大孔树脂吸附法纯化紫薯花色苷的研究

目的研究大孔吸附树脂吸附法纯化紫薯花色苷成分。方法采用大孔吸附树脂静态和动态吸附解吸实验,结合花色苷p H示差法检测技术,分别考察了D101、AB-8、XDA-7、HPD-722、HPD-750、HPD-450、XDA-6、NKA-II、NKA9和S-8 10种吸附树脂对紫薯花色苷的吸附和洗脱性能,探讨大孔树脂柱层析纯化工艺。结果 XDA-7大孔吸附树脂对紫薯花色苷的吸附和洗脱性能较好。吸附过程中上样液浓度为450 mg/L,样液p H为4.0,上样速率为1 BV/h,树脂的饱和吸附容量为10.2 mg/g;洗脱液为60%乙醇溶液,洗脱速率为2BV/h时,洗脱解析率在94%以上,纯化效果较好。结论 XDA-7大孔吸附树脂可用于紫薯花色苷的纯化应用,该纯化分离工艺简单快速,适合紫薯类花色苷的纯化制备。     

大孔吸附树脂富集纯化罗汉果茎叶中山奈苷的工艺研究

目的:探究大孔吸附树脂富集纯化罗汉果茎叶中山奈苷的最佳工艺。方法:以废弃罗汉果茎叶为原料,采用高效液相测定山奈苷含量,以吸附率和解吸率为指标,采用静态吸附试验对5种大孔树脂进行筛选,优选出吸附解吸性能最佳的大孔树脂,并对纯化条件进行优化,确定最佳工艺参数。结果:AB-8型树脂对罗汉果茎叶中山奈苷有较好的吸附和解吸附效果,其工艺为:上样液质量浓度0.8019 mg/mL,吸附流速为2 BV/h,上柱量为13 BV,以5 BV 50%的乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速为2 BV/h,纯化后产品中山奈苷的纯度高达52.12%。结论:AB-8型树脂适合富集纯化罗汉果茎叶中山奈苷。     

大孔树脂纯化灵芝子实体和孢子粉中总三萜

研究比较大孔树脂对灵芝子实体和孢子粉两个不同部位中总三萜的吸附特性,优选其对灵芝总三萜的分离纯化工艺条件。采用紫外分光光度法测定灵芝子实体和孢子粉两个不同部位中总三萜的含量,选择8种大孔树脂,以总三萜吸附率和解吸率为指标,筛选最佳树脂型号,并考察最佳树脂纯化灵芝子实体和孢子粉中总三萜的工艺参数。结果表明：8种大孔树脂中,HPD-500型大孔树脂对灵芝子实体总三萜的吸附解吸效果最好,最佳纯化工艺条件为上样液浓度1.0 g干样/mL,最大上样量2 BV,用8.5 BV的75%乙醇进行洗脱,该工艺下灵芝子实体总三萜纯度达60.59%;而AB-8型大孔树脂对灵芝孢子粉总三萜的吸附解吸效果最好,且最佳纯化工艺条件为上样液浓度0.4 g干样/mL,最大上样量3 BV,用8.5 BV的95%乙醇进行洗脱,该工艺下灵芝孢子粉总三萜纯度达65.48%。综上,HPD-500型和AB-8型大孔树脂分别富集纯化灵芝子实体和灵芝孢子粉中总三萜的工艺效果显著,简单可行,为灵芝三萜的深入探究和工业化纯化灵芝子实体和孢子粉总三萜提供理论依据。     

马兰头总黄酮的大孔树脂纯化工艺优化

目的利用大孔树脂来纯化马兰头中粗黄酮,并确定纯化黄酮的最佳工艺。方法以黄酮回收率为指标,在单因素实验的基础上运用Box-Behnken响应面法(response surface methodology,RSM)设计三因素三水平实验以获得最佳纯化条件。结果 HPD-600大孔吸附树脂纯化马兰头粗提液的最佳工艺条件为:上样浓度0.93 mg/mL、上样pH为3.00、洗脱剂体积分数为84.17%、吸附速率1 BV/h,洗脱速率1 BV/h,此条件下马兰头总黄酮的质量分数由纯化前的4.11%提高到纯化后的50.80%。结论利用HPD-600型大孔树脂可以较好地纯化马兰头中的总黄酮。     

大孔树脂法纯化陕产重楼总皂苷工艺研究

研究陕产重楼中总皂苷利用大孔吸附树脂纯化的最优工艺。应用7种大孔吸附树脂吸附重楼中的总皂苷进行静态实验,筛选得到最佳树脂;通过动态实验确定最佳树脂对重楼总皂苷的纯化的最优工艺参数。结果表明,HPD-400A树脂纯化重楼总皂苷的效果最优,最优工艺条件为上样液质量浓度5mg/mL,上样量8BV,流速3BV/h,解吸流速2BV/h,解吸剂体积分数75%的乙醇,洗脱剂用量4BV,按此工艺条件制备的重楼总皂苷的含量为62.68%;Freundlich等温吸附模型可更好的描述树脂对重楼总皂苷的吸附,采用HPD-400A树脂分离纯化陕产重楼中的总皂苷效果较好。     

大孔树脂分离纯化白柳皮中水杨苷的工艺研究

以白柳皮中水杨苷含量为指标,研究大孔树脂纯化白柳皮中水杨苷的工艺,比较了DA201-CIV、DA201-M8、DA201-H等11种大孔树脂对水杨苷静态吸附和解析性能。结果发现DA201-CIV树脂纯化水杨苷的效果最好,其纯化最佳工艺是:上样浓度4 mg/mL,上样流速1.2 BV/h,解析液乙醇浓度为50%(v/v),解析液用量为2 BV,解析流速为1.5 BV/h,经此工艺纯化后的水杨苷经HPLC检测发现,水杨苷含量可达75.23%,回收率可达94.52%。     

大孔树脂纯化桑白皮多糖的工艺研究

目的:为探索适宜分离和纯化桑白皮多糖的大孔树脂,研究其最佳纯化工艺参数。方法:通过静态吸附-洗脱试验对十种不同型号大孔树脂(H103、HP20、AB-8、X-5、D-101、DM301、DA-201、NKA-9、HPD-722、HPD300)的吸附量、吸附率及解吸率进行考察,优选最佳纯化树脂,并研究了上样液pH、上样质量浓度、上样速度、洗脱剂体积分数、洗脱剂用量及洗脱流速对其纯化工艺的影响,确定最佳纯化工艺参数。结果:D-101型为最优树脂,最佳上样条件为:pH=3.0、上样浓度为4.0 mg/mL、上样速度为2.0 BV/h;最佳洗脱条件为:75%的乙醇洗脱液、洗脱剂用量为3.5 BV、流速为1.0 BV/h。经过该工艺纯化后,桑白皮中多糖的纯度由16.12%±1.20%提高到了74.45%±1.15%。结论:D-101型大孔树脂能够很好的富集、纯化桑白皮中的多糖,为更高效的利用桑白皮资源提供了理论依据。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化翻白草中三萜类化合物及其降血糖作用的研究

研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化翻白草中齐敦果酸和总三萜的最优工艺参数。通过比较8种大孔吸附树脂的吸附性能和解吸性能,筛选出AB-8型大孔吸附树脂,正交实验优选大孔吸附树脂分离纯化翻白草中齐敦果酸和总三萜的最佳工艺条件;并通过大鼠体内降血糖实验,评价翻白草三萜类成分的降血糖效果。结果表明,AB-8型大孔吸附树脂分离纯化翻白草中齐敦果酸和总三萜的最佳工艺条件为:上样液浓度为250 g/L,上样量为3 BV,先以4 BV的30%乙醇除杂,再以7 BV的85%乙醇进行洗脱,洗脱流速为2 BV/h;经过纯化后,齐敦果酸和总三萜的纯度分别为2.67%、58.46%,AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对翻白草中三萜类成分有较好的分离纯化效果,优选的方法简单可行;降血糖研究表明,翻白草三萜类成分降血糖作用明显。     

樟树叶木脂素大孔吸附树脂纯化工艺优化

采用大孔吸附树脂纯化樟树叶醇提液中木脂素类化合物。通过对比6种大孔树脂对樟树叶中木脂素吸附-解吸效果,从中筛选一种最适大孔吸附树脂作为纯化材料,并研究上样浓度、上样流速、上样体积对大孔树脂吸附率的影响,以及洗脱剂浓度、洗脱流速、洗脱剂用量对大孔树脂解吸率的影响,通过正交试验优化大孔树脂纯化木脂素的工艺。试验结果表明,大孔树脂最佳吸附-解吸工艺条件为:7BV上样量、2.12mg/mL上样浓度、1.0 mL/min上样速率、80%乙醇洗脱剂、洗脱流速2BV/h,洗脱剂用量8BV,该条件下樟树叶中木脂素得率为66.68%,纯度为15.91%,表明该大孔树脂对于樟树叶中木脂素纯化效果较好。     

大孔树脂纯化寒富苹果渣多酚工艺优化

通过研究10种大孔树脂对寒富苹果渣多酚的静态吸附及解吸性能,筛选出一种最佳的大孔树脂,并利用这种树脂对寒富苹果多酚的纯化工艺进行优化。结果表明:HPD-826型树脂有较好的吸附和解吸性能,经实验确定其纯化苹果多酚的最佳动态吸附条件:苹果多酚提取液pH为5,浓度在0.5～0.8mg/mL之间,上样速度1mL/min;最佳洗脱条件:洗脱液为60%的乙醇溶液,解吸温度20℃,洗脱流速0.5mL/min。在此条件下,纯化样品的多酚纯度为52.26%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.