集。对区间二型模糊逻辑系统主要模块的功能进行分析,以其为核心部分设计区间二型模糊PID控制器,并制定区间二型模糊PID控制器的规则库,采用遗传算法对区间二型模糊PID控制器的参数进行选择,以对机械臂的运动轨迹进行控制。最后,采用二型模糊遗传控制器对锯齿及正弦目标轨迹进行跟踪测试,测试结果显示:与PID控制器相比,本文设计的二型模糊遗传控制器,在对锯齿及正弦目标轨迹跟踪时,最大跟踪误差分别减少5.97 mm和3.66 mm。说明本文设计的二型模糊遗传控制器,能够控制冗余度机械臂较为准确地按照目标轨迹运动。     

一种伺服系统两自由度复合控制器设计的新方法

提出了一种伺服系统两自由度控制器设计的新方法。该两自由度控制器包含一个前馈控制器和一个反馈控制器,反馈控制器是一个PID控制器,该PID控制器的参数通过极点配置的方法设计;前馈控制器通过不变性原理设计。该两自由度控制器也可以被应用于其他被控对象。实验结果证明了方法的有效性。     

轮式移动机器人路径跟踪的模糊自整定PID控制

本文建立了二自由度轮式移动机器人路径跟踪的动力学模型，并设计了自整定模糊PID控制器，利用模糊推理的方法，对PID控制器的参数进行自动整定。仿真实验用常规增量式PID控制和自整定模糊PID控制算法结合进行航向跟踪，结果表明该算法与常规PID算法相比，系统误差减少了20%左右，响应时间减小到原来的0.4,有效地改善了控制器的动态性能，同时表现出了较好的自适应能力，路径跟踪仿真结果表明，轮式移动机器人能够迅速向目标路径靠拢，并能平稳地践踏规划路径。     

车辆横摆角速度跟踪控制仿真研究

采用二自由度车辆动力学状态方程建立了车辆横摆角速度跟踪控制模型。用横摆角速度与其期望值的差值及其变化率作为模糊控制器的输入,设计了模糊自适应PID控制器。基于模糊自适应PID控制器,进行了前轮转向阶跃输入、正弦输入仿真试验。仿真和分析结果表明,设计的模糊PID控制器可实现对参考模型横摆角速度的跟踪,车辆的操纵稳定性得到了有效改善。     

基于自整定模糊PID控制算法的电液伺服系统设计

本文针对传统PID控制器控制六自由度并联机器人所存在的响应速度慢、控制精度不高和鲁棒性差等问题,采用自整定模糊PID控制算法设计了模糊PID控制器.根据给定语言变量建立隶属度函数,设计模糊控制规则.最后,利用Matlab语言仿真模糊PID控制器和普通PID控制器对开环传递函数的响应.结果表明所设计模糊PID控制器具有响应速度快、鲁棒性强、精度高和无超调等特点,提高了六自由度并联机器人的控制性能.     

考虑延迟的线控转向二自由度内模控制

针对线控转向系统中由于信号传输、机械间隙和摩擦等因素引起的响应延迟问题，设计了二自由度内模控制策略以提高转角跟踪精度。将延迟模型与线控转向系统模型相结合，构建新的名义模型，为避免引入非最小相位项，采用全极点近似方法将延迟环节线性化，求解跟踪控制器和抗干扰控制器。与名义模型不含延迟环节的二自由度内模控制以及经典PID控制相比较，通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真给出了延迟量对三种方法跟踪性能的影响。比较了延迟量对采用全极点近似、Taylor近似和Padé近似的二自由度内模控制跟踪性能的影响。经线控转向台架试验验证，采用全极点近似的二自由度内模控制跟踪精度较高，对延迟的适应性较好。     

空气主动悬架自适应Fuzzy-PID控制研究

设计了一种用于1/4车体的二自由度空气主动悬架的自适应Fuzzy-PID控制器.FuzzyPID控制器是PID控制和模糊控制两种控制方法的叠加.PID控制使用车身的垂直加速度作为输入变量,模糊控制作为PID控制的补充,其可利用模糊控制规则对PID参数进行在线修改.应用Mariab/Simulink控制系统仿真软件仿真分析,结果表明具有Fuzzy-PID控制器的空气主动悬架在提高车辆乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性方面明优于被动空气悬架和常规PID控制的空气悬架.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.