汽车内饰件用聚丙烯材料的研究

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体树脂,(乙烯/辛烯)共聚物(POE)为抗冲改性剂,滑石粉为填料制得了汽车内饰用PP改性料,研究了PP种类及用量、增韧剂用量、滑石粉粒径等对材料性能的影响。结果表明:以PP(K7760)30份,PP(GD320)30份,增韧剂POE(EG8150)18份,填充剂滑石粉(2500目)20份,抗氧剂、偶联剂等助剂2份制得的PP改性料满足汽车内饰件性能的要求。     

晶须与滑石粉填充改性聚丙烯材料的性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)为基料,聚烯烃弹性体(POE)为增韧剂,滑石粉和碱式硫酸镁晶须为增强填料,制备了PP/POE/滑石粉复合材料和PP/POE/晶须复合材料,研究了滑石粉和晶须的含量对密度、弯曲模量、缺口冲击强度、收缩率和热变形温度的影响。结果表明:PP/POE/晶须复合材料的弯曲模量和热变形温度均高于PP/POE/滑石粉复合材料的,而收缩率更低;PP/POE/晶须复合材料的缺口冲击强度低于PP/POE/滑石粉复合材料的。综合材料的拉伸性能和弯曲性能,PP/POE/晶须复合材料中POE最适合的质量份为10。     

高模量高抗冲聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过熔融共混法研究了乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)、滑石粉和高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)的含量对高模量、高抗冲聚丙烯(PP)复合材料力学性能、结晶行为、热分解行为以及相态的影响。结果表明,PP与POE的黏度比越小,PP/POE复合材料的韧性越好;当PP/POE/滑石粉/PE-HD复合材料的质量比为13/4/12/3时,综合力学性能最佳;相比纯PP,复合材料的弯曲模量提高了60.1%,缺口冲击强度提高了435.9%,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别降低了27.4%和17.4%;PE-HD能够增强PP与POE的界面相互作用,提高复合材料的韧性;加入滑石粉和PE-HD均可提高复合材料的起始分解温度以及最大热失重速率温度,提高了复合材料的热稳定性。     

高流动高模量高抗冲聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

研究了弹性体（POE）、滑石粉(talc)、乙撑双硬脂酰胺（EBS）的含量对高流动、高模量、高抗冲聚丙烯（PP）复合材料的力学性能、熔体流动速率、结晶温度、热稳定性以及微观断面结构的影响。结果表明,需要25份POE才能使高流动性共聚PP发生完全脆韧转变;通过熔融共混制备PP、POE、talc复合材料（PP/POE/talc）,当复合材料的质量份数比为80∶20∶40时,制得的PP/POE/talc复合材料的熔体流动速率为22.9 g/10 min、弯曲模量为1 887.7 MPa、缺口冲击强度为31.2 kJ/m2;对比纯PP,其弯曲模量提高了102.2 %,缺口冲击强度提高了217.8 %,弯曲强度提高了2.6 %,拉伸强度降低了15.1 %;添加1份EBS能够同时提高PP/POE/talc复合材料的熔体流动速率与缺口冲击强度。     

低密度高性能聚丙烯材料的制备

以聚丙烯(PP)为基料,碱式硫酸镁晶须(MHSH)为增强填料,聚烯烃弹性体(POE)为增韧剂,制备了晶须/PP复合材料,考查了PP树脂、POE及晶须用量对PP复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当高熔指PP1/低熔指PP2=42/25,均聚PP3用量为质量分数10%,聚乙烯PE用量为质量分数5%,POE用量为质量分数8%,晶须用量为质量分数14%时,制得的PP复合材料的综合力学性能最佳。     

PP/POE/滑石粉复合材料的制备及其在汽车内饰件中的应用

通过分析聚丙烯(PP)和乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)的流变特性,选用熔体黏度相近的材料作为基体,以滑石粉为填料,制备了PP/POE/滑石粉复合材料.研究了螺杆组合、助剂种类对复合材料性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了POE和滑石粉在复合材料中的分散情况,考察了该复合材料在改善汽车内饰件外观中的应用状况.结果表明,合适...     

POE改性PP/共聚PP汽车保险杠专用料的研究

采用聚丙烯(PP)F401为基体树脂,热塑性弹性体POE为增韧剂,共聚PP(EPS30R)作辅助增韧剂,滑石粉作为增强填料,制得性能符合要求的汽车保险杠专用料。研究了POE、共聚PP的用量以及不同目数滑石粉对共混体系性能的影响。结果表明:F401/EPS30R/POE/滑石粉(2500目)质量比为60/20/15/5时,制得的共混料完全满足汽车保险杠专用料的要求。     

滑石粉对聚丙烯微观形态和性能影响

以滑石粉为填料通过挤出机熔融共混制备聚丙烯（PP）/滑石粉复合材料,考察了硅烷偶联剂对滑石粉表面改性前后及添加不同含量的乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE）对共混物力学性能、流变性能和微观形态的影响。结果表明,滑石粉表面改性后可以明显提高PP的缺口冲击强度,当PP/滑石粉质量比为100/10和100/30时,PP/滑石粉（改性）较PP/滑石粉（未改性）复合材料的缺口冲击强度分别提高37.8 %与36.4 %;表面改性后的滑石粉使复合材料的储能模量降低;POE的加入提高了滑石粉在PP基体中的分散性,随着其含量的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高,韧性提高。     

PP/POE/滑石粉汽车保险杠专用料

采用聚丙烯(PP)为基础树脂，POE为增韧剂，滑石粉为增强填料，制得性能符合要求的汽车保险杠专用料。研究了POE和填料的添加量对共混材料性能的影响。当PP／POE／滑石粉质量比为某一适当比时，制得的共混料完全可以满足汽车保险杠的性能要求。     

低收缩率聚丙烯改性料的制备研究

考察了不同类型聚丙烯(PP)的收缩率,研究了无机填料、增韧剂改性PP的性能及其收缩率变化情况。结果表明：不同类型PP的收缩率不同,均聚PP收缩率最大,无规共聚PP次之,抗冲共聚PP最小。当抗冲共聚PP中乙烯含量增加时,其收缩率降低。模塑试样放置0.5～5.0 h以内时,模具温度越高,收缩率越大;随着放置时间延长,PP收缩率继续增大,放置5.0 h以上时收缩率随时间延长变化不大。添加无机填料改性可以降低PP收缩率,与连续玻璃纤维(GF)和短切GF相比,滑石粉改性对降低PP收缩率更有效。聚烯烃弹性体(POE)和茂金属线型低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)具有较好的增韧作用;当滑石粉和mLLDPE质量分数分别为30.0%和15.0%时,采用进口抗冲共聚PP制备的复合材料刚韧综合性能良好,平行和垂直流道方向的收缩率均为0.50%。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.