沉淀法合成纳米CeO2的晶粒生长动力学

以Ce(NO3)3·6HzO为铈源,(NH4)2CO3·H2O为沉淀剂,并加入一定量表面活性剂PEG4000,采用液相沉淀法制备前驱体Ce2(CO3)3·H2O,前驱体经热处理合成纳米CeO2.根据XRD线宽法研究了纳米CeO2热处理过程的晶粒生长动力学,结果表明随焙烧温度升高,CeO2晶粒尺寸显著增大;300℃下焙烧时间对CeO2晶粒尺寸影响不明显,700℃下CeO2晶粒随焙烧时间延长而长大,且焙烧初期粒径增长较快,超过180 min后增长速率变慢;700℃时CeO2晶粒生长指数为5,即符合5次方动力学方程,晶粒生长速率常数为1.986 5×104 nm5/min;由于纳米尺寸效应,使得CeO2晶粒生长活化能在低温区和高温区不同,低于400℃时为25.64 kJ/mol,高于400℃时为87.64 kJ/mol;认为热处理过程CeO2的晶粒生长为扩散生长机制.     

室温固相反应法制备CeO2纳米晶

采用室温固相反应法制备了CeO2纳米晶.XRD分析表明,所合成的CeO2纳米晶属于立方晶系.TEM分析表明,CeO2纳米粒子呈球形,粒度随焙烧温度的增加而增大.热失重分析表明,样品的热失重主要受温度的影响,而焙烧时间的影响不大.相对密度分析表明,随CeO2纳米晶粒度的增大,粉末的密度略有增加.     

ZnO掺杂纳米CeO2的共沸蒸馏法合成

采用化学共沉淀法结合正丁醇共沸蒸馏处理前驱体合成了ZnO掺杂纳米CeO2颗粒,通过XRD,DSC/TG,IR,TEM,原子吸收光谱以及紫外透过率分析等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征;并根据XRD线宽法,由Scherrer公式计算其晶粒尺寸,研究了共沸蒸馏、ZnO掺杂、以及焙烧温度和时间对CeO2纳米晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:正丁醇共沸蒸馏法能有效脱除前驱体凝胶中的水分,防止干燥和焙烧过程中硬团聚的形成,从而得到粒径更小、分布更均匀、分散性更好的纳米CeO2颗粒;2 mol%～10 mol%掺杂ZnO能与纳米CeO2形成固溶体,且掺入量增加引起纳米CeO2晶粒有所增大;随焙烧温度提高,ZnO掺杂纳米CeO2晶粒显著长大,而高温下随焙烧时间延长,其晶格进一步趋于完整,晶粒尺寸增加;纳米CeO2具有良好的可见光透过和紫外光吸收能力,ZnO掺杂不会影响纳米CeO2的紫外遮蔽效果.     

ZnO掺杂纳米CeO2的共沸蒸馏法合成

采用化学共沉淀法结合正丁醇共沸蒸馏处理前驱体合成了ZnO掺杂纳米CeO2颗粒,通过XRD,DSC/TG,IR,TEM,原子吸收光谱以及紫外透过率分析等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征;并根据XRD线宽法,由Scherrer公式计算其晶粒尺寸,研究了共沸蒸馏、ZnO掺杂、以及焙烧温度和时间对CeO2纳米晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明正丁醇共沸蒸馏法能有效脱除前驱体凝胶中的水分,防止干燥和焙烧过程中硬团聚的形成,从而得到粒径更小、分布更均匀、分散性更好的纳米CeO2颗粒;2 mol%～10 mol%掺杂ZnO能与纳米CeO2形成固溶体,且掺入量增加引起纳米CeO2晶粒有所增大;随焙烧温度提高,ZnO掺杂纳米CeO2晶粒显著长大,而高温下随焙烧时间延长,其晶格进一步趋于完整,晶粒尺寸增加;纳米CeO2具有良好的可见光透过和紫外光吸收能力,ZnO掺杂不会影响纳米CeO2的紫外遮蔽效果.     

块体纳米晶镍的制备及力学性能研究

采用直流电弧等离子体蒸发+预压烧结法制得块体纳米晶镍。对纳米晶镍的晶粒度、孔隙率进行了表征,对其压缩强度、应变速率敏感性及压缩对晶格畸变、晶粒尺寸的影响进行了研究。结果表明,纳米晶镍的晶粒尺寸随烧结温度的升高而增大,725℃烧结时块材相对致密度达97%。压缩强度随晶粒尺寸减小而增大,且与压缩速率成正比;最大抗压断裂强度达到600MPa,表现出较低的加工硬化和良好的塑性压缩形变能力,断口为沿晶断裂;压缩会引起晶格畸变量的减小和晶粒的细化。     

尿素均相沉淀法制备纳米粉体Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9的烧结性能

以尿素为沉淀剂,Sm2O3和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为起始原料,采用均相沉淀法制备Sm3+掺杂CeO2基纳米固溶体Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC)。利用TG-DTA、XRD、SEM和BET等手段对前驱体的热分解行为和SDC粉体的性能进行表征,研究焙烧温度对SDC粉体粒径和烧结性能的影响。结果表明:随焙烧温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;700℃焙烧的前驱体是具有良好结晶性能的类球形萤石型结构固溶体,晶粒尺寸为15 nm,粒子间仅有较弱的软团聚;该粉体具有较好的成型和烧结性能,将素坯在1 400℃保温2 h,得到相对密度高于95%、平均粒径约为0.6μm的固体电解质陶瓷体。     

水热沉淀法合成SnO_2纳米晶

用水热沉淀法合成了不同粒径的 Sn O2 纳米晶 ,属于四方晶系 ,空间群为 P4/ mnm。计算表明 :随焙烧温度的升高 ,Sn O2 晶粒度增大 ;而平均晶格畸变率则随晶粒度的增大而减小 ,表明粒子越小晶格畸变越大 ,晶粒发育越不完整。TEM分析结果表明 :所合成的 Sn O2 纳米粒子基本呈球形 ;随焙烧温度的升高 ,Sn O2 粒子的粒径增大。热失重分析表明 :水热沉淀法所合成的 Sn O2 纳米粉末中杂质含量很少 ,纯度高。     

爆轰对纳米晶体微结构的影响

利用X射线衍射对爆轰法制备的纳米晶粒如二氧化钛和纳米发光粉(SrAl2O4Eu2 ,Dy3 )进行了初步研究.通过比较纳米晶粒的XRD微结构参数(晶粒度、晶面指数(hkl)、晶格常数、晶面间距等)和常规粗晶的差异,以及平均畸变度的计算,定量地揭示了爆轰对纳米晶粒微结构的影响.研究表明,爆轰会对合成的纳米氧化物以及复合氧化物的微结构能产生不同的畸变效应.不同的晶粒尺度,不同的前驱体,产生的晶格畸变呈现各向异性晶格膨胀和收缩现象,如液相混合炸药制备的纳米氧化钛产生的平均畸变度是固相炸药制备纳米氧化钛的1.98倍,甚至达到2.72倍,同时随着晶体粒径的增大,平均畸变度减小;而爆轰法制备的SrAl2O4Eu2 ,Dy3 纳米发光粉,在晶粒度变化不大的条件下,经过600～800 ℃的热处理后却产生了先增大后减小的平均畸变度.     

机械合金化及热处理过程中Ti50C50二元系统的结构演变

使用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究了Ti50C50元素混合粉在机械合金化过程中的结构演变以及热处理对粉体结构的影响,讨论了TiC机械合金化合成机制。研究结果表明,机械合金化合成TiC遵循逐渐扩散反应机制,反应首先形成纳米晶Ti（C）粉体,球磨10h析出TiC,随着球磨过程的进行,TiC的量逐渐增多,品格常数增加,晶粒尺寸降低。球磨80h后,粉体主要由纳米晶TiC构成,晶粒尺寸6nm,但仍有少量的Ti（C）剩余。热处理促进残余的Ti（C）转变成TiC,同时导致TiC粉体晶粒生长,晶粒尺寸增大,晶格畸变程度降低,有序度提高。     

纳米结构锆晶粒尺寸对费米能及费米速度的影响

研究纳米结构锆晶粒尺寸对晶格畸变、费米能和费米速度的影响,并建立晶格畸变、费米能、费米速度与晶粒尺寸之间的关系,计算了锆的晶格畸变率、费米能和费米速度.结果表明,锆纳米化后其晶格畸变表现为膨胀,晶格畸变随着晶粒尺寸的减小而增加,费米能和费米速度随晶粒尺寸的增加而增大.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.