核壳型有机硅-丙烯酸酯涂料印花胶粘剂的合成及应用

由八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)与端基为乙烯基的硅烷偶联剂开环聚合,制得了乙烯基改性有机硅乳液.研究了聚合反应条件对D4开环聚合的影响.结果表明,当反应温度为80℃、催化剂十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)用量为D4质量的5%、偶联剂(A-151)用量为D4质量的2%、复合乳化剂用量为单体质量的4%、复合乳化剂中阴/非离子型乳化剂质量比为1/1～1/2时,制得的乙烯基改性有机硅乳液单体转化率高、乳液稳定性好.将该乳液作为种子乳液用于聚丙烯酸酯乳液的改性,制得了一种柔软性好、色牢度佳的涂料印花胶粘剂.     

羟基有机硅微乳液的制备及应用

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)作乳化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,通过八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)的开环聚合反应,合成了羟基硅微乳液.考察了加料方式、聚合温度、聚合时间、预乳液滴加时间、DBSA和AEO9的质量比、催化剂用量对微乳液性能的影响.较佳工艺为:采用预乳化法转化率较高;DBSA与AEO9的质量比为3∶ 2,DBSA用量为反应物质量的3%,预乳液滴加时间为1.5～2 h;反应温度60～70 ℃,聚合时间4h.在此条件下制得的产品为半透明乳液,略泛蓝光,并且具有优异的稳定性能;用其处理后的织物具有良好的柔软性和白度,并且能赋予组织良好的亲水性.     

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂的合成与应用

将八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)与含乙烯基的硅烷偶联剂进行开环聚合,制得聚硅氧烷乳液。研究了聚合反应条件对D4开环聚合的影响。结果表明:当w[十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)]=4.0%(相对于乳液而言)、w(乳化剂OP-10)=3.0%(相对于乳液而言)、w[偶联剂(KH-151)]=2%(相对于D4而言)以及70℃反应3h时,可制得单体转化率高、乳液稳定性好的聚硅氧烷乳液;将该乳液用于丙烯酸酯乳液的改性,可制得柔软性好、色牢度佳的涂料印花粘合剂。     

聚有机硅氧烷/蒙脱土纳米复合乳液的制备及稳定性研究

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为插层剂改性蒙脱土(MMT),制得了有机蒙脱土(OMMT),采用原位插层聚合法,以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、乙烯基二三甲氧基硅烷(A-171)和OMMT为原料制备了聚有机硅氧烷/蒙脱土(PDMS/OMMT)纳米复合乳液,研究了DBSA添加工艺、OMMT用量、反应温度、A-171及乳化剂用量等对D4转化率和乳液稳定性的影响,并采用XRD、FT-IR等手段对OMMT及PDMS/OMMT低聚体的结构进行了表征.结果表明:在反应初始阶段通过外加DBSA,可使D4在OMMT层间开环聚合,形成剥离结构;当m(OMMT):m(D4)为20,反应温度为80℃、m(A-171):m(D4)和m(乳化剂):m(D4)分别为2.0和3.0时,D4转化率达到71.3%,PDMS/OMMT乳液的稳定性最好.     

微波辐照下聚硅氧烷微乳液的制备及动力学研究

以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(OP-10)为复配乳化剂,在微波辐照下制备聚硅氧烷微乳液。讨论了反应条件对微乳液制备的影响,结果表明,反应温度80℃,D4、DBSA、SDBS和OP-10分别为微乳液质量的15%,3%,4%和1%时微乳液的流体力学半径最小。进一步研究了反应条件对反应动力学的影响,结果表明,温度越高,催化剂用量越大,D4转化速率越快,但最终的平衡转化率接近。     

D4乳液聚合反应条件及封端剂的研究

以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)为原料,甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙基酯(HEMA)为封端剂,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,制备了分子链端含双键的有机硅乳液,比较了加料工艺对乳液稳定性和乳胶粒粒径的影响,考察了乳液固体质量分数、反应温度、反应时间、封端剂用量及加入时间对D4转化率和聚硅氧烷摩尔质量的影响.结果表明:采用连续滴加单体法制备的乳液透光率大、稳定性好,乳胶粒的粒径小;乳液固体质量分数越大、反应时间越长,D4转化率越高、聚硅氧烷摩尔质量越大;温度高于80 ℃时,聚硅氧烷的摩尔质量随温度升高而降低,D4转化率变化不明显;缩短反应时间可以获得聚硅氧烷摩尔质量较小的有机硅乳液;D4滴完2 h后加入HEMA,D4转化率高,聚硅氧烷摩尔质量较小;HEMA用量增大,聚硅氧烷摩尔质量显著下降,对D4转化率影响不大.     

纳米二氧化硅改性硅丙无皂乳液稳定性影响因素研究

采用无皂乳液聚合技术和溶胶凝胶技术,合成了纳米二氧化硅改性硅丙无皂乳液。考察了反应温度、引发剂用量、反应性乳化剂用量、丙烯酸用量和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)用量对乳液稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:当过硫酸钾(KPS)的质量分数为1%,反应性乳化剂的质量分数为3.5%,丙烯酸的质量分数为3%,反应温度为80℃时,乳液的聚合稳定性好,单体转化率高;当TEOS的质量分数小于4%,乳液具有较好的机械稳定性。     

纳米硅溶胶改性聚硅氧烷微乳液的研究

采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷对纳米硅溶胶进行表面改性,使其表面接枝上可反应的乙烯基官能团,以过硫酸钾作为引发剂,与乙烯基有机硅单体、丙烯酸酯类单体进行原位聚合反应制备纳米硅溶胶改性聚硅氧烷微乳液。系统研究了聚合温度、乳化剂对聚合反应过程中乳液稳定性、乳胶膜吸水率以及乳胶粒子粒径的影响,结果表明:聚合过程中反应温度分别控制在80℃、90℃,转化率最高;烷基聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)质量比为1.5∶1~2∶1,乳化剂用量为1.5%~2.0%时,制备的乳液稳定性最好,乳胶膜的吸水率低于3%,与其他共混乳液、聚硅氧烷乳液相比,吸水率显著降低;透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察结果显示:乳液中存在以纳米SiO2为核、聚硅氧烷聚合物为壳的结构形态,与共混乳液相比,改性乳液中游离的纳米SiO2粒子数大大减少。     

高乙烯含量VAE乳液的研究与生产

以聚乙烯醇（PVA1788、PVA0588）复配做保护胶体,醋酸乙烯酯及乙烯为单体,采用氧化还原法制备不同乙烯含量的VAE乳液。研究原料、聚合工艺和反应条件及加料方式对VAE乳液乙烯含量、固含量、粘度、玻璃化转变温度和相对分子质量的影响,考查改性PVA对VAE乳液耐水性能的影响。结果表明,最佳初始反应温度为65℃,后期温度为70℃～85℃,最佳乳化剂含量为4%,最佳引发剂用量为2.5%,VAE乳液的乙烯含量为9%～23%,使用疏水基改性PVA代替部分保护胶体,乳液耐水性明显提高。     

PHMS/VAc/NMA复合乳液的动力学研究

用含氢聚甲基硅氧烷（PHMA）与醋酸乙烯酯（VAc)，羟甲基丙烯酰胺（NMA）共聚，合成出稳定的PHMS／VAc/NMA复合乳液，详细研究了该聚合体系的动力学特征，讨论了加料方式，反应温度，原料配比对聚合速率和单体转化率的影响，结果表明：采用单体连续滴加法，乳液聚合速率平缓，转化率较高，随着PHMS用量的增加，聚合速率和转化率降低，随着反应温度，NMA用量，过硫酸铵用量的增加，乳液聚合速率和单体转化率都相应增加。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。