回收PC/ABS机壳材料的改性

为了实现聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)回收资源的合理化应用,对回收PC/ABS机壳材料进行了增韧及阻燃改性研究。结果表明,回收PC/ABS机壳材料的加工温度越高,性能越差。在回收PC/ABS机壳材料中添加增韧剂能明显提高回收料的韧性,且添加具有增容作用的甲基丙烯酸甲酯–丁二烯–苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)比高胶粉增韧效果更明显,添加5%的MBS后综合力学性能最佳。添加阻燃剂能有效提高回收料的阻燃性能,同时添加十溴二苯乙烷的阻燃效果优于有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂。当添加质量分数5%十溴二苯乙烷时,回收PC/ABS材料的性能最佳,缺口冲击强度为10.9 k J/m~2,同时也可以达到1.6 mm的UL94 V–0级别。     

尼龙增韧材料的研究现状

探讨了国内外尼龙材料增韧研究的现状,目前尼龙材料增韧主要集中于以下几个方面：用尼龙与弹性体共混制备超韧尼龙,包括聚烯烃类弹性体增韧尼龙,苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物增韧尼龙,核-壳型冲击改性剂增韧尼龙,以及离聚物为增容剂增韧尼龙;无机刚性粒子增韧尼龙,能在提高材料的抗冲击性能的同时,保证不降低其拉伸强度和刚性;有机刚性粒子增韧尼龙。     

核壳粒子改性中温固化环氧基体树脂的研究

采用核壳粒子增韧改性制备了一种可中温固化的环氧预浸料基体树脂,研究了增韧改性环氧树脂微观形貌、固化反应活性、耐热性、力学性能和黏温特性。结果表明,核壳粒子在树脂中均匀分散,固化树脂断裂面为银纹增多的韧性断裂。增韧后环氧树脂的力学性能有所提高,加入7%核壳粒子改性树脂的冲击强度达26k J/m2,改性基体树脂玻璃化转变温度为165℃。通过对树脂DSC曲线和黏温曲线的研究考察了基体树脂的使用工艺性,确定中温固化环氧基体树脂的固化工艺为:100℃/1h+130℃/2h。     

“核壳结构”粒子对PA6/SEBS-g-MA/PPO共混物的增韧作用

采用熔融共混法制备了尼龙6/马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物/聚苯醚(PA6/SEBS-g-MA/PPO)共混物,研究了PPO在PA6/SEBS-g-MA/PPO共混物中的作用。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和摆锤冲击仪分别研究了PPO的用量对PA6/SEBS-g-MA/PPO共混物的形貌结构和缺口冲击强度的影响。通过接触角法测量得到共混物各个组分的表面能,并计算出各组分间的界面张力。在界面张力和铺展系数的作用下,PA6基体中形成以PPO为核,SEBS-g-MA为壳的"核壳结构"粒子。冲击测试表明,"核壳结构"粒子对PA6的增韧发挥主要作用。在一定范围内,随PPO用量的增加,形成的"核壳结构"粒子数增加,PA6/SEBS-g-MA/PPO共混物的冲击强度先增大后减小。     

MVQ-g-TFEMA对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶的增容作用

通过高温力化学接枝法制备硅橡胶接枝甲基丙烯酸-2,2,2-三氟乙酯(MVQ-g-TFE-MA),作为氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶的增容剂。研究增容剂用量对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶的力学性能、耐油性能和低温性能的影响,采用DMA研究共混胶中氟橡胶和硅橡胶的相容性。结果表明,添加的MVQ-g-TFEMA的质量分数为4.6%时,共混胶具有良好的力学性能。随着增容剂的质量分数从0增至11.5%,共混胶的耐油性能提高,脆性温度从-36.8℃下降至-48.3℃。DMA分析表明,增容剂MVQ-g-TFEMA改善了共混胶中氟橡胶和硅橡胶的相容性。     

（PE—HD／PE—LD）—g—GMA增容PC／PE—UHMW共混物的冲击性能与断面形态

采用反应挤出方法，制备了缺口冲击性能良好的(PE-HD／PE-LD)-g-GMA(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂)增容PC／PE-UHMW共混物。当增容剂(PE-HD／PE-LD)-g-GMA用量为6份时，共混物的冲击强度达到最大值66kJ／m^2，比未增容PC／PE-UHMW提高了28．5kJ／m^2。冲击断面的SEM分析表明，增容剂的加入产生了反应性的增容效果，提高了两相之间的界面粘结力，促进了相的分散，对基体的剪切屈服形变有利，冲击性能得以改善。     

正交试验法研究PC/ABS汽车专用料

利用正交试验设计,以聚碳酸酯(PC)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)为基体树脂,添加增容剂和其它助剂,经过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混造粒,制得PC/ABS合金汽车专用料.考察了原料配方和生产工艺对专用料性能的影响,结果表明,开发的PC/ABS合金汽车专用料的各项指标达到了规定的要求.     

汽车开关用PC/ABS的制备与性能研究

以PC和ABS为基材,选用不同的PC和ABS比例进行研究,找出合适的PC和ABS以及比例;再选用不同增韧剂对其进行增韧改性,研究添加不同比例增韧剂对专用料性能的影响,优选出一种增韧剂作为增韧改性剂;以此为基础,研究添加不同比例的增容剂对专用料性能的影响,并确定增容剂的添加量,制备出综合性能较优的PC/ABS合金。     

PC/ABS手机充电器专用料的开发

以聚碳酸酯(PC)和ABS为基体树脂,添加增容剂、阻燃剂及其它助剂,经双螺杆挤出机熔融共混挤出造粒,制得PC／ABS手机充电器专用料：考察了原料配方和生产工艺对该专用料性能的影响。结果表明,生产的PC／ABS手机充电器专用料的各项性能达到了指标要求。     

少量增容剂对膨胀阻燃PP/POE共混复合体系性能的影响

为提高聚丙烯(PP)材料的热性能和力学性能,选用膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)对PP/乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)共混体系进行阻燃改性,应用双螺杆共混挤出的方法制备了PP/POE/IFR共混复合体系,对共混复合体系的阻燃性能、力学性能、膨胀炭层以及微观相结构进行了研究。结果表明,少量增容剂马来酸酐接枝POE(POE-g-MAH)的加入使得IFR颗粒的分散更加均匀、分散粒径减小,同时颗粒与聚合物基体间的结合更加紧密,从而对共混复合体系的力学和阻燃性能都有明显的提高,特别是提高冲击强度。当PP/POE/IFR/POE-g-MAH配比为80/17/20/3时,共混复合体系的平均热释放速率、热释放速率峰值、比消光面积平均值、总烟释放量较未添加增容剂的共混复合体系(PP/POE/IFR配比为80/20/20)分别下降了22.4%,14.9%,29.2%,21.8%,冲击强度提高了69.6%。     

Modification of recycled polycarbonate with core‐shell structured latexes for enhancement of impact resistance and flame retardancy

Two types of core‐shell structured latexes, poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) (MBS) and poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methylphenyl siloxane‐co‐styrene) (MSiS) were used to modify recycled polycarbonate (PC) for the enhancement of toughness and flame retardancy. The impact strength of the modified PC blends was not improved after melt‐blending recycled PC with these two kinds of latexes, probably because the latex particles were not evenly dispersed in the PC matrix because of the incompatibility between PC and PMMA shell of the latexes. Addition of a compatibilizer, e.g. diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A or poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride), can effectively enhance the toughening effect of recycled PC with core‐shell structured modifiers. The presence of compatibilizer in the blends reduces the interfacial tension and introduces a steric hindrance to coalescence, and thus enhances the interfacial adhesion between PC domain and PMMA shell, and improves the dispersion of core‐shell structured particles in the PC matrix. The ternary blends achieve a high impact resistance by cavitation of the particles, which relieves the triaxial stress and promotes massive shear yielding of the matrix, and then enables the matrix to fracture by the plane stress ductile tearing mode. Additionally, MSiS has a silicone‐based core and can effectively retard the combustion of recycled PC. The blends containing 7 wt % MSiS and 3 wt % compatibilizer can achieve a UL94 V‐0 rating in vertical burning test. We proposed that, during combustion, a fine dispersion of MSiS particles in the PC matrix facilitates the rapid migration of MSiS and formation of a uniform and highly flame resistant char barrier on the surface of the modified PC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

阻燃PC/ABS合金的研制及其在电器上的应用

通过对3种增容剂增容PC／ABS合金性能的测试对比,选用了1种效果最佳的增容剂制备PC／ABS合金．用十溴联苯醚和三氧化二锑作为阻燃体系,对阻燃PC／ABS合金的力学性能、热性能、阻燃性能进行了检测。结果表明,当PC：ABS：增容剂：阻燃体系为70：30：8：15时,阻燃PC／ABS合金的综合力学性能最好,阻燃性能达到UL 94V-0级．该合金已用于生产防火电器开关、插座面板系列产品。     

氢氧化铝无卤阻燃乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物的结构与性能

以表面修饰的氢氧化铝（ATH）作为无卤阻燃剂,以线形低密度聚乙烯接枝物为相容剂制备了阻燃性能和力学性能优良的无卤阻燃乙烯醋酸乙烯（EVA）复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试、动态热力学分析、极限氧指数、垂直燃烧测试表征了AHT阻燃EVA复合材料的结构与性能。研究了表面处理及相容剂的引入对ATH在EVA中的分散性和界面相容性的影响,以及AHT粒径大小、添加量对EVA阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,界面相容剂和表面处理剂同时使用,能显著提高ATH与基体之间的界面相容性,从而提高了EVA的力学性能和阻燃效果,ATH尺寸越小,阻燃性能越好。     

PGS@P-N阻燃剂的制备及增强EVA复合材料的 阻燃性能的研究

利用坡缕石表面的羟基，采用化学方法首先将坡缕石（PGS）用磷酸进行了改性，随后通过酸碱中和的方法，将十二胺接枝到磷酸分子上，得到改性的含P、N型复合阻燃剂PGS@P-N。通过SEM、 XRD、 FTIR等方法对所合成阻燃剂PGS@P-N的形貌和结构进行了表征，利用氧指数法(LOI)、垂直燃烧法(UL-94)和锥形量热法(CCT)对复合材料的阻燃性能进行了测试，并对复合材料的力学性能和相容性进行了考察。结果表明：当向EVA中加入质量分数为30%的PGS@P-N/EG后，EVA/PGS@P-N/EG(可膨胀石墨)复合材料的氧指数达到了36.3%，与EVA/PGS/EG比较，接入烷基链后，EVA/PGS@P-N/EG复合材料的断裂伸长率提高了40%。     

环三磷腈衍生物的合成及其在PET阻燃中的应用

以含硅和硼元素的物质改性六氯环三磷腈,制备环三磷腈衍生物,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振等方法确定其结构。将衍生物以熔融共混的方法应用于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）的阻燃研究,通过极限氧指数和垂直燃烧测试判定其在PET中的阻燃效果,协同燃烧后炭渣的表面形貌探讨其阻燃机理。结果表明,在阻燃剂的添加量仅为1%时,材料的极限氧指数能达30%以上,UL94可达V-0级的水平;材料燃烧后材料的内表面是多孔型的而外表面是连续致密的,为改善材料的热性质和降低可燃气体的扩散提供了一层屏障。     

Effect of core-shell particles dispersed morphology on the toughening behavior of PBT/PC blends

Methyl methacrylate-co-styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate grafted polybutadiene (PB-g-MSG) and styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate grafted polybutadiene (PB-g-SG) core-shell particles were prepared to toughen poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC) blends. The compatibilization reaction between the epoxy groups of glycidyl methacrylate and the carboxyl groups of PBT induced the PB-g-SG particles dispersed in the PBT phase. On the other hand, the good miscibility between PMMA (the shell phase of PB-g-MSG) and PC induced the PB-g-MSG particles dispersed in the PC phase. The different phase morphology led to different toughening behavior. The PBT/PC/PB-g-MSG blends with the PC encapsulated morphology showed much lower brittle-ductile transition core-shell particles content (10-15 wt% or 15-20 wt%) compared with the PBT/PC/PB-g-SG blends (20-25 wt%). The difference between the toughening efficiency of the core-shell particles was due to the change of deformation mechanisms. In PBT/PC/PB-g-MSG blends, the cavitation of PB rubber phase led to the occurrence of shear yielding of the matrix. While in the PBT/PC/PB-g-SG blends, the debonding between PBT and PC interface induced the shear yielding of the matrix. The variation of the core-shell particles dispersed phase morphology also affected the crystallization properties and DMA results of the PBT/PC blends. Modification of the phase morphology provided an useful strategy to prepare PBT/PC blends with higher toughening efficiency.     

The Influence of NBR-g-GMA Compatibilizer on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/Polycarbonate/NBR Ternary Blends

The work aims to study the role of NBR-g-GMA compatibilizer on the morphology and mechanical characteristics of PET/PC/NBR ternary blends. The compatibilizer content and amount of constitutive polymers are changed to correlate morphology development with mechanical properties. Various ternary samples are prepared using a twin-screw extruder whereat weight percent of rubbery dispersed phase (NBR+NBR-g-GMA) is changed. Analyzing the morphology of produced samples and interpretation of mechanical properties corroborated the role of the mentioned factors on the type of morphology and also the size of both individual and composite domains in these sorts of ternary blends. Based on this attempt, the mechanical properties of 50/50 blends of NBR/NBR-g-GMA, showed maximum toughness value compared to pure PET specimen. Also, the results revealed that by increasing the rubber content, the rodlike structures were disappeared; besides, toughness was increased. On the contrary, by increasing PC content, rodlike structures have seen by morphological study; however, core-shell droplets formed in the blend structure caused enhancing the impact strength and reducing Young's modulus. Ultimately, the ternary blend of 63/7/30 of PET/PC/ (NBR+NBR-g-GMA) revealed the best mechanical properties due to proper interaction between the PET matrix and rubbery domains in the presence of reactive compatibilizer.     

无卤阻燃LLDPE/PDMS共混物的研究

采用高乙烯基含量硅橡胶(PDMS)与线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)进行熔融共混,并添加阻燃母料,制得LLDPE/PDMS阻燃共混物;研究了无机阻燃剂和PDMS用量对共混物力学性能、阻燃性能的影响以及无机阻燃剂与PDMS的协同阻燃性;同时初步探讨了两者的协同阻燃机理。结果表明:采用添加母料和添加PDMS的方法,提高了无机阻燃剂在基体树脂中的分散性,降低了无机阻燃剂对材料力学性能的破坏,同时提高了无机阻燃剂的阻燃效果;同时添加2 0 %无机阻燃剂与1 0 %PDMS ,共混物的氧指数达到2 8% ,拉伸强度约1 3MPa ,断裂伸长率约4 70 % ;PDMS与无机阻燃剂具有较好的协同阻燃性。     

PA6/PP/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的相容性研究

采用马来酸酐接枝(氢化苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)作为增容剂,研究了增容剂用量对尼龙6/聚丙烯(PA6/PP)共混体系相态结构、力学性能的影响,以及在相同增容剂用量下不同PA6、PP配比对体系相形态的影响。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH中的酸酐基团能与PA6末端的氨基发生化学反应,在PA6和PP的内表面形成PA6-SEBS接枝共聚物,明显改善了两相的界面相容性,并使共混物的力学性能得到显著提高。共混物冲击断面形貌的分析表明,共混物发生了明显的脆韧转变。     

无卤阻燃增强尼龙66的研制

在尼龙66中添加无卤复合阻燃剂TA-160228%（质量分数,下同）,相容剂4%及玻纤30%制得了一种阻燃增强尼龙66,其垂直燃烧（1.6mm）达阻燃级FV-0,漏电痕迹指数为500V,热分解温度为345℃。