DETERMINATION OF HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN WET POROUS MEDIA USING THEPARAMETER ESTIMATION METHOD

1.INTRODUCTIONtheheatandmoisturetransportpropertiesinwetporousmediaareessentialdatatodealwithmanyengineeringproblemsandarealsooneofthemostimportantresearchobjectivesinthefieldofheatandmasstransferinwetporousmedia.Althoughmanymethodshavebeendevelopedtoanalyzetheheatandmoisturetransportpropertiesinwetporousmedia,theexistingdataoftheheatandmoisturetransportpropertiesaresodeficientthatthedatacannotmeettheneedsfortheoreticalresearchandengineeringapplicationsbecauseofthecomplexityintheheatandmas…     

SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF THE HEAT AND MASS DIFFUSIVITIES IN UNSATURATED MOIST SOILS USING CONSTANT HEAT FLUX METHOD

The simultaneous measurement of the heat and mass diffusivities in unsa-turated moist soils is presented by use of constant heat flux method. By integrating the analytical solutions of the equations governing the heat and mass transfer process in a one-dimensional semi-infinite moist soil sample under condition of constant heat flux with the measurement data of the temperature and the moisture content fields in the soil sample, the heat and mass diffutivities of the soil sample are obtained. The experimental results show that the developed method is timesaving and can determine the heat and mass diffusivities in a moist soil through only one test, resulting in significant advantages in practical applications. This method has potential applications to the determination of heat and mass diffusivities in moist soils and may provide a new way for the fast and accurate measure-ment of the heat and mass diffusivities in moist soils and other unsaturated wet porous media.     

A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING LOCAL MOISTURE CONTENTS IN MOIST POROUS MEDIA

A new instrument was developed for measuring the local moisture content in moist porous media based on the needle-type capacitance sensor and single-chip microprocessor technique. The working principle, the structure and characteristics of the hardware and software of the instrument were presented. The dynamic response characteristics and reliability of the instrument were experimentally determined. As an example, the instrument was employed to measure the heat and mass transport properties of a moist porous material. The experimental results show that the instrument can be used for measuring the local moisture content in moist porous media and would be an effective tool for determining the heat and mass transport properties in moist porous media.     

基于分形理论的非饱和土多相流相对渗透系数模型

相对渗透系数是描述非饱和土水力特性的重要参数之一,然而在传统非饱和土相对渗透系数研究中着重研究了湿润相的渗流特性,而非湿润相的渗流特性研究较少。为研究非饱和土壤多相流运移特征,将土壤孔隙简化为一簇服从分形定律的迂曲毛细管,通过建立液相与气相在多孔介质中的输运特征模型,结合Young-Laplace方程与Buckingham-Darcy定律得到了非饱和土的液相与气相的相对渗透系数模型。该模型仅包含2个参数,其物理意义明确且均可通过试验测得。最后通过8组试验数据对提出的模型进行验证,结果表明提出的模型可较好地描述非饱和土多相渗流特征,验证了其合理性与适用性。     

降雨入渗过程的水-气二相流模型研究

本文根据多孔介质中水、气的质量守恒定律，结合多相流理论，建立了求解饱和-非饱和渗流的水-气二相流数学模型，并采用积分形式的有限差分法和NewtonRaphson迭代方法进行数值求解，提出了各种边界条件，包括水相、气相和降雨入渗边界的数学处理方法。利用上述模型对土柱试验进行模拟，将计算结果与试验数据比较，验证了模型的正确性；然后对土质边坡降雨入渗过程进行计算，得到孔隙水压力、孔隙气压力和毛细压力的变化过程，其变化规律符合实际，实现了降雨入渗的水-气二相渗流过程，为定量研究空气阻力对入渗水流的影响提供有效途径。     

Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Composite Porous Media

The method of composite porous media with mini-longitudinal channels at the surface and with beads packing between plates was put foward to improve the integated performance of flow and heat transfer in porous media. The experimental results in the corresponding porous media were reported and analyzed. The experiments indicate that with proper matching of the particle diameter dp, the mini-channel width w, the channel depth d and the distance between plates δr the heat transfer in the composite porois media is enhanced and flow resistence reduced compared with those of no mini-longitudinal channels at the surface. So this is an effective method to improve the integrated performance of flow and heat transfer in porous media.     

岩石节理非饱和渗流特性研究

根据岩石节理非饱和渗流试验所测定的节理排泄和吸湿过程，探讨了节理非饱和渗流机理，提出了基于节理概率分布的毛细压力与饱和度的解析模型以及节理非饱和水力传导度的理论表达式. 研究表明，单节理非饱和渗流特性与二维非均质多孔介质具有一定的相似性，本文提出的有关模型可作为确定岩石节理非饱和渗流参数的基本方法。     

CAPILLARY PRESSURE-SATURATION RELATIONSHIPS IN ROCK FRACTURE

Understanding and quantifying unsaturated flow through fractures in rocky slope is important for design and construction of drainage system in large-scale hydraulic engineering. The data of the hysteretic relationship between capillary pressure and water saturation are primary for simulating unsaturated flow in fractures and analyzing the stability of high rocky slope. The drainage and imbibition curves are measured for a single fracture in granite sample got at construction site of the Three Gorges Project (TGP). The method used in this study for measuring the capillary pressure-saturation relationship , under the conditions of no normal load to rock sample, is generally following the laboratory technique developed by Reitsma and Kueper. A distinct entry pressure, indicating rise to initiate nonwetting phase invasion, was observed. The drainage curve is found to be well represented by van Genuchten porous media capillary pressure function.     

多孔建筑材料毛细吸水过程研究进展综述

毛细吸水作为水分在非饱和建筑材料中的主要传输方式,是影响结构长期性能(如耐久性)的关键因素。从试验研究和理论分析两个方面,论述了多孔建筑材料毛细吸水过程研究的进展和最新成果。在试验研究中,将吸水率(sorptivity)定义为累计吸水量曲线的斜率。采用该参数的优点是便于实验室测量,通过吸水率的测量预测分析水分在材料中的传输过程。理论分析的主要困难是准确确定水分扩散系数的解析表达式,这是对非线性水分扩散方程进行求解的前提。本文综合论述了几种求解非线性扩散方程的近似解析方法,最后给出了需要进一步研究的内容和方向。     

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.with mass transfer through porous media： Effect of irrotational viscous pressure

This paper studies the effect of the irrotational viscous pressure on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of the plane interface of two viscous and incompressible fluids in a fully saturated porous media with mass and heat transfers across the interface. In the earlier work, the instability of the plane interface of two viscous and streaming miscible fluids through porous media was studied by assuming that the motion and the pressure are irrotational and the viscosity enters the normal stress balance. This theory is called the viscous potential flow theory. Here, we use another irrotational theory in which the discontinuities in the irrotational tangential velocity and shear stress are eliminated in the global energy balance by considering viscous contributions of the irrotational pressure. The Darcy-Brinkman model is used in the investigation and the stability criterion is formulated in terms of a critical value of the relative velocity. It is observed that the heat and mass transfer has a destabilizing effect on the stability of the system while the irrotational shearing stresses stabilize the system.     

COMPOSITE MODELING APPROACH AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINANTS FROM LAND-DISPOSAL SITES

1 .　INTRODUCTIONThecontaminationofsoiland groundwatersystemsandtheadverseeffectsofthecontamina tionoftheseresourceshavebecomeamatterofconsiderableconcern .Thetransportofcontami nantsinsoilandgroundwaterisacompositionofcomplexchemicalandhydraulicphenomena .Dur ingthepastdecadesmuchattentionhasbeengiventothetheoryandmodelingofcontaminanttrans portinsaturatedsoil (Davidetal.1996 ;Bouchard1988;Brusseauetal .1989) .Thisdevelopmenthasbeenacceleratedandincreasedduetothedifficultyandhighcostsof…     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON SORET-EFFECT AND DUFOUR-EFFECT FOR DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE NATURAL CONVECTION IN POROUS ENCLOSURE

The influences of Soret effect and Dufour effect on the natural convection and heat and mass transfer for a porous enclosure were investigated by means of the penalty finite element method. Numerical results indicate that the Soret and Dufour effects have significant influences on heat and mass transfer in the presence of large temperature gradient and concentration gradient.     

Thermal instability and heat transfer of viscoelastic fluids in bounded porous media with constant heat flux boundary

A numerical simulation is performed for thermal instability and heat transfer of viscoelastic fluids in bounded porous media under the bottom constant heat flux boundary condition. The results for six different combinations of relaxation and retardation times demonstrate the existence of the thermal instability induced flow bifurcation. It is found that the increase of the relaxation time can enhance the heat transfer efficiency by disturbing the fluid flow and facilitating the bifurcation. The increase of the retardation time can stabilize the flow and postpone the bifurcation, leading to simpler flow pattern and lower heat transfer rate.     

底部加热的复合多孔介质热-流耦合场非线性特性

针对非线性流动传热受底部加热模型骨架的影响及分叉、震荡点的非线性解析解难求的问题,采用数值模拟及实验的方法对底部加热的复合多孔介质热流耦合传热过程进行数值求解和温度测试。构建底部加热的复合多孔介质热-流耦合传热的三维模型;采用SIMPLE算法对控制方程组进行QUICK格式离散求解,并在底部加热实验台上对测点进行温度采集。在小Ra工况下,揭示了复合多孔介质内存在热流分布分层特性及确定了非线性分叉、震荡解的特征值。数值结果表明:热流场分布对初始场依赖敏感,低Ra情况下三维腔体内热流场表现出稳定的二维性质;与单层多孔介质相比,复合多孔介质内存在热流分布分层的非线性特性;非线性分叉、震荡点对应的临界Ra依赖复合多孔介质骨架高度比,高度比越大(强导热、高阻力多孔介质区所占高度越大),静态分叉及震荡所对应的临界Ra越小,越早表现出分叉、震荡等非线性特性;改变复合多孔介质内高度比可以重新优化热流场分布,实现削弱或强化传热。     

NATURAL CONVECTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER BY THE COUPLING OF TEMPERATURE CRADIENT AND CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IN A POROUS MEDIUM

ＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＣＯＮＶＥＣＴＩＶＥＨＥＡＴＡＮＤＭＡＳＳＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＢＹＴＨＥＣＯＵＰＬＩＮＧＯＦＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＣＲＡＤＩＥＮＴ　ＡＮＤＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＩＯＮＧＲＡＤＩＥＮＴＩＮＡＰＯＲＯＵＳＭＥＤＩＵＭ￥ＣｈｅｎＢａＯ－Ｍｉｎｇ；Ｆ...     

生物降解处理地下有机污染物的模型研究

本文综合多学科的研究结果，阐明了多孔介质中有机污染物和细菌微生物运动的形式，规律及其相互作用。采用二重孔隙介质模型，给出在裂隙含水层中建立其运动方程组与推导孔隙及裂隙交界面上交换关系的原则。以好氧菌及厌氧菌共存系统为例，得出具体的控制方程系统和交换关系式，并进行了数值模拟，得到了有用的结果。     

STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF UNSATURATED FLOW WITH THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

Stochastic approaches are useful to quantitatively describe transport behavior over large temporal and spatial scales while accounting for the influence of small-scale variabilities. Numerous solutions have been developed for unsatu-rated soil water flow based on the lognormal distribution of soil hydraulic conductivity. To our knowledge, no available stochastic solutions for unsaturated flow have been derived on the basis of the normal distribution of hydraulic conductivity. In this paper, stochastic solutions were developed for unsaturated flow by assuming the normal distribution of saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K,). Under the assumption that soil hydraulic properties are second-order stationary, analytical expressions for capillary tension head variance (σh2) and effective hydraulic conductivity (Kii*) in stratified soils were derived using the perturbation method. The dependence of σh2 and K," on soil variability and mean flow variables (the mean capillary tension head and its temporal and sp     

基于热示踪的饱和层状介质水热参数反演

多孔介质的水热运移参数是影响介质中水热运动过程的主要因素。本文基于热示踪方法,开展了稳定流场条件下饱和层状石英砂的热示踪实验,分别采用热电偶与热成像两种方法测定了砂箱内部和表面的温度,同时结合HYDRUS模型的反问题算法对层状石英砂的水热运移参数进行了反演。研究结果表明:当介质中存在细粒夹层时,热成像图像能反映非均匀流场中热流峰面在分层界面处出现的"收束"现象;层状介质中的细颗粒夹层可导致热流锋面沿水流方向迁移速率下降、热量沿垂直于水流方向运移范围加大、温度分布更均匀。同时对于热源持续输入的系统,热成像温度在前期能较好的反映层状介质对水流运动的影响。将热示踪与HYDRUS模型相结合可较好地用于反演介质水热运移参数,反演所得的饱和导水率估值随粒径的减小显著降低,纵向热弥散度随粒径的减小而增大,而横向热弥散度变化趋势与之相反;纵横弥散比变化范围在10~120之间,且纵横弥散比随粒径减小而逐渐增大。对细砂饱和导水率的估计不足及热量损失是造成水流通量估计误差的主要原因,在模拟模型中增加细砂层测点数量可显著降低水流通量的估计误差。本研究可为非均质介质中水热迁移过程模拟与参数反演提供相应的方法。     

运用温度示踪法确定稳定入渗补给速率

开展不同水位埋深条件下的地中渗透仪入渗实验,分析包气带温度场变化规律及其控制因素,进而采用多层介质热传导解析方程评价入渗补给速率,探讨了温度示踪法评价包气带入渗补给问题的适用性。结果表明:气温控制包气带温度场整体特征,其对温度场的影响随深度增加逐渐减弱。水位埋深影响土壤含水率,控制包气带介质比热,决定了温度场波动性。灌水改变介质热导率从而影响包气带温度场;灌水量小且灌水温差小,灌水本身的热状态对温度场的影响可以忽略。水位埋深浅时,基于多层介质热传导解析方程的入渗补给速率评价结果更为准确,旱季相对雨季,评价结果准确性整体更高;浅部包气带含水率波动性强是造成评价误差的重要原因,选取更短的评价周期和更深的计算剖面可相对提高评价结果准确性。含水率在时间尺度上的波动是温度示踪法在非饱和带应用的难点及关键。     

干湿交替诱导含重金属细颗粒物在多孔介质中释放迁移的作用机制

为探究含重金属细颗粒引起土壤重金属污染的形成机制,以矿渣为对象,采用柱试验,研究了干湿交替诱导含重金属细颗粒在多孔介质中释放迁移的特征与机制。结果表明：干湿交替显著促进了粒径在342～955 nm的矿渣颗粒的释放迁移,该促进作用由3种作用机制联合引起,且与落干期时长有关,而与干湿交替次数和落干期排列顺序无关;释放迁移的矿渣颗粒在石英砂多孔介质中发生了累积,落干时间越长,累积质量越高,累积质量随介质深度的增加而减少,累积颗粒的粒径分布随介质深度无明显变化。细颗粒的释放迁移是含重金属细颗粒引起土壤重金属污染的主要原因,固应对干湿交替下含重金属细颗粒的环境行为给予重视。