Cr含量对WC-Co硬质合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用低压烧结技术制备了不同Cr含量的WC-8Co硬质合金,通过XRD、SEM和力学性能测试等手段分析了Cr含量对硬质合金物相、显微结构和合金的力学性能的影响。结果表明,当Cr含量<0.9%时,合金由WC+γ-(WC)相组成,添加量增至0.9%及以上时,组织中出现缺碳相Co3W3C;随着Cr含量的增加,WC晶粒不断细化,当添加量为0.6%时,合金的综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度、维氏硬度及断裂韧性分别为3885MPa、1632.4HV30、9.82MPa.m1/2。     

活化元素Co对Mo-Cu合金组织和性能的影响

采用机械合金化制备Mo-18Cu复合材料,利用SEM、XRD和万能试验机研究了Co含量对Mo-18Cu合金的相对密度、力学性能、断口形貌组织、导热和导电性能的影响。试验结果表明,活化元素Co的添加降低了Mo-18Cu合金的烧结致密化温度100℃,增加了合金的相对密度、抗弯强度及硬度,但导电和导热性能降低。含Co 2.0wt%Mo-18Cu合金在1250℃烧结2h获得较好的综合性能,合金的相对密度、抗弯强度、硬度、电阻率和热导率分别为99.1%,960 MPa,69 HRA,2.06×10-7Ωm和142 W.m-1.K-1。显微组织为均匀细小的网络结构。     

晶粒长大抑制剂VC对原位生成WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷的影响

为细化WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷晶粒,改善其组织,提高其力学性能,以WC、TiB_2和Co粉末为主要原材料,采用真空液相原位反应烧结工艺,在1 400℃真空烧结炉中制备了WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷.利用FE-SEM、EDS和XRD等技术,研究了不同含量的晶粒长大抑制剂VC对WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷组织、物相构成、硬度、密度、耐磨性及抗弯强度和断口形貌等性能的影响.结果表明:添加适量的VC能有效细化WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷晶粒,使得材料获得更均匀细小的微观组织,增加材料韧性和断口不平整性,增强材料抗弯强度,并且提高硬度、密度和耐磨性;当VC的质量分数增加到0.9%时,金属陶瓷的晶粒平均尺寸可细化到约1.3μm,硬度随之升高到91.5 HRA,抗弯强度达到794 MPa;但VC的质量分数继续增加到1.2%、1.5%时,其硬度、密度、耐磨性及抗弯强度均会有所降低.     

微波热效应陶瓷材料性能研究

采用常压烧结法合成了Fe2O3-莫来石微波热效应陶瓷材料,并对材料的抗弯强度、抗热震性能及介电性能进行了研究.结果表明,随烧结温度由1250℃升高至1350℃,烧结样品中残留的刚玉相减少,微波热效应陶瓷材料的体积密度、抗弯强度显著增大,相对介电常数随Fe2O3含量增加而增大,气孔率适中.在最佳烧结温度1350℃,氧化铁含量为30％,莫来石理论含量为70％条件下,制备的微波热效应陶瓷材料的体积密度为2.185g/cm3,抗压强度为77MPa,相对介电常数适中,满足微波热效应陶瓷性能要求.     

TiC含量对碳纤维编织物增韧的WC-TiC-Ni层状陶瓷刀具性能的影响

采用真空热压烧结技术,在1 500℃下制备了不同TiC含量的连续碳纤维编织物增韧的WC/TiC层状陶瓷刀具样品。研究了TiC的含量对连续碳纤维编织物增韧的WC/TiC层状陶瓷刀具材料微观组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明,随着TiC含量的增加,陶瓷刀具材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧度和硬度不断减小;当TiC含量为20%(质量分数)时,材料的致密度较高,晶粒尺寸较小,因此力学性能较好;此时,抗弯强度为516.896 MPa,断裂韧度为8.3871 MPa·m~(1/2),硬度为17.341GPa。     

微波和真空烧结制备La2O3掺杂Al2O3透明陶瓷

通过共沉淀法制备La2O3掺杂Al_2O_3纳米粉,粉体经压制后分别采用微波和真空烧结制备Al_2O_3透明陶瓷。结果表明:Al_2O_3粉末颗粒大小均匀,近似球形,为40~60nm;两种烧结方式制备的试样XRD图中均为α-Al_2O_3,未检测到其它相。La2O3掺杂量为1%时,随烧结温度升高,两种烧结方法得到的Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度均呈上升趋势,且微波烧结陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度明显高于真空烧结。1500℃烧结时,随La2O3掺杂量的增加,Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度均先增大后减小,当La2O3掺杂量为1%时,Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度均最大。微波烧结陶瓷的透光率明显高于真空烧结,且其断口晶粒比真空烧结明显细少。     

烧结温度对粉末冶金法制备Co-Cr-W合金性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法在真空条件下制备Co-CrW硬质合金,研究了不同烧结温度(1 250,1 300,1 350,1 400,1 450,1 500和1 550℃)90 min保温时间对合金的微观结构、硬度和抗弯强度的影响,分析其致密化行为变化规律。结果表明,烧结温度在1 250~1 450℃范围内,随着温度的升高,材料的孔隙不断减少并球化,材料的密度、硬度和抗弯强度不断增加,在1 450℃密度达到最大值(8.75g/cm3),硬度和抗弯强度同时达到最佳状态,分别为63.1HRC和382 MPa。当烧结温度超过1 450℃时晶粒粗化,出现过烧现象,材料的性能开始下降。当烧结温度达到1 550℃时合金试样发生严重变形。     

SPS法制备WC弥散强化铜的工艺研究

采用平均颗粒度为76um的电解铜粉，添加体积百分含量分别为3％，5％，10％，20％的WC，混粉后利用压力机采用500MPa的压力进行压制，然后利用放电等离子烧结设备（简称SPS）在750℃下进行烧结，并研究了烧结体的密度、硬度和显微组织。结果表明：烧结温度选择在750℃时，WC含量为3％时，所得弥散强化铜的烧结整体性能最好。WC对铜基体的弥散强化作用明显，随着WC含量的增加，试样的相对密度逐渐减小，硬度逐渐增加。     

稀土Lu2O3对氮化硅陶瓷性能的影响

以稀土氧化物Lu2O3作为单一添加剂,研究了稀土氧化物的添加量对氮化硅在相变过程密度、力学性能的影响规律.指出了氮化硅粉体的α→β相变率与稀土氧化物的添加量、粉体的热处理温度之间的关系.研究表明:加入Lu2O3添加剂后,β-Si3N4相的比率随着温度的升高呈明显上升趋势,当热处理温度达到1750℃时,β-Si3N4相的比率几乎接近或达到100％.随着Lu2O3含量的增加,在烧结过程中所形成的液相量随之增多,相对密度随之提高.随Lu2O3添加量的增加,试样的抗弯强度也增大,在10％时达到峰值,抗弯强度为1259.90MPa;氮化硅陶瓷的硬度随Lu2O3添加量的变化规律与抗弯强度的变化规律相似.Lu2O3含量在10％时,试样的断裂韧性值达到最大,为6.277MPa·m1/2.     

烧结保温时间对超粗晶WC-10Co硬质合金微观结构及性能的影响

超粗晶WC-Co硬质合金因耐磨性高和韧性好成为研究的一个热点,而致密度和晶粒的控制是获得优异性能的关键.采用轻度球磨法获得添加超细WC的复合粉末,通过真空烧结制备平均晶粒尺寸为8.3～8.8μm的超粗晶WC-10Co硬质合金,研究烧结保温时间对致密度、WC晶粒及力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着烧结保温时间从30 min增至120 min,致密度先增加后下降,Co在合金表面聚集氧化并使内部孔隙增多,部分WC晶粒聚集形成异常晶粒,这些缺陷结构阻碍了孔隙的消除;超细WC和球磨破碎细WC的先后溶解析出,使WC平均晶粒度先增加后减小,晶粒分布变宽.当烧结保温时间为60 min时,曲面类球状WC部分通过台阶生长机制转变为性能友好型的圆边六棱柱晶粒,抗弯强度和冲击韧性达到最高,分别为1733 MPa和28 kJ·m-2.此外,烧结过程中部分晶粒中原生缺陷难以完全消除,而较长的烧结保温时间下,多种缺陷的增多降低合金性能.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.