北斗接收机在干扰下的性能研究

通过分析北斗接收机在复杂干扰环境下的性能问题,为抗干扰研究提供了更为专业的理论依据,在卫星导航直接序列扩频通信系统模型的基础上对导航系统在干扰下的误码率、等效载噪比及捕获能力等性能方面进行对比分析,并采用Matlab进行数字仿真。仿真结果表明,窄带干扰比均匀频带干扰对接收机的影响更大,导航信号的性能降低程度与干扰信号带宽及干扰实施的频率等因素有关,导航信号性能改善需要考虑以上多种因素的影响。     

窄带干扰下北斗卫星导航信号性能分析

在介绍近期公布的北斗卫星导航系统空间信号接口控制文件(interface control document)中B1频点QPSK(quadrature phase shift keying, 正交相移键控)调制信号及测距码构成的基础上, 针对窄带干扰对卫星导航信号性能影响问题, 通过建立卫星导航直接序列扩频通信系统模型, 对窄带干扰下的北斗卫星导航系统解扩处理增益、相关解扩处理变化规律、误码性能以及对导航信号等效载噪比的影响进行了分析和数字仿真。仿真结果表明, 窄带干扰下, 导航信号性能降低程度与干扰实施位置、扩频码特性、调制样式等有关, 导航信号的性能改善需综合考虑干扰特性、扩频特性及调制样式等方面的影响。     

北斗B1频点中频信号仿真系统设计

北斗卫星导航系统是我国自主研发的全球卫星导航系统,属全球四大卫星导航系统之一,开展对北斗信号调制体制及北斗信号的研究具有重大意义。由于北斗卫星导航系统目前处于建设阶段,无法满足全球导航的实际应用需求,且基带信号处理中需要的动态航迹及弱信号环境下卫星中频信号不易获取。为解决此问题,通过对北斗B1频点信号体制及实现方式进行研究,对中频信号进行建模,进而对北斗B1频点中频信号仿真系统进行设计实现。仿真系统可完成基于设定卫星、航迹、载噪比、仿真时间的中频信号仿真并保存,为北斗基带信号处理提供可重复使用的中频数据。     

抗干扰兼容型卫星导航接收机设计与仿真

抗干扰兼容型卫星导航接收机既可以使用组合卫星定位系统进行高精度定位,又具有优良的抗干扰性能。其抗干扰性能通过自适应调零天线实现,介绍了系统硬件电路实现,并在相应硬件平台上,采用功率反演算法进行干扰抑制。仿真测试结果表明,自适应调零天线有效地提高了接收信号的信噪比,提高了兼容型卫星导航接收机的应用范围。     

高旋弹卫星导航接收机半实物仿真

半实物仿真是测试卫星导航接收机在高旋外弹道环境条件下工作性能的有效手段。为测试卫星导航接收机在高旋外弹道环境条件下的性能,阐述了二维弹道修正引信实现弹道修正的工作原理和北斗卫星导航接收机的基本工作原理;建立了高旋7自由度弹道模型;设计了半实物仿真系统,编写了仿真模型,并在RT-LAB实时仿真平台上运行;分别在非旋转条件和旋转条件下对卫星导航接收机进行了半实物仿真测试,仿真测试结果显示仿真机数据与弹上机转换后数据曲线重合。实验表明：半实物仿真系统可有效检验高旋炮弹卫星导航接收机功能和准确度。     

卫星导航接收机自动测试系统

为了满足卫星导航接收机整机性能快速、精确测试的需求,实现对导航接收机性能的自动测试,构建了一种基于NI PXI硬件平台,采用导航信号模拟器、虚拟仪器技术和Microsoft Visual Studio 2008软件进行开发的卫星导航接收机自动测试系统。系统实现了多导航接收机的定位精度、冷启动首次定位时间、热启动首次定位时间、捕获灵敏度、速度精度的并行自动测试。良好的人机交互界面与多接收机并行测试的稳定运行,大大缩短了测试时间,提高了测试效率。通过对北斗导航接收机大量测试,结果表明该卫星导航接收机快速测试系统对于导航接收机整机性能并行测试快速、有效。     

基于抗干扰算法FH/DS扩频系统的抗干扰性能研究

论述了FH/DS混合扩频系统抗干扰原理,对混合扩频系统进行设计,在系统接收端分别加入陷波、中值滤波抗干扰算法,在背景噪声为高斯白噪声的情况下,引入单音干扰、多音干扰,对混合扩频系统的抗干扰性能进行验证;在此基础上,针对了FH/DS混合扩频抗干扰系统在不同的干扰环境下的抗干扰能力进行了研究,并在高斯信道下进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,所研究的混合扩频抗干扰系统在信噪比相同的情况和信干比相同的情况下与其它的FH和DS扩频系统相比,取得2dB的性能增益,改善了DS/FH系统的抗干扰性能,大大提高了扩频通信系统的可靠性。     

北斗Ⅱ卫星导航系统星座仿真分析研究

针对北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座中卫星位置不确定问题,改进并完善了正在筹建中的北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座布局,在此基础上仿真分析了我国区域性导航系统以及北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座的多星覆盖、位置精度衰减因子(position dilution of preci-sion,PDOP),给出了覆盖性能、导航定位精度等导航星座系统性能。仿真结果表明,北斗Ⅱ卫星导航系统多星覆盖及PDOP性能相对优于GPS导航星座,尤其适用于我国及周边地区。通过对不同最低仰角下北斗II导航星座及GPS星座多星覆盖变化分析,确定了各星座多星覆盖与仰角的关系以及变化特征,为北斗II导航系统组建工作以及应用终端设计提供了依据。     

水下北斗导航星历及历书无线加注系统设计

为提高北斗卫星导航定位模块的首次快速定位能力,设计了水下北斗导航历书与星历无线加注测试系统。对比分析了不同技术途径的优缺点,给出了系统硬件结构设计方案,对系统发射模块中各电路单元的频率和电平进行了分析和规划,系统核心模块功能采用基于FPGA+ARM的架构实现。通过事先人工加注历书和星历,能有效缩短北斗卫星导航定位模块的首次定位时间。     

GPS/Galileo双模接收机定位精度分析与仿真测试研究

多模卫星导航接收机比单一的卫星导航接收机在可用性和DOP值都有极大改善,但同时双系统之间的互干扰使接收信号的信噪比降低。本文对多模接收机定位精度的改善程度进行了定量分析,并进行了仿真测试验证,研究结果表明:相比单一导航模式,GPS/Galileo双模组合会造成期望信号的载噪比下降,测距误差增大,但它与DOP值的改善定位精度相比影响很小,因此,多模式工作方式下导航接收机的定位精度会有很大提高。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。