再生聚酯切片生产缝纫线用涤纶短纤维的工艺研究

以物理法再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)切片为原料,通过纺丝-拉伸法制备涤纶拉伸丝,从切片的外观特点、过滤性能、特性黏数及流变性能,以及拉伸丝的性能考察原料的可纺性及相应的纺丝、拉伸工艺要求;在此基础上以再生PET切片为原料,在现有常规涤纶短纤维间接纺生产线上生产缝纫线用再生涤纶短纤维,探讨了其生产工艺条件。结果表明：粒子形状规整、过滤性能较好、特性黏数较高的再生PET切片具有良好的可纺性,纺丝过程中需根据切片的特性黏数调整纺丝温度,拉伸过程中需适当提高拉伸温度;采用特性黏数为0.737 dL/g的再生PET切片为原料生产1.33 dtex×38 mm缝纫线用再生涤纶短纤维,与以原生PET切片为原料相比,螺杆熔融温度提高8℃,箱体温度提高5℃,拉伸温度和定型温度分别提高3～5℃;通过生产调控,生产稳定性好,生产的短纤维断裂强度达到6.1 cN/dtex,其他质量指标达到原生涤纶短纤维优等品要求。     

涤纶海岛超细复合纤维的生产

利用希尔斯纺丝生产线及其工艺纺制POY海岛型超细复合纤维,并介绍了切片预结晶干燥、海岛复合比例、纺丝温度、冷却成形、上油、卷绕等工艺条件。在FTF12SDS型拉伸变形机上采用合适的变形工艺可成功生产海岛型超细复合DTY。     

ECDP中空短纤维加工技术

通过对阳离子染料常压可染聚酯(ECDP)熔体特性粘数、熔点及结晶性能的分析,探讨了ECDP中空短纤维纺丝工艺?选择切片预结晶温度100～120℃、预结晶时间2h、干燥温度170～175℃、纺丝温度270～280℃、环吹风速度1．0m／s、温度23～25℃、拉伸温度60℃、拉伸倍率3．7,生产出的ECDP短纤维中空度可达20％以上。     

切片纺超高强涤纶短纤维生产工艺探讨

采用切片纺丝路线,探讨采用不同特性黏数([η])的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)切片制备超高强涤纶短纤维的可行性;并选用[η]较高的PET切片在切片纺工业化涤纶短纤维装置上通过纺丝温度、拉伸倍数、拉伸温度和热定型温度等工艺参数的调整优化,试生产超高强涤纶短纤维。结果表明:采用[η]较高的PET切片,选择合适的纺丝和后加工条件可以生产超高强涤纶短纤维;选择[η]为0.731 dL/g的PET切片为原料,在7500 t/a切片纺涤纶短纤维装置常规生产工艺基础上,调整纺丝螺杆温度为290~295℃、箱体温度为296~300℃,初生纤维断面不匀率小于等于1.21%,纺丝状况良好;调整水浴拉伸温度为70℃、总拉伸倍数为3.878、热定型温度为185℃,试生产的涤纶短纤维结晶度和非晶区取向有所增大,断裂强度达7.02 cN/dtex,达到了超高强纤维的要求。     

2.22 dtex聚苯硫醚短纤维纺丝工艺的探讨

采用含水率小于50μg/g的聚苯硫醚(PPS)切片熔融纺丝生产PPS短纤维,对纺丝工艺条件进行了探讨。结果表明:控制PPS切片干燥温度120～140℃,干燥时间8～10 h,纺丝温度330℃,环吹风温度23～26℃,环吹风速度1.3～1.6 m/s,拉伸槽温度90～100℃,紧张热定型温度150～180℃,单体抽吸速度0.4 s/min,总拉伸倍数3.4～4.4,纺丝过程平稳,生产2.22 dtex PPS短纤维断裂强度大于等于4.2 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为34.2%。     

1.5dtex中空多微孔涤纶短纤维纺丝技术的探讨

介绍了1.5 dtex中空多微孔涤纶短纤维的生产设备,主要纺丝工艺,并对原料中的改性组分对共聚酯性能的影响,纺丝组件、切片干燥、纺丝温度、冷却成形条件、后拉伸工艺,定型工艺等进行了讨论。指出,选择纺丝温度288℃,拉伸温度60℃,拉伸倍率3.2,定型温度130～140℃,成品纤维品质指标较好。     

中空桔瓣型双组分纺粘复合纤维原料流变性能研究

对中空桔瓣型双组分纺粘复合纤维的生产原料进行了流变性能研究,研究表明:PET切片熔体对温度变化较为敏感,PA6则反之;日本三菱PA6切片不适合于本文的温度差异法纺丝;290℃测试条件下PET切片熔体与280℃测试条件下浙江龙诚PA6切片熔体有着相似的流动性能,有利于双组分复合纺丝过程。     

1.67dtex有光正三角形涤纶短纤维纺丝工艺探讨

采用特性黏数为0.677 dL/g的有光聚酯切片熔融纺丝生产正三角形涤纶短纤维,探讨了切片干燥、纺丝成形、拉伸、热定型等对生产及纤维性能的影响。结果表明:控制聚酯切片含水率小于28μg/g,纺丝温度282～286℃,纺丝速度930～950 m/min,拉伸温度60～70℃,总拉伸倍数3.50～3.65,生产稳定,得到的1.67 dtex有光正三角形涤纶短纤维截面清晰,异形度为55.1%,断裂强度为5.09 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为28.5%,180℃干热收缩率为8.4%。     

PTT短纤维工业化生产工艺探讨

采用Du Pont公司生产的PTT切片为原料,使用PET短纤维纺丝和后加工设备纺制普通圆形截面PTT短纤维,对切片干燥、纺丝成形、拉伸、热定型等工艺进行了探讨。通过对前后纺工艺的调整,生产出品质优良的PTT短纤维。     

再生聚酯回收料生产蓝色涤纶短纤维的生产工艺

以6.67 dtex×51 mm蓝色涤纶短纤维为例,探讨了采用再生聚酯回收料和原生聚酯料在纺丝生产工艺上的不同。使用再生聚酯回收料生产时,选择降低干燥温度、纺丝温度、纺丝速度、环吹风速、拉伸倍数以及后拉伸浴槽温度的优化工艺,可生产出性能优良的6.67 dtex×51 mm蓝色涤纶短纤维。     

双组份PE/PET同心皮芯型复合短纤维生产工艺

介绍了用纽马格双组份复合纺短纤生产线生产PE/PET的工艺,并对原料、纺丝温度、冷却条件、后拉伸倍数、卷曲、松弛定型等工艺条件进行了讨论.结果表明,选择合适的纺丝温度.冷却条件,后拉伸倍数在3.5左右,松弛定型温度105℃时,可生产出质量稳定的PE/PET同心皮芯型复合短纤维.     

聚丙烯并列型永久性三维卷曲中空纤维生产技术

介绍了用纽马格双组份复合短纤设备生产聚丙烯并列型三维卷曲中空纤维的生产技术。讨论了两种切片的熔融指数、纺丝温度、侧吹风、后拉伸倍数、卷曲、松弛定型工艺对产品质量及性能的影响。结果表明:两种切片的熔融指数差对中空度的影响较大,并影响纺丝的稳定性。后拉伸倍数影响纤维的卷曲数,松弛定型温度在125℃,时间15分钟能生产出质量稳定的聚丙烯永久性三维卷曲中空纤维。     

Melt spinning and drawing process of PET side‐by‐side bicomponent fibers

The change of crimp contraction and shrinkage in the melt spinning and drawing process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) side‐by‐side bicomponent fibers was studied. Regular PET and modified PET were selected to make a latent crimp yarn. The modified PET was synthesized to increase thermal shrinkage. The crimp contraction is mainly dependent on drawing conditions such as draw ratio, heat‐set temperature, and drawing temperature. Difference in shrinkage between the PET and the modified PET causes the self‐crimping of bicomponent fibers. Although changing the heat‐set temperature and the drawing temperature can not affect dimensional change, the crimp contraction varies with those variables. As the heat‐set temperature and the drawing temperature decrease, the crimp contraction increases. Difference in elongation also affects the crimp contraction in the effect of draw ratio. When the modified PET with neopentyl group was used for highly shrinkable part, the crimp contraction is greater in comparison with modified PET with dimethyl isophthalate. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1362–1367, 2006     

Effects of spinning and drawing conditions on the crimp contraction of side‐by‐side poly(trimethylene terephthalate) bicomponent fibers

The crimp properties in the melt‐spinning and drawing processes of side‐by‐side bicomponent fibers with poly(trimethylene terephthalate)s (PTTs) of different viscosities were studied. Two PTTs of different intrinsic viscosities (1.02 and 0.92) were selected to make latent crimp yarn. The spinning and drawing conditions were changed to investigate the relation between the process conditions and crimp contraction. An orthogonal array was used to rule out the weak variables. The draw ratio, heat‐set temperature, and portion of high‐viscosity PTT were selected as variables having an effect on the crimp contraction. An analysis of the effects of the spinning and drawing conditions on the crimp contraction showed that the draw ratio was the most critical variable. Increasing the draw ratio caused a difference in the shrinkage between the two parts of PTT and caused the self‐crimping of the bicomponent fibers. Although changing the heat‐set temperature and the portion of high‐viscosity PTT did not produce a dimensional change, the crimp contraction varied with those variables. As the heat‐set temperature and the high‐viscosity portion increased, the crimp contraction increased. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1322–1327, 2006     

海岛纤维POY生产工艺的探讨

研究了PET/COPET海岛纤维POY的开发生产。COPET的预结晶温度135～145℃,干燥温度140～150℃,干燥时间10～12h,纺丝温度275～278℃,侧吹风速0.30～0.40m/s,纺丝速度3000～3200m/min,超喂率8%～12%进行卷绕,产品优良,后加工产品DT的一等品率达到94%。     

Melt spinning of β‐phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) yarns with and without a conductive core

When poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is to be used as a piezoelectric material, the processing must include the formation of polar β‐phase crystallites, as well as the application of electrically conducting charge collectors, that is, electrodes. In this article, results from the melt spinning of PVDF yarns and a novel bicomponent PVDF‐yarn with a conductive carbon black/polypropylene (CB/PP) core are presented. Melt spinning has been done under conditions typical for industrial large‐scale fiber production. The effects on the resulting crystalline structure of varying the spinning velocity, draw rate, and draw temperature are discussed. The results show that, for maximum α‐to‐β phase transformation, cold drawing should take place at a temperature between 70 and 90°C, and both the draw ratio and the draw rate should be as high as possible. It was observed that the cold drawing necessary to form β‐phase crystallinity simultaneously leads to a decrease in the core conductivity of the bicomponent yarns. In this work, the melt spinning of bicomponent fibers with high‐β‐phase PVDF in the sheath and a CB/PP core was successfully accomplished. The core material remained electrically conductive, paving the way for the use of a CB‐polymer compound as inner electrode in the melt spinning of piezoelectric bicomponent fibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

皮芯型复合纤维的研制及其应用

介绍皮芯型复合纤维,重点是锦/涤纶偏心型复合长丝的工艺流程、复合喷丝组件结构、纺丝和拉伸工艺、纤维的力学性能和卷曲性能,以及产品的开发应用。     

聚苯硫醚-聚酯复合纤维的成形及性能

聚苯硫醚(PPS)由于其优异的耐热性能使其在高温滤袋中得到了广泛的应用。采用复合纺丝技术,制备PPS-聚酯(PET)皮芯复合纤维,并系统研究纤维成形的牵伸温度、拉伸比对复合纤维力学性能的影响。结果发现:控制皮芯纤维的纺丝速度小于1000 m/min,可制备出力学性能与PPS相近的PPS-PET复合纤维。在成形过程中,随着牵伸温度的提高,纤维的强度降低,断裂伸长率增大,沸水收缩率减小,强度和断裂伸长率在牵伸温度高于105℃时产生突变;经过180℃干热松弛处理48 h后,PPS-PET复合纤维的强力降低6%左右。     

熔融纺丝法制备UHMWPE/MMT复合纤维的研究

以超高相对分子质量聚乙烯/蒙脱土(UHMWPE/MMT)纳米复合材料为原料,采用熔融纺丝法,在自行设计制造的实验纺丝机上制备出纤维,利用DSC、XRD、SEM等手段对其结构进行了表征,并对其性能进行了测试。拉伸条件试验表明,水浴温度85℃、拉伸倍率14倍,是纤维最佳拉伸温度与倍率;纤维在拉伸过程中存在一个最佳的甬道停留时间。微观结构分析表明,拉伸后得到的纤维熔点、取向度都得到了提高,并在一定条件下出现了正交晶形到六方晶形的转变。