纤维增强复合材料层板高速冲击损伤数值模拟

推导了复合材料应变率相关三维本构关系, 并将其用于复合材料层板高速冲击损伤的数值模拟。该模型在复合材料层间引入界面单元模拟层间分层, 结合三维Hashin失效准则进行单层板面内损伤识别, 引入材料刚度退化, 采用非线性有限元方法, 研究了复合材料层板高速冲击的破坏过程及层板的损伤特性。数值分析结果表明, 剩余速度预报结果与实验结果吻合较好, 层板的主要损伤形式是层间分层、 基体微裂纹和纤维断裂, 减小弹体直径、 增大铺层角度和层板厚度能够有效降低层板损伤面积。      

纤维增强复合材料层板高速倾斜冲击损伤数值模拟

根据复合材料三维黏弹性本构关系,建立了纤维增强复合材料层板高速倾斜冲击损伤的数值分析模型.该模型在复合材料层间引入界面单元模拟层间分层,结合三维Hashin失效准则进行单层板面内损伤识别,引入材料刚度折减方案,采用菲线性有限元方法,研究高速倾斜冲击下复合材料层板的破坏过程和损伤特性.研究结果表明:层板的主要损伤形式是层间分层、基体微裂纹和纤维断裂;冲击速度不变而入射角度增大时,剩余速度减小,层板损伤面积在一定入射角度范围内有明显变化;入射角度不变而冲击速度增大时,剩余速度增大,层板损伤面积在一定速度范围内也有明显变化.     

纤维增强复合材料层板高速倾斜冲击损伤数值模拟

根据复合材料三维黏弹性本构关系, 建立了纤维增强复合材料层板高速倾斜冲击损伤的数值分析模型。该模型在复合材料层间引入界面单元模拟层间分层, 结合三维Hashin失效准则进行单层板面内损伤识别, 引入材料刚度折减方案, 采用非线性有限元方法, 研究高速倾斜冲击下复合材料层板的破坏过程和损伤特性。研究结果表明: 层板的主要损伤形式是层间分层、 基体微裂纹和纤维断裂; 冲击速度不变而入射角度增大时, 剩余速度减小, 层板损伤面积在一定入射角度范围内有明显变化; 入射角度不变而冲击速度增大时, 剩余速度增大, 层板损伤面积在一定速度范围内也有明显变化。     

含分层复合材料层板的压缩性能

使用商用有限元软件建立了含分层复合材料层板的有限元模型,采用Hashin失效准则对层板内单元进行损伤判断,并编写程序对失效单元进行刚度折减,使用cohesive单元模拟层间区域,并对缺陷区域进行弱化处理,利用应力失效判据和能量释放准则判断层板内起始分层与分层的扩展。对完好以及含分层缺陷复合材料单向层板试验件进行压缩实验研究,实验结果给出了分层位置和尺寸及对材料压缩性能的影响。研究表明,有限元模拟结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性。     

含紧固穿透分层复合材料层板的疲劳扩展

对含预置穿透分层复合材料层板开展压缩强度和压缩疲劳试验,获得结构的极限载荷,并研究层板的分层扩展特性。基于ABAQUS软件建立含穿透分层复合材料层板有限元模型,通过VCCT计算能量释放率,采用B-K准则来模拟层间分层的扩展。引入VUMAT子程序,采用改进的Hashin准则判断单元损伤;基于累积损伤理论和剩余强度理论,弱化材料性能,对含穿透分层和含紧固穿透分层复合材料层板的疲劳力学行为进行分析,讨论了紧固件等参数对层板分层扩展的影响。     

边界条件对纤维增强复合材料层板高速冲击损伤影响的数值模拟

根据复合材料三维粘弹性本构关系,建立纤维增强复合材料层板高速冲击损伤的有限元分析模型。模型中引入界面单元模拟层间分层,结合三维Hashin失效准则进行单层板面内损伤判断。对数值结果进行分析,得到如下结论:边界四面不带应力层板的损伤面积最大,两个对面带应力层板的损伤面积次之,一面和三面带应力层板的损伤面积最小;边界应力增大而冲击速度不变时,剩余速度基本不变,损伤面积先增大后减小;冲击速度增大而边界应力不变时,剩余速度线性增大,损伤面积先增大后减小。     

T300/QY8911层合板低速冲击试验及有限元模拟

对T300/QY8911复合材料层合板进行了低速冲击试验研究及数值仿真模拟。通过自由落体装置对层板进行冲击,并使用超声C扫描技术检测了层板冲击后的损伤状态,获得了不同能量下层板内部的损伤面积。建立了用于预测复合材料层合板在低速冲击作用下损伤演化的3D有限元模型,模型包含了用于模拟分层损伤的界面元和用于模拟纤维断裂、纤维挤压、基体开裂、基体挤裂等面内损伤形式的3D实体单元。该模型考虑了面内基体损伤对层间强度的影响。本文中的数值仿真结果和试验结果的对比验证了模型的合理性和有效性,文中还分析了影响低速冲击后层板内部分层面积的主要因素。     

不同形状弹体高速冲击下复合材料层板损伤分析

根据纤维增强复合材料宏细观结构,基于纤维的线弹性假设和基体的粘弹性假设,推导了单向复合材料粘弹性损伤本构关系。在此基础上,结合Hashin失效准则进行单层板面内损伤识别,通过界面单元模拟层间分层损伤,采用非线性有限元方法,建立了复合材料层板高速冲击损伤有限元分析模型。利用该模型,深入研究了不同形状弹体高速冲击下复合材料层板的弹道性能和损伤特性,探讨了相关参数对冲击损伤的影响规律,获得了一些有价值的结论。     

复合材料层板静压入破坏机制

建立一个有效的计算模型, 以分析复合材料层板在静压入过程中发生分层、 纤维断裂的现象。该计算模型基于有限元程序的三维逐渐损伤理论对层板的静压入全过程进行模拟, 对逐层逐个单元的损伤进行判断, 可以模拟任意角度、 铺层厚度的层板在递增载荷下的逐渐损伤破坏过程。对炭纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料层板在静压入过程中发生的分层和纤维断裂现象进行预测,并与实验结果进行比较; 对炭纤维增强双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料层板在静压入过程中的分层损伤和最终破坏接触力的大小进行预测,并与低速冲击下的结果进行比较。数值仿真与实验结果吻合较好, 表明静压入分析方法是复合材料层板在低速冲击下产生损伤的可替换分析方法。      

缝合复合材料层板低速冲击损伤数值模拟

建立了缝合复合材料层板在低速冲击载荷下的渐进损伤分析模型。模型中采用空间杆单元模拟缝线的作用;采用三维实体单元模拟缝合层板,通过基于应变描述的Hashin准则,结合相应的材料性能退化方案模拟层板的损伤和演化;采用界面单元模拟层间界面,结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的应变能释放率准则判断分层的起始和扩展规律。通过对碳800环氧树脂复合材料（T800/5228）层板的数值仿真结果和试验结果相比较,验证了模型的正确性,同时讨论了不同冲击能量下缝合层板的损伤规律。研究结果表明：缝线能够有效地抑制层板的分层损伤扩展;相同冲击能量下缝合与未缝合层板的基体损伤和纤维损伤在厚度分布上相似,缝合层板的损伤都要小于未缝合层板。     

复合材料层合板缺口强度的CDM三维数值模型

针对复合材料层合结构缺口强度问题,基于连续损伤力学（CDM）提出了一种三维损伤数值模型。模型区分了层内损伤（纤维失效、纤维间失效）和层间分层损伤的不同失效模式。采用三维Puck准则与Aymerich准则对上述2类损伤进行判定,材料失效后基于CDM中线性软化模型对材料损伤进行演化。模型考虑了复合材料层合板子层的就位效应和剪切非线性行为。对Carlsson的AS4/3501-6缺口拉伸强度试验进行数值模拟。结果表明:分析结果与试验结果吻合良好,证明了该模型能够准确地预测含缺口复合材料层合板面内拉伸强度。      

SIZE EFFECTS ON IMPACT RESPONSE OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES

Delamination was known to be one of the most important damage modes in composite laminates subjected to impact loading. In an effort to further understand the impact response of composite laminates, various degrees of impact ranging from subperforation to perforation were introduced to glass/epoxy laminates through an instrumented drop-weight impactor. In addition, composite laminates of various in-plane dimensions and thicknesses were examined for in-plane dimensional and thickness effects, respectively. Experimental results showed that in-plane dimensional effect was not as significant as thickness effect. The impacted composite laminates were then subjected to compression after impact (CAI) tests for characterizations of residual mechanical properties. Experimental results showed that perforation was the most important damage stage in composite laminates subjected to impact loading since impact characteristics (peak force, contact duration and absorbed energy) and mechanical properties degradation (residual compressive maximum force and residual compressive absorbed energy) of composite laminates became stable once perforation took place. However, it was also found that delamination played a very important role in the characterizations of mechanical properties degradation. Since the impact response of composite laminates is due to plate bending to some extent, bending analysis was used to explain the greater influence of thickness effect to in-plane dimensional effect. It was also found that bending analysis was feasible for interpretation of delamination in mechanical properties degradation.     

Stress distribution in damaged composite laminates under transverse impact

Studies on damage in composite laminates subjected to central and normal impact are conducted by a 3-D finite element analysis. The stress analysis is carried out by developing a constitutive equation of composite laminates coupled with the damage. Effects of the damage on the stress distribution in the laminates are investigated in details. The obtained contact force history correlates well with the results reported in literatures. Stress distributions across the thickness of the elastic non-damaged laminate show a probable distribution of delamination. The simulated result for delamination is coincided with the observation of experiments. Stress distributions for the damaged laminates show that the damage releases strain energy and lessens stress concentration.     

基于连续介质损伤力学的复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤模型

基于连续介质损伤力学（CDM）方法,建立了分析复合材料层合板低速冲击问题的三维数值模型。该模型考虑了层内损伤（纤维和基体损伤）、层间分层损伤和剪切非线性行为,采用最大应变失效准则预测纤维损伤的萌生,双线性损伤本构模型表征纤维损伤演化,基于物理失效机制的三维Puck准则判断基体损伤的起始,根据断裂面内等效应变建立混合模式下基体损伤扩展准则。横向基体拉伸强度和面内剪切强度采用基于断裂力学假设的就地强度（in-situ strength）。纤维和基体损伤本构关系中引入单元特征长度,有效降低模型对网格密度的依赖性。层间分层损伤情况由内聚力单元（cohesive element）预测,以二次应力准则为分层损伤的起始准则,B-K准则表征分层损伤演化。分别通过数值分析方法和试验研究方法对复合材料典型铺层层合板四级能量低速冲击下的冲击损伤和冲击响应规律进行分析,数值计算和试验测量的接触力-时间曲线、分层损伤的形状和面积较好吻合,表明该模型能够准确地预测层合板低速冲击损伤和冲击响应。     

Matrix cracking and delamination in laminated composites. Part I: Ply constitutive law, first ply failure and onset of delamination

Matrix cracking and delamination are the main initial forms of damage in advanced laminated composites manufactured by stacking unidirectional plies of fiber reinforced polymers. In this paper, the onset of matrix cracking is determined for in-plane stress states; in addition, delamination promoted by matrix cracks is analyzed. Taking into account that under in-plane shear stresses composite laminates show a non-linear response prior to the formation of a macro-crack, a plastic-damage model is proposed and implemented. The models predictions correlate well with published experimental data.     

Interaction of laminate damage and adhesive disbonding in composite scarf joints subjected to combined in-plane loading and impact

Impact tests were carried out on composite laminates and composite scarf repairs, while both were subjected to in-plane loading with tensile pre-strain levels up to 5000 microstrain. The results show that pre-straining of the composite laminates has no noticeable influence on the size of the delamination area for the given impact energy of 8 J, which represents a typical barely-visible impact on thin-skin composite structures. For composite scarf joints, however, resulting damage has been found to be a combination of adhesive disbonding and matrix cracking (delamination and intraply cracking) in the composite laminate. The size of this mixed type of damage increases significantly with increasing pre-strain levels. A finite element model was developed to investigate the interaction between adhesive disbonding and composite delamination. The computational results reveal that both delamination and adhesive disbonding are dominated by the mode II fracture. Since the critical mode II fracture energy release rate for composite laminates (G_IIC = 1.08 kJ/m²) is much less than that pertinent to the adhesive (G_IIC = 3.73 kJ/m²), delamination tends to occur first in the composite laminates, which then shield the growth of disbonding in the adhesive.     

吸湿后复合材料层合板快速加热分层扩展数值模拟

为研究复合材料层合板吸湿后的分层现象,首先建立了吸湿后复合材料层合板快速加热导致分层损伤的有限元模型,并对ABAQUS有限元软件进行二次开发,通过UAMP子程序模拟吸湿后复合材料快速加热时水分汽化引起的局部高压载荷作用下层合板分层扩展与载荷施加过程;然后,采用该模型预测了饱和吸湿T650-35/HFPE-II-52碳纤维聚酰亚胺复合材料层合板快速加热至310 ℃时产生的分层现象,并将数值模拟与文献实验结果对比;最后,运用该模型分析了树脂吸湿量和富脂区树脂聚集体积对层合板分层损伤面积的影响。结果表明:建立的有限元模型有效;快速加热后,层合板的分层损伤面积随树脂吸湿量的增加而增加;当富脂区树脂聚集体积较小时,其对层合板快速加热后分层损伤面积影响较小,但当富脂区树脂聚集体积增加到一定值后,层合板分层损伤面积随富脂区树脂聚集体积的增加而显著增加。所得结论表明,使用ABAQUS的UAMP子程序建立的有限元模型可以有效分析吸湿后复合材料层合板快速加热导致的分层现象。