尼龙6/高岭土复合材料的非等温结晶行为研究

用差示扫描量热法研究了尼龙6/高岭土复合材料的熔融结晶行为,并用Jeziorny法、Ozawa法、Mo法对复合材料的非等温结晶动力学进行研究。结果表明,3种高岭土的加入均使复合体系的熔融峰变窄,熔点增加;结晶峰温和结晶起始温度提高,结晶速率增大;高岭土填料起到异相成核作用;Jeziorny法、Mo法均适合分析尼龙6及复合体系的非等温结晶动力学过程,而Ozawa法不适合。     

PBT蓄能发光复合材料非等温结晶动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法研究非等温条件下环形对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)反应性挤出加工所制聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)蓄能发光复合材料的结晶行为,分别采用Ozawa,Jeziorny及Mo方程拟合分析复合材料的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明:采用Ozawa及Jeziorny方程所获拟合曲线均不成线性;Mo方程可很好地描述PBT蓄能发光复合材料的非等温结晶过程,拟合所得PBT复合材料的单位时间里体系到达结晶度时的降温速率(F(T))值均较纯PBT的低,且粉体质量分数为15%时,其F(T)值最小,表明加入发光粉体可加速体系的结晶过程,然而在高降温速率下,较高浓度的发光粉体反而会降低体系的结晶速率。     

纳米CaCO3对FEP非等温结晶动力学的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚全氟乙丙烯（FEP）/纳米碳酸钙（nano-CaCO3）复合材料,利用差示扫描量热法研究了FEP及其复合材料的非等温结晶行为,并通过Avrami方程修正的Jeziorny法、Ozawa法以及Mo法对其非等温结晶动力学进行了处理分析。结果表明,Jeziorny法及Mo法均适用于处理FEP和FEP/nano-CaCO3的非等温结晶过程,但Ozawa法不合适;在同一降温速率下,FEP/nano-CaCO3复合材料的初始结晶温度、最大结晶温度均比相应的纯FEP高,且半结晶时间延长,这说明nano-CaCO3对FEP具有一定的诱导和促进成核的作用,但由于FEP/nano-CaCO3复合材料的长链分子结构及大的空间位垒导致FEP的结晶总速率下降。     

PA6/HBPA共混物的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6/含磷超支化聚酰胺(PA6/HBPA)共混物。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)考察了该共混物的非等温结晶行为,并利用改进Avrami方程的Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和Mo法对DSC测试结果进行了非等温结晶动力学分析。结果表明:当HBPA用量为2%时,PA6基体的结晶度和结晶速率均有所提高,而进一步增大HBPA用量则会对PA6的结晶产生阻碍作用,致使结晶速率降低。另外,Ozawa法不适于描述PA6/HBPA共混物的非等温结晶动力学,Jeziorny法则仅适用于PA6/HBPA的结晶初期和中期,而Mo法很好地描述了PA6/HBPA共混物的非等温结晶行为,因而可用于PA6/HBPA的非等温结晶动力学分析。     

POM /TPU共混物非等温结晶动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC}研究了不同冷却速率下聚甲醛( POM)以及POM/热塑性聚氨酷弹性体(TPU)共混物的非等温结晶过程,分别采用Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和Mo法进行处理。结果表明:随着冷却速率的增大,POM及其共混物的结晶峰都变宽,结晶峰值温度(Tc)都降低;在相同冷却速率下,POM /TPU共混物的Tc。较纯POM有所提高;Jeziorny法和Mo法处理非等温结晶过程比较理想,而由于次级结晶的存在Ozawa法并不适用;Jeziorny法和Mo法处理所得的数据表明,TPU的加人能够提高POM的结晶速率,减小半结晶时间(t1/2),并且导致POM的结晶成核和生长发生了改变。     

HDPE和HDPE/SBR TPV非等温结晶行为的研究

采用动态硫化法制备了高密度聚乙烯/丁苯橡胶热塑性硫化胶(HDPE/SBR TPV);通过差示扫描量热法研究了HDPE和HDPE/SBR TPV非等温结晶动力学行为,并利用Avrami, Ozawa和Mo等技术探讨了两者非等温结晶机理。结果表明,HDPE和HDPE/SBR TPV非等温结晶行为均可采用Jeziorny和Mo技术修正的Avrami动力学方程描述;与HDPE相比,HDPE/SBR TPV具有相对较高的结晶起始温度和结晶速率。     

PA6/硫酸钙晶须复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法研究了PA6/硫酸钙晶须复合材料的非等温结晶行为,通过Jeziorny法分析并计算得到复合材料非等温结晶过程的相关参数。结果表明,硫酸钙晶须的加入改变了PA6复合材料的非等温结晶行为,少量硫酸钙晶须(10%)的加入促进了PA6复合材料的结晶。复合材料的结晶分为初期结晶和二次结晶两个阶段,降温速率越大,结晶温度越低,结晶温度范围和结晶速度均增大。Jeziorny法能较好地描述复合材料的初期非等温结晶过程。     

TPU和纳米SiO2改性聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学

采用示差扫描量热法研究PP、PP/TPU、PP/TPU/纳米SiO2复合材料的非等温结晶动力学.采用 Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和莫志深法研究结晶动力学参数.研究发现Ozawa法不适合处理PP及其复合材料的非等温结晶行为,而Jeziorny法和莫志深法则能很好处理.结果表明:TPU和纳米SiO2起到异相成核的作用,使PP的结晶峰温升高,结晶速率加快.TPU和纳米粒子的填充使PP的结晶活化能增大.     

PA11/SiC复合材料非等温结晶动力学研究

通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙11/碳化硅(PA11/SiC)复合材料,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了该复合材料的非等温结晶过程,且采用Avrami方程修正的Jeziorny法和Mo法对其非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,并计算得到相关非等温结晶动力学参数。结果表明:Jeziorny法和Mo法都适用于处理PA11及PA11/SiC复合材料的非等温结晶过程,其分析结果均显示,SiC的加入影响了PA11复合材料的非等温结晶行为,少量(1%)SiC的加入促进了PA11复合材料的成核及晶体生长,提高了结晶速率;由Jeziorny法可知,PA11及其复合材料的非等温过程可分为初期结晶和二次结晶两个阶段,在二次结晶阶段,结晶方式为一维线性、二维盘状和三维球晶生长并存。     

PA 6非等温结晶动力学研究

用差示扫描量热法研究了聚酰胺(PA)6的非等温结晶动力学,并分别用Ozawa法、Jeziorny法和莫志深方程法处理PA 6的非等温结晶行为。结果表明:Ozawa法和Jeziorny法均不能很好地描述PA 6非等温结晶过程;莫志深方程结合Avrami和Ozawa方程,可很好地描述PA 6非等温结晶过程;PA 6的结晶受温度的影响较大,一旦成核,结晶可在短时间内发展得比较完善。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.