Detection of quadratic phase coupling from human EEG signals using higher order statistics and spectra

Interactions among neural signals in different frequency components have become a focus of strong interest in biomedical signal processing. The bispectrum is a method to detect the presence of quadratic phase coupling (QPC) between different frequency bands in a signal. The traditional way to quantify phase coupling is by means of the bicoherence index (BCI), which is essentially a normalized bispectrum. The main disadvantage of the BCI is that the determination of significant QPC becomes compromised with noise. To mitigate this problem, a statistical approach that combines the bispectrum with an improved surrogate data method to determine the statistical significance of the phase coupling is introduced. The method was first tested on two simulation examples. It was then applied to the human EEG signal that has been recorded from the scalp using international 10–20 electrodes system. The frequency domain method, based on normalized spectrum and bispectrum, describes frequency interactions associated with nonlinearities occurring in the observed EEG.     

Robust Volterra Filter Design for Enhancement of Electroencephalogram Signal Processing

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings often experience interference by different kinds of noise, including white, muscle, and baseline, severely limiting its utility. The recent research has demonstrated that discrete-time Volterra models can be successfully applied to reduce the broadband and narrowband noise. Their usefulness is mainly because of their ability to approximate to an arbitrary precision any fading memory system and their property of linearity with respect to parameters, the kernels coefficients. The main drawback of these models is their parametric complexity implying the need to estimate a huge number of parameters. Numerical results show that the developed algorithm achieves performance improvement over the standard filtered algorithm. This paper presents a Volterra filter (VF) algorithm based on a multichannel structure for noise reduction. Several methods have been developed, but the VF appears to be the most effective for reducing muscle and baseline noise, especially when the contamination is greater in amplitude than the brain signal. The present study introduces a new method of reducing noise in EEG signals in one step with low EEG distortion and high noise reduction. Applications with different real and synthetic signals are discussed, showing the validity of the proposed method.     

基于最大信噪比盲源分离的脑电信号伪迹滤波算法

心电和眼电伪迹是脑电信号中最常见的干扰,本文提出一种基于最大信噪比盲源分离的伪迹滤波算法.该算法以分离矩阵为变元建立源信号的信噪比目标函数,寻找能使目标函数达到极大(或极小)值的分离矩阵,进而通过分离矩阵求得估计信号.算法的实施过程是,首先利用小波变换去除在原始脑电信号中的部分噪声,然后用基于最大信噪比盲源分离的伪迹滤...     

Extracting Epileptic Feature Spikes Using Independent Component Analysis

In recent years, blind source separation （BSS） by independent component analysis （ICA） has been drawing much attention because of its potential applications in signal processing such as in speech recognition systems, telecommunication and medical signal processing. In this paper, two algorithms of independent component analysis （fixed-point IC,4 and natural gradient-flexible ICA） are adopted to extract human epileptic feature spikes from interferential signals. Experiment results show that epileptic spikes can be extracted from noise successfully. The kurtosis of the epileptic component signal separated is much better than that of other noisy signals. It shows that ICA is an effective tool to extract epileptic spikes from patients＇ electroencephalogram EEG and shows promising application to assist physicians to diagnose epilepsy and estimate the epileptogenic region in clinic.     

GFDM系统中基于随机滤波器分配的降低PAPR算法

广义频分复用(GFDM)作为5G 的备选波形,具有很多OFDM 所没有的优点,但是依然具有较高的峰值平均功率比(PAPR)。从不同滤波器的相频特性不同入手,提出了一种新的降低GFDM 系统PAPR 的算法(RAF-GFDM)。该方法根据GFDM系统可以灵活选择滤波器结构的特点,通过对每路子载波随机分配不同的滤波器,调整信号叠加时的相位一致性,且不引起信号的畸变,从而有效抑制PAPR。理论分析和仿真结果证实,提出的算法在降低PAPR时没有增加额外的计算成本,且对误比特率(BER)几乎没有影响,因此具有更高的实际应用价值。     

脑电逆问题的延时相关阵子空间分解算法

 根据头表观测电位反演脑电源的空间信息是脑电研究中的一个重要问题.本文提出了脑电逆问题的延时相关阵子空间分解算法.通过在三层同心球头模型上,与现行延时为零的相关阵子空间分解算法的对比研究表明,该方法能更好的压制空间相干噪音,显示了一定的应用前景.     

基于相位一致性变换的红外图像区域匹配算法研究

由于红外图像具有高噪声、低分辨率的特点,这使得在红外图像中使用基于区域的匹配方法很难取得较好的视差图.在分析了经相位一致性变换后图像的特征后,提出了一种基于区域的匹配方法.即先对图像进行相位一致性变换,再利用变换后图像进行区域匹配.试验结果表明,相位一致性变换后的新图像,噪声得到了较好的抑制,特征更加明显.对变换后的图像采用区域匹配的方法,可以得到较好的匹配效果.     

基于数据选择Householder多级维纳滤波导航接收机空时抗干扰方法

针对抑制GPS信号中期望信号方向的冲激毛刺干扰影响问题,对Householder多级维纳滤波方法进行改进,提出一种数据选择Householder多级维纳滤波器.改进方法用于GPS信号空时抗干扰处理中,可以避免期望信号方向的冲激毛刺干扰对最优权值计算的影响,同时保持期望信号不受影响.仿真结果验证了算法良好的抗干扰性能.     

ICA去除EEG中眼动伪差和工频干扰方法研究

眼动伪差和工频干扰是临床脑电图(EEG)中常见噪声,严重影响其有用信息提取.本文尝试采用独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)方法分离EEG中此类噪声.通过对早老性痴呆症(Alzheimer disease,AD)患者临床EEG信号(含眼动伪差和混入工频干扰,信噪比仅0dB)作ICA分析,比较了最大熵(Infomax)和扩展最大熵(Extended Infomax)ICA算法的分离效果,证实虽然最大熵算法可以分离出眼动慢波,但难以消除工频干扰,为此需采用扩展的最大熵算法;并知ICA方法在极低信噪比时也有较好的抗干扰性,且在处理非平稳信号时有好的鲁棒性;文中还结合近似熵(approximate entropy,ApEn)分析说明利用ICA去除干扰后有助于恢复和保持原始EEG信号的非线性特征.研究结果表明ICA方法在生物医学信号处理中具有潜在的重要应用价值,值得深入研究和推广.     

Perceptual image quality assessment using phase deviation sensitive energy features

Full reference image quality assessment (FR-IQA) algorithms aim to establish generic measures of perceptual image quality independent of distortion types. Recent developments in FR-IQA have marked the use of phase congruency features. Phase congruency is a dimensionless, normalized feature calculated from the log-Gabor energy of the image, equipped to be relatively insensitive to noise variations due to calculation of noise circle. The underlying assumptions on the nature of the noise used in this calculation affect the performance of phase congruency based FR-IQA measures. In this work, we (a) test the hypothesis that using the phase deviation sensitive energy features obtained from the log-Gabor filtered image instead of the noise adjusted, normalized phase congruency features will improve the general applicability of an FR-IQA measure, (b) reduce execution time by omitting noise circle calculation and (c) study how the modifications in parameter values, changes the correlation between the subjective scores and objective image quality values. Experiments on six benchmark databases suggest the effectiveness of the proposed method which improves over the existing phase congruency based algorithms, achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art methods and delivers the best average performance across all databases in terms of prediction monotonicity and accuracy.     

应用相位一致性评价多光谱遥感图像条带噪声

条带噪声是影响多光谱遥感图像质量的重要因素之一,严重影响遥感数据的解译和信息提取。提出一种应用相位一致性进行多光谱遥感图像条带噪声质量评价的方法。该方法不受图像亮度或对比度变化的影响,以频域中相位一致性探测图像特征点,综合考虑图像中条带噪声的数量、长度、宽度和强度建立评价因子,客观评价遥感图像中存在的条带噪声对图像质量的影响。实验证明该方法评价结果符合人眼视觉感官评价。     

SSB Phase Noise Evaluation of Analog/IF Signals on Standard Digital ATE

This paper presents a low-cost solution for the evaluation of frequency-domain phase noise characteristics for analog/IF signals. The technique is based on 1-bit signal acquisition with a standard digital channel of an Automated Test Equipment (ATE) and a dedicated post-processing algorithm that permits to reconstruct the time-domain phase fluctuations of the analog/RF signal from the captured binary vector. Single SideBand (SSB) phase noise is then obtained based on FFT applied on the reconstructed phase fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate a very good agreement between SSB phase noise obtained using the proposed digital method and the conventional analog method on a large range of measurement frequency offset. The digital method also permits spur detection and exhibits similar performance than the conventional method in terms of measurement variability. The technique is also validated through hardware measurements on a practical case study, i.e. SSB phase noise evaluation on the 1.3125 MHz sinusoidal signal delivered by the transceiver of a JN5168 wireless microcontroller.     

Decomposition of multiunit electromyographic signals

We have developed a comprehensive technique to identify single motor unit (SMU) potentials and to decompose overlapped electromyographic (EMG) signals into their constituent SMU potentials. This technique is based on one-channel EMG recordings and is easily implemented for many clinical EMG tests. There are several distinct features of our technique: 1) it measures waveform similarity of SMU potentials in the wavelet domain, which gives this technique significant advantages over other techniques; 2) it classifies spikes based on the nearest neighboring algorithm, which is less sensitive to waveform variation; 3) it can effectively separate compound potentials based on a maximum signal energy deduction algorithm, which is fast and relatively reliable; and 4) it also utilizes the information on discharge regularities of SMU's to help correct possible decomposition errors. The performance of this technique has been evaluated by using simulated EMG signals composed of up to eight different discharging SMU's corrupted with white noise, and also by using real EMG signals recorded at levels up to 50% maximum voluntary contraction. We believe that it is a very useful technique to study SMU discharge patterns and recruitment of motor units in patients with neuromuscular disorders in clinical EMG laboratories.     

Epileptic seizure predictability from scalp EEG incorporating constrained blind source separation

Most of the methods for prediction of epilepsy recently reported in the literature are based on the evaluation of chaotic behavior of intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. These recordings require intensive surgical operations to implant the electrodes within the brain which are hazardous to the patient. Here, we have developed a novel approach to quantify the dynamical changes of the brain using the scalp EEG. The scalp signals are preprocessed by means of an effective block-based blind source separation (BSS) technique to separate the underlying sources within the brain. The algorithm significantly removes the effect of eye blinking artifacts. An overlap window procedure has been incorporated in order to mitigate the inherent permutation problem of BSS and maintain the continuity of the estimated sources. Chaotic behavior of the underlying sources has then been evaluated by measuring the largest Lyapunov exponent. For our experiments, we provided twenty sets of simultaneous intracranial and scalp EEG recordings from twenty patients. The above recordings have been compared. Similar results were obtained when the intracranial electrodes recorded the electrical activity of the epileptic focus. Our preliminary results show a great improvement when the epileptic focus is not captured by the intracranial electrodes.     

基于相位叠合的不变特征提取

文中给出一种适应于图像多种特征（阶跃边缘,线条,屋脊边缘以及马赫带等）的特征提取方法。这种方法利用图像傅里叶分量在特征点叠合次数最多的概念（相位叠合）,利用相位叠合来标记特征点比用工方法有明显优点：相位叠合是一种无量纲的量,而且对图像的亮度或对比度是不变的,因此它能提供对特征点的绝对度量。实验证明,相位叠合提取特征对图像的照度（或对比度）以及可能出现的噪声是不变的。     

基于AR模型的小波变换在脑电信号消噪中的应用

提出了基于自回归模型(ARM)与小波变换的脑电信号分析方法,并利用他来消除脑电信号中的噪声干扰。小波变换是一种多分辨率的时间尺度分析方法,他能够将信号划分为不同频段的子带信号。根据小波变换的这一特性,对采样获得的脑电信号进行各尺度分解及消噪分析,并给出了各尺度分解结果及消噪结果。利用小波变换能有效去除脑电信号中的噪声干扰。     

Improved surface laplacian estimates of cortical potential using realistic models of head geometry

Surface Laplacian of scalp EEG can be used to estimate the potential distribution on the cortical surface as an alternative to invasive approaches. However, the accuracy of surface Laplacian estimation depends critically on the geometric shape of the head model. This paper presents a new method for computing the surface Laplacian of scalp potential directly on realistic scalp surfaces in the form of a triangular mesh reconstructed from MRI scans. Unlike previous methods, this algorithm does not resort to any surface fitting proxy and can improve the surface Laplacian estimation of cortical potential patterns by as much as 34% on realistically shaped head models. Simulations and experimental data are presented to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method over the conventional spherical approximation and the utility of a more accurate surface Laplacian method for estimating cortical potentials from scalp electrodes.     

一种基于保角相位的图像边缘检测新方法

为了提高边缘检测精确度与抗噪性能,该文提出一种基于保角相位的图像边缘检测新方法。该方法首先利用保角单演信号能够表达不同本征维数的图像局部结构的特点,采用指数函数计算相位偏差,有效地抑制了相位一致模型边缘检测中产生的伪边缘和噪声,提高了边缘检测的精确度;其次,利用Poisson核在空域中有解析表示的优势,降低了算法复杂度。仿真实验结果表明,与现有的相位一致性图像边缘检测方法相比,该方法提取的图像边缘更精确、更完整、更均匀,对噪声具有更好的鲁棒性,同时,计算复杂度较低。     

S模式交叠信号的PA分离算法性能分析

为了提升高密度信号背景下对S模式应答的接收能力,投影算法(PA)在阵列接收的基础上采用投影技术分离S模式交叠信号,因其具有良好的稳定性和实用性而成为经典的信号分离方法。首先,分析了PA算法针对的问题在各种空中流量密度下的发生概率;其次,在PA算法的基础上推导了交叠信源数检测与信号到达方向的关系,进一步分析了信号到达角(DOA)与噪声增益之间的关系,并说明了信号DOA对分离后的信号解码的影响;最后,以均匀线阵(ULA)为例仿真说明了信号DOA对信源数检测、噪声增益的影响。结果表明,对于两个S模式交叠的情况,PA算法在六阵元ULA下可以达到80%以上的检测成功率,并有较好的分离效果。