The SURE-LET approach to image denoising.

We propose a new approach to image denoising, based on the image-domain minimization of an estimate of the mean squared error--Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE). Unlike most existing denoising algorithms, using the SURE makes it needless to hypothesize a statistical model for the noiseless image. A key point of our approach is that, although the (nonlinear) processing is performed in a transformed domain--typically, an undecimated discrete wavelet transform, but we also address nonorthonormal transforms--this minimization is performed in the image domain. Indeed, we demonstrate that, when the transform is a "tight" frame (an undecimated wavelet transform using orthonormal filters), separate subband minimization yields substantially worse results. In order for our approach to be viable, we add another principle, that the denoising process can be expressed as a linear combination of elementary denoising processes--linear expansion of thresholds (LET). Armed with the SURE and LET principles, we show that a denoising algorithm merely amounts to solving a linear system of equations which is obviously fast and efficient. Quite remarkably, the very competitive results obtained by performing a simple threshold (image-domain SURE optimized) on the undecimated Haar wavelet coefficients show that the SURE-LET principle has a huge potential.     

A new SURE approach to image denoising: interscale orthonormal wavelet thresholding.

This paper introduces a new approach to orthonormal wavelet image denoising. Instead of postulating a statistical model for the wavelet coefficients, we directly parametrize the denoising process as a sum of elementary nonlinear processes with unknown weights. We then minimize an estimate of the mean square error between the clean image and the denoised one. The key point is that we have at our disposal a very accurate, statistically unbiased, MSE estimate--Stein's unbiased risk estimate--that depends on the noisy image alone, not on the clean one. Like the MSE, this estimate is quadratic in the unknown weights, and its minimization amounts to solving a linear system of equations. The existence of this a priori estimate makes it unnecessary to devise a specific statistical model for the wavelet coefficients. Instead, and contrary to the custom in the literature, these coefficients are not considered random anymore. We describe an interscale orthonormal wavelet thresholding algorithm based on this new approach and show its near-optimal performance--both regarding quality and CPU requirement--by comparing it with the results of three state-of-the-art nonredundant denoising algorithms on a large set of test images. An interesting fallout of this study is the development of a new, group-delay-based, parent-child prediction in a wavelet dyadic tree.     

不同小波基函数下的语音去噪研究

为了分析语音去噪的效果,首先介绍了小波变换和分解的相关理论知识,然后对Daubechies小波、Symmlets小波、Coiflets小波和Haar小波特性做了比较分析。最后选取一段添加了高斯白噪声的实际语音信号,选取heursure启发式阈值,利用Matlab软件分别对各种小波基下的去噪效果进行仿真实验。并通过计算去噪前后的信噪比(SNR)和最小均方差(MSE)的值,分析比较各种小波基函数的去噪效果,并得出最优小波基函数。     

基于小波域Curvelet变换的湍流图像去噪算法

为了提高湍流图像的空间分辨率,提出了一种基于小波域Curvelet变换(wavelet domain Curvelet transform,WDCT)的湍流图像去噪算法。该算法根据湍流退化图像噪声的统计特性,结合贝叶斯萎缩方法优化阈值选择。首先,对含噪湍流图像进行单层二维离散小波变换,接着提取高频系数并对它作快速离散Curvelet变换,最后根据贝叶斯准则估计阈值T,改进阈值的自适应选取方法,获得最优阈值,最后给出湍流图像去噪实现过程。为验证本文算法,根据客观评价标准峰值信噪比(peak signal to noise ratio,PSNR)和均方根误差(mean square error,MSE),对模拟图像和实测湍流图像进行去噪实验。与DWT-NABayesShrink算法、UWT算法相比,视觉效果更好,PSNR值分别提高7.27%和4.92%,MSE值分别降低26.3%和23.1%。本文算法得到较清晰的目标图像,对湍流退化图像去噪有一定的应用价值。     

Monte-Carlo sure: a black-box optimization of regularization parameters for general denoising algorithms

We consider the problem of optimizing the parameters of a given denoising algorithm for restoration of a signal corrupted by white Gaussian noise. To achieve this, we propose to minimize Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) which provides a means of assessing the true mean-squared error (MSE) purely from the measured data without need for any knowledge about the noise-free signal. Specifically, we present a novel Monte-Carlo technique which enables the user to calculate SURE for an arbitrary denoising algorithm characterized by some specific parameter setting. Our method is a black-box approach which solely uses the response of the denoising operator to additional input noise and does not ask for any information about its functional form. This, therefore, permits the use of SURE for optimization of a wide variety of denoising algorithms. We justify our claims by presenting experimental results for SURE-based optimization of a series of popular image-denoising algorithms such as total-variation denoising, wavelet soft-thresholding, and Wiener filtering/smoothing splines. In the process, we also compare the performance of these methods. We demonstrate numerically that SURE computed using the new approach accurately predicts the true MSE for all the considered algorithms. We also show that SURE uncovers the optimal values of the parameters in all cases.     

双Haar小波变换系数的MAP估计及在图像去噪中的应用

小波变换作为一种新的工具,在信号去噪中得到了重要的应用。本文对双Haar小波变换系数,提出了MAP的估计方法,并对其在图像去噪中的应用进行了讨论。实验表明所提出的小波收缩算法与软门限方法相比较,用于图像去噪时可以给出更好的结果。     

一种小波域与空域相结合的图像滤波方法

利用小波阈值去噪方法和传统空间域Lee 滤波的特点, 提出了一种图像去噪的的组合滤波方案。首先在小波域对图像阈值去噪, 得到预去噪图像; 再在空间域上利用自适应Wiener 滤波器进一步提高恢复图像的精度。为了保证小波域和空间域两种算法之间的匹配, 对预去噪图像中残留噪声的分布进行了研究, 对其噪声方差估计做了改进, 提出了一种估计噪声方差的近似最优公式。仿真实验表明, 与单独的在小波域或空域去噪相比, 该方法的均方误差和信噪比指标均得到了改善。     

一种小波域与空域相结合的图像滤波方法

利用小波阈值去噪方法和传统空间域Lee滤波的特点，提出了一种图像去噪的的组合滤波方案。首先在小波域对图像阈值去噪，得到预去噪图像；再在空间域上利用自适应Wiener滤波器进一步提高恢复图像的精度。为了保证小波域和空间域两种算法之间的匹配，对预去噪图像中残留噪声的分布进行了研究，对其噪声方差估计做了改进，提出了一种估计噪声方差的近似最优公式。仿真实验表明，与单独的在小波域或空域去噪相比，该方法的均方误差和信噪比指标均得到了改善。     

基于小波阈值算法的海杂波信号去噪

为有效提取噪声背景下的海杂波信号,针对海杂波信号非线性非平稳的特点,提出基于小波阈值算法对实测海杂波数据去噪。在噪声水平未知条件下,提出基于噪声主要在高频段且能量较小、信号主要集中在低频段思想的噪声判断准则。为验证小波去噪效果,将该算法对含有噪声的海杂波实测数据进行去噪,采用均方差和降噪信号信噪比两项指标来衡量去噪效果,并与均值和中值等去噪方法对比,小波算法在这两项指标均优于其他算法;此外,实验结果还表明,db2小波在双曲线阈值函数和HeurSure阈值模式下优于其他小波去噪效果。     

阈值法在毫米波目标辐射信号去噪中的应用研究

小波域阈值法去噪以其效果好,易编程实现而广泛应用到图像及信号的去噪中。该文在分析了毫米波目标辐射信号的小波系数特征后,提出使用非负小波系数代替信号的小波系数。对于确定的阈值,推导了重构信号均方差最小时,非负小波系数的去噪方法,实验表明该文算法具有较好的去噪效果。     

基于压缩感知的大功率半导体激光器1／f噪声参数估计

根据1／f噪声结构,基于压缩感知（cs）的正交匹配追踪去噪（OMPDN）算法,以小波树结构为分解条件,提取大功率半导体激光器（LDs）中的白噪声及1／f噪声。以小波基作为稀疏基,高斯随机矩阵作为测量矩阵对信号测量并进行CS的重建,滤除白噪声后准确提取1／f噪声信号进行器件参数估计。实验结果表明,本文方法对高斯白噪声混杂...     

Adaptive Noise Variance Estimation in BayesShrink

A method of noise variance estimation in BayesShrink image denoising is presented. The proposed approach competes with the well known MAD-based method and outperforms this method in more than 99% of our experimental results. The approach, called Residual Autocorrelation Power (RAP), provides a more accurate noise variance estimate and results in a smaller MSE.     

Denoising by singularity detection

A new algorithm for noise reduction using the wavelet transform is proposed. Similar to Mallat's (1992) wavelet transform modulus maxima denoising approach, we estimate the regularity of a signal from the evolution of its wavelet transform coefficients across scales. However, we do not perform maxima detection and processing; therefore, complicated reconstruction is avoided. Instead, the local regularities of a signal are estimated by computing the sum of the modulus of its wavelet coefficients inside the corresponding “cone of influence”, and the coefficients that correspond to the regular part of the signal for reconstruction are selected. The algorithm gives an improved denoising result, as compared with the previous approaches, in terms of mean squared error and visual quality. The new denoising algorithm is also invariant to translation. It does not introduce spurious oscillations and requires very little a priori information of the signal or noise. Besides, we extend the method to two dimensions to estimate the regularity of an image by computing the sum of the modulus of its wavelet coefficients inside the so-called “directional cone of influence”. The denoising technique is applied to tomographic image reconstruction, where the improved performance of the new approach can clearly be observed     

Shearlet变换域自适应图像去噪算法

首先采用Haar小波滤波器,设计出一种数字Shearlet变换算法。然后对Shearlet系数间的相关性进行统计分析,提出了一种尺度相关的自适应阈值收缩图像去噪算法。最后选用峰值信噪比和视觉质量为评价标准,实验验证算法的去噪性能。结果表明,本文算法获得更高的峰值信噪比,更好地保留了图像的细节信息。     

Multiscale modeling and estimation of Poisson processes withapplication to photon-limited imaging

Many important problems in engineering and science are well-modeled by Poisson processes. In many applications it is of great interest to accurately estimate the intensities underlying observed Poisson data. In particular, this work is motivated by photon-limited imaging problems. This paper studies a new Bayesian approach to Poisson intensity estimation based on the Haar wavelet transform. It is shown that the Haar transform provides a very natural and powerful framework for this problem. Using this framework, a novel multiscale Bayesian prior to model intensity functions is devised. The new prior leads to a simple Bayesian intensity estimation procedure. Furthermore, we characterize the correlation behavior of the new prior and show that it has 1/f spectral characteristics. The new framework is applied to photon-limited image estimation, and its potential to improve nuclear medicine imaging is examined     

遗传算法优化小波阈值对水质光谱数据的去噪研究

针对紫外-可见光谱法水质检测系统易受到仪器本身和外界环境的噪声干扰, 所测得的光谱数据存在大量系 统和杂散光噪声的问题, 在对紫外-可见光谱法水质检测系统的噪声源分析的基础上提出将遗传算法应用于小波阈值 优化的去噪方法, 并与小波软阈值、 SG 平滑和中值滤波方法进行了对比。为评价去噪效果, 对同一浓度的邻苯二甲 酸氢钾标液的紫外-可见光谱数据进行去噪实验。在采用遗传算法选取小波最优阈值对标液进行去噪处理的同时, 还 采用传统小波软阈值去噪、 SG 平滑和中值滤波去噪作为对比。为验证该算法的实际可行性, 进一步用这四种方法对 某地排水沟和某污水处理厂排水口的实际水样光谱进行去噪处理。实验结果表明: 基于遗传算法的小波阈值去噪效 果良好, 相较于传统的小波软阈值去噪、 SG 平滑和中值滤波的方法, 信噪比分别提高了 2.2994、 5.7066、 2.6155 dB, 均方根误差分别减小了 0.0028、 0.0087、 0.0033, 峰值信噪比分别提高了 2.0837、 5.2569、 2.7375 dB。基于遗传算法 的小波阈值去噪算法不仅抑制了光谱数据中的噪声, 同时也提高了系统精度, 为紫外-可见光谱法水质光谱去噪处理提 供了一种新的解决办法。     

基于非局部均值滤波的小波红外图像去噪

为避免小波去噪时阈值的缺陷和非局部均值滤波去噪时计算的复杂性和更有效地去除红外图像中的噪声,提出了一种采用非局部均值滤波的小波图像去噪方法.对含噪图像进行多层小波分解,采用新的贝叶斯估计阈值对高频系数进行阈值化处理,以消除高频噪声;在部分低层子带上进行非局部均值处理以进一步消除噪声.实验结果表明,与通常的小波阈值去噪和非局部均值去噪相比,该方法能很好地去除红外图像中的噪声,获得更高的信噪比(Signal To Noise Ratio,SNR)和更小的均方误差(MeanSquared Error,MSE),而且该方法计算相对简单,能达到很好的视觉效果.     

Image denoising algorithm based on even step-length generalized cross validation model

Generalized cross validation (GCV) is a significant mean square error (MSE) estimator. It is widely used for image denoising because it can provide an optimal denoising threshold for these wavelet coefficients of noise image. However, the computational complexity of GCV is higher than that of the universal threshold denoising algorithm. In this study, an efficient and fast image denoising algorithm is proposed based on even step-length (ESL) GCV model. In ESL-GCV model, only the thresholds on even points are calculated from four to the maximum wavelet coefficient. In addition, the ESL-GCV model is optimized using the integer wavelet transform (IWT). These experimental results show that the IWT-based ESL-GCV model can provide lower computational complexity and the better peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) than those of the traditional GCV. The proposed algorithm has important theoretical and practical value for image denoising in the future.     

Image denoising with anisotropic bivariate shrinkage

This paper presents a novel image denoising algorithm based on the modeling of wavelet coefficients with an anisotropic bivariate Laplacian distribution function. The anisotropic bivariate Laplacian model not only captures the child-parent dependency between wavelet coefficients, but also fits the anisotropic property of the variances of wavelet coefficients in different scales of natural images. With this statistical model, we derive a closed-form anisotropic bivariate shrinkage function in the framework of Bayesian denoising and a new image denoising approach with local marginal variance estimation based on this newly derived shrinkage function is proposed in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. The proposed anisotropic bivariate shrinkage approach is also extended to the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) domain to further improve the performance of image denoising. To take full advantage of DT-CWT, a more accurate noise variance estimator is proposed and the way the anisotropic bivariate shrinkage function applied to the magnitudes of DT-CWT coefficients is presented. Experiments were carried out in both the DWT and the DT-CWT domain to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Using a representative set of standard test images corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise, the simulation results show that the proposed method provides promising results and is competitive with the best wavelet-based denoising results reported in the literature both in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and in visual quality.     

基于SURE无偏估计的自适应小波阈值去噪

本文在D.L.Dohono提出的小波阈值去噪的基础上,提出了一种新的阈值函数,与原来的分段阈值函数相比,此函数具有明显优点,表达式简单易于计算,连续可微,易于求导.此函数的这些优点为实现信号的自适应去噪提供了可能.本文应用此阈值函数,基于SURE无偏估计,给出了一种自适应去噪方法.并用受污染的blocks、bumps、heavy sine、doppler等典型信号做实验,实验结果显示此方法能在最小均方误差(MSE)意义上收敛,而且其最小均方误差优于其他文献中的阈值去噪的方法.