Nd对Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

研究稀土Nd对均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响.通过真空感应熔炼制备镁锂合金铸锭, 经均匀化处理(280 ℃, 24 h)得到均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-xNd-0.2Zr(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5)合金.采用XRD和SEM分析合金的显微组织, 并对合金进行拉伸试验和断口分析.采用电化学法和析氢失重法研究合金在3.5 %NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金主要含有β-Li、AlLi、MgLi₂Al相, Nd的加入使合金中形成NdAl3相.随着Nd含量的增加, 合金的强度和塑性呈先增大后降低的趋势. Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-1Nd-0.2Zr合金表现出较优的力学性能, 其抗拉强度和延伸率相对于Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金分别提高了28.8 %和51.3 %.稀土Nd的添加使合金的耐蚀性能提高.      

时效处理对Mg-6Zn-0.7Zr-1.7Nd-0.7Cd合金腐蚀性能的影响

采用失重测试和极化曲线分析等方法测试和分析了时效处理对Mg-6Zn-0.7Zr-0.7Cd-1.7Nd镁合金力耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:Mg-6Zn-0.7Zr-0.7Cd-1.7Nd合金挤压后再经时效处理,合金的耐蚀性能降低。     

Microstructures and Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Alloys with Minor Scandium

The microstructures of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr al- loys with minor Sc were studied by using optical microscope（OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM）. The tensile mechanical properties and electric conductivity of the studied alloys under different treatment conditions were tested. The results show that adding minor Sc can greatly fines the grain size of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy ingots and obviously improves the tensile properties and electric conductivity of the alloys. The strengthening mechanism is considered as fine grain strengthening, sub-structure strengthening and dispersion strengthening by Al3 （Sc, Zr）.     

Mg-Al-Pb-Ga-Y海水电池用镁阳极的 成分优化和电化学性能

采用熔炼法制备了一系列Mg-Al-Pb-Ga-0.9Y海水电池用镁合金阳极材料.利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学测试等方法研究了Pb、Ga元素对合金组织和电化学性能的影响.结果表明, 合金的放电电压随Pb含量增加而提高. Pb含量（指质量分数，下同）为5%且Ga的添加量为1%时, 对放电电压的提升效果达到最优，合金在20 mA/cm2和100 mA/cm2电流密度下放电均有较大的放电电压.成分为Mg-3Al-5Pb-1Ga-0.9Y的镁阳极具有更优异的综合性能, 其放电电位最负, 在电流密度为20 mA/cm2和100 mA/cm2下的工作电位分别为-1.723 V和-1.680 V；合金的自腐蚀速率较低, 腐蚀电流密度为5.1164×10-5 A/cm2.      

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloys

The microstructure and tensile properties of the as-cast and solution treatment Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr (x=0, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%) alloys were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-0.5Zr alloy consisted of α-Mg, Zn-Zr, W (Mg₃Y₂Zn₃) and I (Mg₃YZn₆) phases. With the addition of Nd, I-phase disappeared and Mg₃Y₂Zn₃ phase changed into Mg₃(Nd,Y)₂Zn₃ phase. When the content of Nd reached 3 wt.%, T phase, i.e., ternary Mg-Zn-Nd phase, formed. In addition, with the increase of Nd content in the alloys, the secondary dendritic arm spacing decreased, while the amount of intermetallic phases increased. For as-cast Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr alloys, after solution treatment, microsegregation was eliminated and the shape of eutectic structure of α-Mg+W transformed from lamellar into spherical. The tensile strength and elongation of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y- 3Nd-0.5Zr alloy were increased from 219.2 MPa and 11.0% to 247.5 MPa and 20.0%, respectively.     

Role of Alloying Elements in the Mechanical Behaviors of An Mg-Zn-Zr-Er Alloy

The mechanical behavior of the as-extruded and heat-treated Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr and Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr-2Er alloys was investigated and correlated with microstructure evolution. Deformation mechanisms are detailed. No evidence of twinning was observed under compression in the Er-bearing alloy throughout the grain size range of ~5 to 27 μm at a strain rate of 0.001 or 1/s. The compressive yield strength followed a Hall–Petch relation with a slope of ~10.3 MPa/mm^1/2. Er played a major role in the pyramidal 〈c+a〉 slip that was identified as a dominant plastic deformation mechanism. The CRSS for 〈c+a〉 slip system was greatly reduced and was 98 MPa in the as-extruded alloy. While it did not change the mechanical response of the Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr-2Er alloy, annealing was found to promote dissolution of Zn in the Mg matrix, leading to an increase in CRSS for extension twinning in the heat-treated Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy. As a result, twinning was only observed under a higher strain rate of 1/s in compression. The CRSS for extension twinning for the heat-treated alloy with a grain size of ~28 μm was estimated to be 40 MPa, a bit lower than that for the Er-bearing alloy of the same grain size, which was 42 MPa.     

含锶钪2099型铝锂合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能

采用维氏硬度计(HV)、金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)显微分析技术,研究了一种锶钪复合微合金化2099型铝锂合金(其化学成分为:Al-2.57Cu-1.86Li-1.31Zn-0.420Mg-0.321Mn-0.0735Zr-0.0943Sr-0.0433Sc)的晶间腐蚀性能和剥落腐蚀性能。结果表明,该合金经均匀化退火处理(475℃×24 h)、热锻压变形加工处理(三次变形量均约为100%)、固溶处理(540℃×2 h)、冷水淬火(水温大约5℃)、T8时效处理(121℃×14 h+151℃×48 h)后,合金显微硬度值达到174.6 HV,比2024-T6合金(固溶处理500℃×2 h+时效处理191℃×12 h)高23.1%。合金具有良好的抗晶间腐蚀性能和抗剥落腐蚀性能,其抗腐蚀性能明显优于2024-T6合金。该合金Sr,Zr,Sc的复合微合金化作用(细化粗大第二相、抑制再结晶和晶粒长大),第二相分散、分布不连续,以及Zn的含量高,是合金抗腐蚀性能高的主要原因。研究结果还说明了微量复合添加对铝锂合金具有奇效微合金化作用的过渡族金属元素Sr,Sc,是得到抗腐蚀性能良好的铝锂合金的一种有效途径。     

Effects of yttrium on recrystallization and grain growth of Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr alloy

Recrystallization and grain growth in Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr and Mg-4.9Zn-0.9Y-0.7Zr alloys as a function of temperature on deformation were investigated with regards to hot rolling and annealing. The influence of yttrium addition on the microstructure was examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results indicated that yttrium addition promoted nucleation of recrystallization during hot rolling process. The grain size of Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr alloy samples grew significantly with annealing temperature （300-400 ℃） and holding time （0-120 min）, while the microstructure of the alloy with yttrium addition remained unchanged and fine. The activation energy of grain boundary migration for Mg-4.9Zn-0.9Y-0.7Zr alloy samples （56.34 kJ/mol） was higher than that for Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr （42.66 kJ/mol） owing to the pinning effect of Y-containing particles. The proposed growth models of recrysta/lized grains for the two studied alloys conformed well to E. Robert＇s grain-growth equation. Besides, the ultimate strength and yield strength of the alloys with yttrium addition were improved with good plasticity.     

稀土元素Sm对Mg-Zn-Y合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

制备了Mg-6Zn-1.5Y-0.8Zr-xSm(x=0,1,2,3)系列合金,研究了稀土元素Sm对Mg-6Zn-1.5Y-0.8Zr合金组织结构和力学性能的影响.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、EDS、XRD等观察和分析了合金的微观形貌和组织结构,测量了合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率等力学性能.结果表明:合金中添加稀土元素Sm后晶粒有了明显的细化,随着Sm元素含量的增加,晶粒细化效果更为明显;通过XRD分析,添加Sm元素后,合金中并没有出现新的含Sm的物相,通过扫描电镜和EDS分析表明,合金中加入的Sm置换了部分Y,形成了Mg3( SmY)2 Zn3,Mg3( SmY) Zn6的相结构,Sm元素对Y的置换主要出现在Mg3( SmY) Zn6结构当中,在Mg3 (SmY) Zn6相结构出现较少;力学性能测试结果表明,随着Sm含量增多,合金晶粒细化,细晶强化作用明显,合金屈服强度逐渐增大,而抗拉强度和伸长率在Sm含量为2％时达到最大,比未添加Sm元素时提高约15％以上.     

Mg-5Gd-3Y-0.8Zr合金的微观组织及耐NaCl溶液腐蚀性能研究

系统研究了Mg-5Gd-3Y-0.8Zr合金的微观组织和耐蚀性能,通过静态失重法测定了其在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率。结果表明:铸态合金主要由基体α-Mg和方块状β相(Mg_5Gd、Mg_(24)Y_5)组成,时效处理后分布在晶界处的共晶β相数量明显增加;在NaCl溶液中腐蚀12 h以后镁合金的腐蚀速率明显增加,在3.5%Na Cl(质量分数)溶液中腐蚀24 h后,镁合金已被严重腐蚀,表面布满腐蚀坑和未脱落的白色腐蚀产物;镁合金易产生沿晶腐蚀,方块状共晶β相颗粒可有效阻止表面腐蚀沿晶界向镁合金内部扩展,从而提高镁合金的耐蚀性。     

冷却速度对Zn--5 Al--0.1 RE--x Si合金显微组织及耐蚀性能的影响

运用扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪、X射线衍射、盐雾实验、电极化曲线等手段,研究冷却速度和Si对Zn-5Al-0.1RE合金组织及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金由先析出的η-Zn和η-Zn+α-Al共晶组织组成,前者均匀分布在相邻的η-Zn+α-Al共晶胞的边界上.降低冷却速度和Si的加入,均使Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金单位面积的晶粒增大,晶界减少,合金耐蚀性能提高.Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金耐蚀性能的差异与合金凝固组织及合金腐蚀产物中Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O和ZnO的相对量有关.      

Effects of Alloying Elements on Creep Properties of Mg-Gd-Zr Alloys

The minimum creep rate and microstructures of aged samples of Mg-Gd-Zr alloys, with and without alloying additions of Zn and/or Y, have been investigated in the present work. The creep tests were performed at 523 K (250 °C) and under 80 to 120 MPa, and the microstructures before and after creep tests were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the high-angle annular dark-field imaging technique. It is found that dislocation creep predominates in the steady-state creep stage for all alloys. The Mg-2.5Gd-0.1Zr (at. pct) alloy, strengthened by the β′ precipitates, has minimum creep rates in the range 1.0 × 10^?8 to 3.8 × 10^?8 s^?1 under 80 to 120 MPa. The addition of 1.0 at. pct Zn to the Mg-2.5Gd-0.1Zr alloy reduces the 0.2 pct proof strength and increases the minimum creep rate, resulting from the formation of γ′ basal plates at the expense of β′ precipitates. The replacement of 1.0 at. pct Gd by Y in the Mg-2.5Gd-1.0Zn-0.1Zr alloy leads to a substantial reduction in the minimum creep rate, even though it does not cause much change to the 0.2 pct proof strength. The reduced minimum creep rate is attributed to a much lower diffusivity of Y atoms than Gd in the solid magnesium matrix. An increase in the Gd content from Mg-1.5Gd-1.0Y-1.0Zn-0.1Zr to Mg-2.5Gd-1.0Y-1.0Zn-0.1Zr leads to a denser distribution of precipitates, a higher 0.2 pct proof strength, and a further reduction in the minimum creep rate.     

Tensile and Fatigue Behavior of Aluminum Oxide Fiber Reinforced Magnesium Composites: Part II. Alloying Effects

The effect of matrix alloy additions on mechanical properties was examined by comparing the tensile and fatigue properties of commercially pure magnesium and ZE41A (Mg-4.25 Zn-0.5 Zr-1.25 RE) which were both reinforced with FP aluminum oxide fibers. The alloy additions were found to improve the off-axis properties but decrease the axial properties. This was brought about by an increase in the matrix and interfacial strengths and a decrease in the fiber strength. It was also determined that the reaction zone in both materials was MgO and that strengthening of the interface was due to an increased particle size and/or a thicker reaction zone and not to any segregation of alloying elements to the interface.     

Microstructure and Properties of Mg-10%Al-(0～3%)Di Alloys

The effects of didymium(Nd:Pr=3:1)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10%Al alloy were studied with the additions of 0～3%Di. The small block-like Al2(Nd,Pr) phase appears in 1%Di alloy, the block-like Al2(Nd,Pr) and needle-like Al11(Nd,Pr)3 phases appear synchronously in 2%Di and 3%Di alloys, while the network of (Mg17Al12) β phase is broken up. The tensile properties can be improved with the addition of didymium. When the addition of didymium in Mg-10%Al alloy reaches 2%, the alloy exhibits the best combination of strength and ductility, but the strength and ductility drop at the addition of 3%Di due to the obvious increase of the size and quantity of the needle-like Al11(Nd,Pr)3 phase.     

时效工艺对Al-11Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.15Zr铝合金性能的影响

Al-11Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.15Zr铝合金自然时效的速度慢,且不稳定,故一般不在自然时效状态下应用.为了获得更高的强度、较好的抗蚀性、较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速度以及性能的稳定,该系合金一般采用人工时效处理.热处理工艺参数主要包括固溶处理温度、固溶处理时间、时效温度、时效时间.本实验研究了时效工艺对Al-11Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.15Zr铝合金性能的影响,旨在摸索Al-11Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.15Zr铝合金的合理热处理工艺.     

热处理和挤压对WE53镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

为提高WE系列生物镁合金的力学性能,采用重力铸造法制备了Mg-5Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr （质量分数,WE53）镁合金,并对铸态合金进行了固溶处理（T4）,固溶＋时效处理（T6）和挤压加工.利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了合金的显微组织,并利用拉伸试验机和显微硬度计测试了合金室温力学性能.结果表明,铸态合金屈服强度为130 MPa,伸长率为10.2%,T6处理可显著提高铸态合金的强度和硬度,降低合金的伸长率;挤压变形明显提高合金的强度和硬度,伸长率与铸态相当.通过适当的热处理和挤压变形可显著改善WE53镁合金的力学性能.     

Structural Analysis,Electrochemical Behavior,and Biocompatibility of Novel Quaternary Titanium Alloy with near β Structure

This article analyses the microstructure, electrochemical behavior, and biocompatibility of a novel Ti-20Nb-10Zr-5Ta alloy with low Young’s modulus (59 GPa) much closer to that of bone, between 10 and 30 GPa, than Ti and other Ti alloys used as implant biomaterial. XRD and SEM measurements revealed a near β crystalline microstructure containing β phase matrix and secondary α phase, with a typical grain size of around 200 μm. The corrosion behavior in neutral Ringer solution evidenced: self-passivation behavior characterizing a very resistant passive film; an easy passivation as a result of favorable influence of the alloying elements Nb, Zr, and Ta that participate with their passive oxides to the formation of the alloy passive film; low corrosion and ion release rates corresponding with very low toxicity. In MEM solution, the novel alloy demonstrated very high corrosion resistance and no susceptibility to localized corrosion. Biocompatibility was evaluated on in vitro human osteoblast-like and human immortalized pulmonary fibroblast cell (Wi-38) lines and the new Ti-20Nb-10Zr-5Ta alloy exhibited no cytotoxicity. The new Ti-20Nb-10Zr5Ta alloy is a promising material for implants due to combined properties of low elastic modulus, very low corrosion rate, and good biocompatibility.     

Effects of substitution of Nd in a sand-cast Mg-2.5Nd-0.6Zn-0.5Zr alloy with x wt.% Sm(x=2.5, 4, and 6)

The microstructures and mechanical properties of a series of sand-cast Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloys under ascast, solution-treated and peak-aged states were thoroughly investigated. The OM, XRD, SEM and HRTEM were employed to characterize the microstructural evolution. The results indicate that substitution Nd in the conventional Mg-2.5 Nd-0.6 Zn-0.5 Zr alloy with different contents of Sm has comparative grain refinement effect and will fully change the dominant intermetallic phase. In addition, the substituted alloys perform clearly higher strength with comparative ductility at both as-cast and peakaged conditions and much greater aging hardening response than the referential alloy. It is obvious that the strength increments of this alloy are attributed to the changes of the eutectic intermetallic particles on grain boundaries.     

Effect of phosphorus modification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DC cast Al-17.5Si-4.5Cu-1Zn-0.7Mg-0.5Ni alloy

Direct chill (DC) casting of an Al-17.5Si-4.5Cu-1Zn-0.7Mg-0.5Ni alloy with minor additions of Zr, V and Ti was performed and the effect of phosphorus modification on the solidification microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the addition of phosphorus refines the primary Si crystals remarkably but coarsens the eutectic Si in the DC cast billets. In the samples taken in 1/2 radius region of the billets of 100 mm in diameter, the average size of the primary Si particles in the unmodified alloy is 38 μm, while that in the modified alloys range from 13 to 26 μm, depending on the melt treatment time. The AlP particles as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the primary Si crystals were observed in the center of the primary Si particles. In the modified alloy, the achieved ultimate tensile strength is 320MPa and 433MPa respectively in the as-cast state and T6 state. The size of the primary Si particles is critical for the improvement of the mechanical properties of the alloy.     

Corrosion Resistance of Zr-1Nb Alloy in Lithium Hydroxide Aqueous Solution

The corrosion resistance ofZr-1Nb alloy was compared with that of Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe and Zr-4 alloys, and the ef fect of hydrochemistry on the corrosion resistance of Zr-1Nb alloy was discussed. Experimental results show that niob ium oxide is partly soluble in LiOH aqueous solution. Therefore, when Zr-1Nb alloy is corroded in LiOH aqueous sol ution, a soluble niobate produced by the reaction between the corrosion products of β-Nb particles and LiOH results in the formation of pores in the zirconium oxide films and causes the degradation of the corrosion resistance ofZr- 1Nb alloy tested in LiOH aqueous solution.