自组网中基于自适应波束天线的拓扑控制算法

定向天线自组网拓扑的构建问题比全向天线网络复杂.基于自适应波束定向天线模型提出一种分布式拓扑控制算法,通过调整节点发射功率,改变天线波束的朝向、宽度和增益来构建拓扑.网络中每个节点收集其邻居节点信息,采用功率控制调度策略选择最优相邻节点,并选取覆盖所有最优相邻节点的最小发射功率为此节点的发射功率.算法在保证网络连通性与无向性的同时,降低了节点的发射功率,减小了节点的平均度数,从而降低节点能耗,减少了节点间干扰,提高了网络吞吐量.仿真结果表明,算法显著提高了网络性能.     

Ad hoc网络中应用多波束转换天线的拓扑逻辑控制算法

运用样方统计法推导出保证拓扑图高概率连通的临界邻居数,在此基础上,提出了一种Ad hoc网络中基于邻居数的分布式拓扑控制算法,通过调整网络中各节点的发射功率和选择节点多波束转换天线的朝向来对网络中各节点的邻居数进行控制,使得每个节点在其天线的各个扇区中找到的邻居节点个数等于（或略小于）预先设定的邻居节点个数K。由于该算法中每个节点使用了较低的发射功率,减小了节点间的干扰,提高了整体网络的使用寿命。仿真结果表明：新算法在维护网络高概率连通的同时,保证了节点最小能量特性。     

自适应波束天线自组网拓扑控制算法

定向天线能显著提高无线系统的性能和容量,但采用定向天线的自组网拓扑构建问题比全向天线网络复杂。拓扑控制是一种保证网络连通和性能优化的有效手段。基于自适应波束定向天线模型提出一种拓扑控制算法,确定天线的主波束朝向,调整节点的发射功率构建拓扑。算法在保证网络连通的基础上,利用主波束的高增益,降低了节点的发射功率,从而降低节点能耗;同时利用定向天线方向性强的特点,减少了节点间干扰,提高了网络吞吐量。仿真结果表明,算法显著提高了网络性能。     

一种最大化Ad Hoc网络生存期的拓扑控制算法

如何延长无线自组网生存期是拓扑控制技术研究的重点.根据无线自组网通信的特点,基于目前使用最广泛的网络生存期定义和能耗模型,综合考虑节点的发送和接收功耗,通过分析网络生存期与节点通信距离、电路损耗及节点负载量的关系,得出拓扑控制与网络生存期的关系.在此基础上提出延长网络生存期的分布式拓扑控制算法MLTC.网络中每个节点收集其邻居节点信息,分布式构建具有最长路径生存期特性的局部生成子图,并选取覆盖所有最优相邻节点的最小发射功率为此节点的发射功率.算法在保证网络连通性与无向性的同时,使得节点能用最小功率构建保存了原图最长生存期路径的子图.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,MLTC算法在不同的发送和接收功耗比下均能有效延长网络的生存期.     

无线传感器网络中的分布式平面t-支撑拓扑控制算法

在确保无线传感器网络连通的前提下,每个节点自适应地调整自己的发射功率,通过最小化节点的能耗和减少节点间的通信干扰,达到延长网络生存时间的目的.基于 Voronoi划分和局部Delaunay三角剖分,提出一种新的几何结构PSLDel图(planar symmetric local Delaunay triangulation)以及其分布式构造算法,为无线传感器网络建立连通、稀疏、平面、t-支撑的底层逻辑拓扑,每个节点将依据最远的逻辑邻居调整到最小发射功率.仿真实验表明,PSLDel图在逻辑邻居、最小发射功率和通信干扰等性能方面接近集中式构造的UDel图,而且PSLDel图的网络延迟稍微优于 UDel图;与分布式构造的AUDel图相比,PSLDel图的通信开销至少可以降低55%,从而有利于提高无线传感器网络的能量使用效率.     

基于自适应波束天线的局部优化拓扑控制算法

拓扑控制有助于提高ad hoc网络的性能,采用定向天线的自组网拓扑控制比全向天线网络更为复杂。基于自适应波束定向天线模型提出一种局部区域优化的拓扑控制算法。该算法利用分簇的思想将网络划分为可重叠的多个区域,区域内节点采用最小生成树（MST）的思想确定邻居关系,通过调整节点发射功率,改变天线波束的朝向、宽度和增益来构建拓扑。算法减小了节点的平均度数,降低了节点的发射功率,从而降低节点能耗,减少了节点间干扰,提高了网络吞吐量,仿真结果表明,算法显著提高了网络性能。     

Ad hoc网络中能量有效的QoS拓扑控制算法研究

无线Ad hoc网络中节点电池的能量有限,为了延长节点的牛存时间,必须有效提高电池的利用率.拓扑控制足提高Ad hoc网络能量利用率的一种重要的机制.概述了面向节能的两种基本拓扑控制机制,提出了一种能量有效的Qos拓扑控制算法EEQTC算法.算法在给定平面巾的节点集合以及任意节点对问的QoS需求下,通过计算每个节点的发送功率p,使节点以发送功率p米构建网络拓扑结构,这种拓扑结构小仅能够满足任意节点对间的QoS需求,而且最小化了节点的发射功率,提高了网络的能量使用效率.仿真研究表明,算法生成的网络拓扑结构在满足QoS需求的条件下,有效的减少了节点的能量消耗,提高了网络的能量有效性.     

一种能耗均衡的WSN分布式拓扑博弈算法

无线传感器网络（wireless sensor network,WSN）中通常节点能量受限,节点间能耗不均衡会导致网络生命周期缩短.针对该问题,综合考虑节点的能量效率和能耗均衡,通过引入阿特金森指数设计了一种改进优化的综合效用函数;基于此,建立了一种能耗均衡的拓扑博弈模型,并证明了该拓扑博弈模型是序数势博弈且存在帕累托最优;提出了一种能耗均衡的WSN分布式拓扑博弈算法（DTCG）.通过仿真实验及对比分析表明,相较于其它基于博弈理论的拓扑控制算法,DTCG算法能在保证网络连通性和鲁棒性的前提下,降低节点发射功率,拥有更好的能量均衡性和能量效率,可以有效延长网络生命周期.     

无线传感器网络基于能量效率的分布式拓扑控制

无线传感器网络通过调节节点的发射功率来控制网络的拓扑结构.在满足网络覆盖度和连通度的前提下,剔除节点间不必要的无线通信链路,生成一个高效的数据转发网络拓扑结构.建议-种分布式思想:功率控制机制调节网络中每个节点的发射功率,在满足网络连通度的前提下,减少节点的发射功率,均衡节点单跳可达的邻居数目,从而节省节点的能量,延长网络的生存期.最后的仿真分析结果表明了算法的有效性.     

基于路径损耗的无线传感器网络分布式拓扑控制算法

对无线传感器网络中目前最常用的3种链路度量标准进行分析和比较得出,在满足一定收包率要求时,节点的接收信号强度存在一个最小阈值.考虑接收信号强度作为拓扑构建条件时需节点具备相同发射功率的不足,提出将路径损耗大小作为拓扑构建的条件,设计了一种分布式拓扑控制算法——PLBD.该算法在保证收包率的同时,还使各节点之间的通信保留最小损耗链路.仿真结果表明,PLBD算法构建的拓扑不仅能够保证网络连通性,还具有通信时延低,健壮性好,能量消耗相对均衡的特点.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.