Adaptive reuse of traditional Chinese shophouses in government-led urban renewal projects in Hong Kong

Conservationists and government authorities acknowledge that adaptive reuse of historic buildings contributes to urban sustainability. Traditional Chinese shophouses are a major historic building typology found in the old districts of Asian cities. In Hong Kong, the few remaining shophouses are generally deteriorating and are increasingly under threat of demolition for urban renewal. However, adaptive reuse of these buildings has created many social concerns. In light of these concerns, evaluating adaptive reuse potential needs to incorporate a much broader sustainability framework than simply physical building conditions. This study examines the extent to which obsolescence, heritage value and redevelopment pressures have affected the adaptive reuse of shophouse intervention in government-led urban renewal projects. Interestingly, the results based on adaptive reuse potential find no consistent relationships among the adaptive reuse actions of eight cases in urban renewal districts of Hong Kong. Instead, the question of revitalizing shophouses is determined by whether they are within an urban renewal redevelopment plan. This study further explores the broader urban sustainability framework reflected in eight case studies of shophouse revitalization in three renewal districts. It includes a qualitative synthesis of the social, environmental, economic, and political considerations contributing to the adaptive reuse of shophouses in urban renewal.     

旧城衰败片区高密度开发改造中的历史保存与延续——以北京大吉片区改造为例

针对当前我国大城市传统街区快速衰败的现状,以及历史保存与高密度开发的矛盾.结合北京南城大吉片区改造项目,探讨未划入保护区范围内的旧城区改造的适宜方法。     

城市历史文化空间网络的建构——以宁波老城为例

在快速城市化的今天,需要用新的理念和方法处理城市历史文化遗产的保护问题.本文通过对宁波老城历史资源的整理和历史轴线的梳理归纳,将点、线、面3个层面的历史资源和历史资源轴线进行叠加和整合,初步构建城市的历史文化空间网络,形成由城市绿色廊道、开放空间,历史建筑及文化小品等组成的历史文化空间网络体系.     

上海的历史风貌保护与城市形象塑造

优秀历史建筑和历史文化风貌区是上海重要的城市文化遗产,它们既是城市历史文化的积淀和投影,又是构成城市地域特色的文化景观。在分析上海历史风貌形成过程及其主要特征的基础上,探讨历史文化风貌区保护在现代生活中的意义和作用,以及如何通过制度创新解决风貌保护所面临的问题。提出在建设国际化大都市的过程中,必须重新认识历史风貌的多重价值,将其作为城市发展不可或缺的资源,提升城市魅力和保持社区活力的根基,创新城市规划设计的源泉。     

Historic Preservation Policy and Regime Politics in Atlanta

Stone and others described historic preservation policy in Atlanta as a failure because of the inability of preservation advocates to participate effectively in the governing regime. Yet in 1989, Mayor Andrew Young approved a comprehensive new preservation ordinance that reflected a shift in priorities by the city's business and political leaders to recognize the importance of preserving and reusing older buildings. The enactment of this new preservation‐based redevelopment policy was the result of a process of social learning by Atlanta's regime participants. This research examines the development of the new historic preservation policy, its effects on neighborhoods and commercial areas, and its connections to regime theory. Rather than being a failure, historic preservation policy in Atlanta succeeded in balancing the interests of developers, property owners, and preservation advocates.     

以介休后土庙为例探讨文物保护规划中历史环境保护的研究

后土庙是位于山西省介休市旧城内的一所国家级文物保护单位,由于受到城市新建设的发展影响,历史环境及相邻保护单位之间联系日益受到破坏。本文探讨了如何解决好整体历史环境控制与旧城改造之间的关系,并如何通过对市内各文物保护单位环境控制的建议,以达到介休旧城整体历史环境的保护的目的。     

经济价值观对微观尺度城市形态的影响研究——以广州地铁一号线上盖物业的开发为例

广州是一座拥有超过2200年建城历史的文化名城。过去三十年的时间（1978～2008）里,广州的经济社会在经历改革开放的洗礼过程中,发生了快速的发展。其中旧城区的城市形态也由于旧城改造和更新而发生了剧烈的变化,这种由经济活动而引起城市形态变化的结果是令人触目的,同时这种现象所带来的社会和环境的变化也备受关注。尤其是这种微观尺度下特别地段的城市形态变化所引起的旧城格局中的新旧两种不同秩序的对比,非常强烈。文章试图以1990年代以来旧城区的改造中,广州地铁一号线上盖物业的开发为例,从经济价值观的角度入手,对微观尺度下城市形态的变化过程作一个初步的分析,以期对旧城改造或历史城区的保护和更新产生一定积极的意义。     

Greenways and the making of urban form

One aspect of greenways which is exciting popular interest in the US is the durability of nineteenth-century parkways and park systems to stitch together fragmenting cities and urbanizing areas. What the Olmsteds, Cleveland, Eliot and Kessler achieved in their regional open-space plans can be the model for a new version of Howard's ‘town/country’ in which greenways/ greenbelts/greenspaces together make a comprehensive ‘green’ infrastructure.Some of the literature and the highlights of historic greenway planning and design in the US are reviewed. Their adaptation to current projects is illustrated through a series of case studies of gradually increasing scale—villages, towns, cities and regions. Such common strategies as ‘green’ streets, parks and playgrounds structuring walkable neighborhoods, intra-neighborhood parkways connecting town/city districts, and regional park systems protecting natural areas for recreation/conservation still confer similar social, economic and environmental benefits. Whether Pedestrian Pockets or Co-housing, expanding historic settlements or preserving the countryside, planning new ‘urban villages’ or neo-traditional towns, greenways can be powerful makers and shapers of urban form at both macro- and micro-scales.     

Affordable housing in National Register districts: recognizing the advantages of historic urban neighborhoods in Louisville and Covington,Kentucky, USA

This paper draws attention to the public policy opportunities created by the spatial characteristics of urban historic districts. Using the Kentucky cities of Louisville and Covington as case studies, the research uses geographic information systems (GIS) to demonstrate that Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) units developed in historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places are closer to libraries, transit stops, parks, and schools than are LIHTC units developed in ‘non-historic’ areas of these cities. The findings are particularly relevant for policy-makers adopting a neighborhood-oriented approach to improving the quality of affordable housing, and for those seeking strategies for bringing new life to declining urban areas.     

我国历史街区保护与规划的若干问题研究

在回顾我国历史街区保护的发展历程的基础上总结分析其中的经验教训和形成原因 ;同时分析了历史街区保护与整治规划的特点 ,指出历史街区风貌保护与建筑保护更新的几个问题 ;最后结合实例分析提出了我国历史街区的规模范围核定标准     

『形』与『神』--城市特色街区的四种模式

以街区为单位来体现一个城市的建筑特色,是实现城市特色的一种有效途径.文章结合实例和评论,总结了建设城市特色街区的四种模式,即:历史街区保护中可以采取的"形神兼备"的整体保护模式,或保留"形"而重塑"神"的改造保护模式;以及通过旧城改造新建特色街区,可以采取的求"形似"或求"神似"的不同思路.     

新型城镇化背景下的南京历史文化名城保护

目前,南京历史文化名城保护工作仍处在十分复杂的状态:一方面,经过30年来的努力,其保护规划技术体系日趋完善;另一方面,在现实中又面临城市现代化发展与旧城更新的诸多压力。亟需我们在新型城镇化背景下,走出专业部门、专家精英主宰的现状,由单纯的技术层面转向更为宏观的社会经济层面,从多维视野探索历史文化名城保护的思路、策略与途径。论文正是基于这一观点,总结了前三版南京历史文化名城保护规划编制工作的发展历程,分析了南京大规模发展与旧城结构调整的现实背景,讨论了历史文化保护工作中存在的问题及成因,并从新型城镇化城市文化传承的角度,就南京历史文化名城的地位作用、格局保护、疏散政策以及保障机制等方面提出新的规划应对建议。     

日本风景认知与景观保护体系的发展脉络

梳理日本风景认知形成与发展的历程,揭示日本景观保护体系经历了名胜、风致地区与美观地区、国立公园与风致保安林、历史风土、历史街区、文化景观、《景观法》、联合国教科文组织提出的城市历史景观等不同的发展时期。不同时期使用的关键语汇、技术手段反映了在民族意识觉醒和世界潮流的影响下,日本对风景的认知在不断进化发展。正是在认知不断发展的基础上,日本的景观保护制度才得以持续更新与进步。然而,因风景认知本身的文化根源所导致的问题与差别依然存在,日本未来推进景观保护工作和完善保护体系仍然面临挑战。     

治愈城市伤口——德国德累斯顿新市场街区的修复与重建

德累斯顿市有800年的历史。数世纪以来,新市场区都是城市的中心,最具标志性的圣母教堂坐落其中,许多巴洛克时期的重要建筑环其四周。在1945年的英军轰炸中,新市场区曾被摧毁。通过对战后该区域的修复与重建工作的调查研究,分析其过程、理念、措施以及最后的成果,探索它们对历史建筑保护修复工作的启示。     

北京西四北历史文化街区平房院落能源性能综合研究

作为集中连片体现历史风貌的精华地 区,历史文化街区整体保护与平房院落更新改 造的冲突日益显著。近年来,北京相继出台历史 文化街区与平房院落保护更新的条例与导则, 取得一定成效,但如何在满足居民生活需求与 意愿的前提下,用最小干扰的设计手法进行平房 院落的成套化改造,成为当前老城平房院落更 新的议题。本文以北京市西四北历史文化街区 二条3号院改造为例,采用调研法、文献法和计 算模拟法对该地区平房院落建筑形制、院落热 环境和建筑围护结构进行定性与定量分析,为 当前平房院落改造提供风貌保护与居住改善需 求上的平衡,具有重要现实意义。     

The sustainability cycle of historic houses and cultural memory: Controversy between historic preservation and heritage conservation

Historic preservation and heritage conservation are two mainstream concepts related to the sustainability and renewal of historic houses. With the aim of enhancing the sustainability of historic houses, this article criticizes the view of historic preservation that insists on preserving historic houses with their old appearances, which does not fully develop their sustainability. In contrast, the article provides support for the view of heritage conservation that aims to promote the sustainability of historic houses and related legislation. In the second and third parts, this article examines the theoretical origin of historic preservation, which emphasizes and summarizes the one-way protection of cultural memory via historic houses. In the fourth part, the article turns to heritage conservation, highlights the sustainable cycle between historic houses and cultural memory, and underlines the advantages of this sustainable cycle. In the fifth part, this article presents a sustainable approach to heritage conservation and related legal safeguards by taking the renewal of historic houses in China's Bagua Village (or “Eight Diagrams Village”) as an example. In the last part, this paper summarizes the theoretical value, practical value and limitations of this article. The findings can facilitate the UN's sustainable development of social inclusion, economic growth, and environmental protection to promote the heritage legislation and policy of present and future generations.     

城市交通环境影响公众意向调查实例分析

以南京市为例,就城市交通对城市居民的出行环境、居住环境以及历史文化名城保护等方面影响进行了公众意向调查。分析结果表明：城市居住环境污染中,交通污染所占比重最大;临街５０ｍ内是交通噪声侵害最严重的范围;汽车废气是居民出行过程中遭受最深的污染;在发展城市交通的同时,应根据历史古迹的价值采取相应的保护措施。     

历史城市天际线对当今城市建设制约性研究——以新疆自治区喀什市为例

新疆自治区喀什市在历史发展过程中,逐步形成了极具地区和民族特点的城市轮廓线形态。本文力图通过对喀什历史城市天际线的分析,揭示其在城市建设发展过程中的重要作用,以及对历史老城区、新旧城衔接区、新开发城区的各种社会变迁因素的重要影响。它将对老城区保护和新城区建设的规划布局、分层限高起到积极的指导作用。顺应当地的城市天际线关系,是当今城市改造中应该注意协调的重要城市背景因素之一。     

重庆历史街区分级保护策略

历史街区是城市遗产的重要类型,其价值和保存状况具有较大差异,然而我国目前采用的是同一性的认定标准和保护方法,难以适应历史街区的有效保护和科学发展。在当前快速城市化的现实条件下,对历史街区采取分级保护的策略是协调历史街区保护和城市社会经济发展的有效途径。运用历史遗产保护的基本理论,通过对重庆主城19个历史街区深入调查,提炼出历史街区的评价指标,建立历史街区评价体系;在此基础上确定历史街区分级标准,并对重庆历史街区进行分级,探讨各级历史街区的保护方法。     

类型学思路在历史街区保护与更新中的运用——以上海老城厢方浜中路街区城市设计为例

从城市设计过程中类型学思路的运用为出发点,对上海老城厢方浜中路街区城市设计过程进行分析研究,尝试一种关于历史风貌区保护与更新的概念和方法.