山东高炉炼铁技术改造思路

介绍了高炉冶炼设施技术改造先进经验和体会 ,分析了山东高炉炼铁现状 ,提出了扩大高炉容积、改进炉底炉缸结构以及改造热风炉提高高炉入炉风温等山东高炉炼铁技术改造思路     

解决中天钢铁高炉炉壳上涨实践

 高炉炉壳上涨是近几年钢铁企业部分高炉面临的一个难题,控制高炉炉壳上涨对高炉的长寿、安全稳定运行有重要意义。针对中天高炉炉壳上涨问题,以压力容器盲板力的计算为依据,结合长期分析和治理实践,明确了高炉炉壳上涨的关键原因是由炉内压力产生的盲板力所导致;并给出了高炉炉壳上涨的5个具体步骤,炉底板变形,炉内耐材变形,耐材之间出现缝隙,有害金属沿着缝隙富集,炉壳逐步长高。在此基础上,针对性地研发了双炉底板结构,并在中天钢铁的多座高炉上进行了成功应用,解决了高炉炉壳上涨的难题。将探索高炉炉壳上涨原因的焦点从原料、操作、施工和耐材材质等方面转向高炉炉底板自身强度上。     

A New Approach for the Wear Failure Risk of Copper Staves in Blast Furnaces

Copper staves are widely used as cooling systems for blast furnaces. Since the inside wall of the furnaces are completely covered with copper staves, the failure of the system plays a significant role for premature blast furnace relining. Especially the bosh area is the critical part of blast furnaces because it faces high heat load. The damage to the bosh area directly affects the service period of BF’s. The lifetime of furnaces can be prolonged considerably by preventing the premature damage of this section. For this purpose, a new approach has been introduced to define the premature risk factor of copper staves based on design and operation parameters. The data of 34 different blast furnaces obtained from the members of World Steel Assoc. are applied to this new approach to calculate the premature risk factors. The results are recorded and analyzed according to service lifetime and actual wear situations of copper staves. Finally, all these analyzes show that the new approach, which is represented in this paper can be a new design check parameter for blast furnaces and a practical solution to define the premature wear risk of copper staves. Therefore, blast furnace designers and users can extend the blast furnace lifetime by using this new approach resulting in high economic benefits.     

Above Burden Temperature Data Probes Interpretation to Prevent Malfunction of Blast Furnaces ‐ Part 1: Intelligent Information Preprocessing

In the last few years, the use of computers has made it possible to achieve a better image of blast furnace performance, allowing the establishment of models, the comparison of variables and the construction of powerful databases to store the variables and their evolution during the process. Nevertheless, part of the investment made in blast furnace equipment is not properly utilized and a considerable part of the information collected could be put to much better use. The application of modern data mining techniques has overcome these problems. This work shows ways to apply these techniques to data from probes located in the throat or shaft of the blast furnace, as well as how to extract useful information by defining and classifying a set of patterns in classes from temperature profiles that have been linked to the stability of the process in steelworks with blast furnaces.     

21世纪初巨型高炉的技术特征

对近10年国内外建成投产的巨型高炉技术装备进行了阐述,研究分析了当代巨型高炉的技术特征。认为当代巨型高炉在工艺技术装备方面取得了长足进步,在高炉大型化、精料、无料钟炉顶设备与炉料分布控制、高炉长寿、高风温、富氧喷煤、煤气干法除尘等方面成就突出。     

高炉的大型化与长寿化

高炉的大型化已成为炼铁技术发展的主流趋势,如何实现大型高炉长寿化是目前亟待解决的问题。同时,就大型高炉的技术指标评价和炉缸炉底设计等方面提出了建议。     

重钢3×2500m~3高炉采用的新技术

重钢3座2500m~3高炉采用了多项新技术、新工艺,如铁水一罐制、全软水密闭循环冷却系统、综合长寿技术、改进型高风温顶燃式热风炉、改进型嘉恒水渣处理工艺、全干法煤气除尘技术、高炉操作专家系统等,为实现高炉高效、低耗、长寿、环保创造了有利条件。     

新型高炉炉前移盖机

国内外高炉生产实践证明,移盖机是现代化大型高炉实现炉前机械化不可缺少的关键设备之一。结合国内大中型高炉风口平台出铁场炉前移盖机的结构设计特点和现场运行情况,介绍一种已投入工业化应用的新型全液压炉前移盖机,并详细阐述了其机械和液压系统构成、机构设计原理、运动特征分析和关键计算分析。     

宝钢大型高炉的开炉操作

对宝钢大型高炉的开炉操作经验进行了总结。认为大型高炉的开炉投产,是一项复杂、繁琐的系统工程, 根据工程项目建成时间合理有序地安排设备调试、热风炉烘炉、高炉开炉等工作,可以按预定计划完成高炉开炉,并取得最佳的经济效益。     

高炉炉缸死铁层深度优化设计

 高炉炉缸死铁层深度是高炉重要设计参数之一,死铁层深度对高炉寿命影响重大。针对大型高炉死铁层深度优化问题,基于2 000、2 500、3 000、4 000、5 000 m3级的国内外部分高炉死铁层深度统计情况,得出中国死铁层深度占炉缸直径的19.7%～23.3%的现状。通过建立高炉死料柱的受力模型,在保证死料柱浮起的条件下,计算出2 000、3 000、4 000及5 000 m3级高炉死铁层适宜深度占比分别为23.8%、24.3%、24.8%、25.5%。通过分析高炉设计参数及操作参数与死铁层深度的关系,提出高炉在实际生产中,为促进死料柱浮起及增大死铁层实际深度,可采取适当增大焦比、减小块状带孔隙率、增大风速、减小鼓风压力与炉顶压力的差值、控制死料柱孔隙率为0.40～0.48等措施,为死铁层优化设计和高炉操作提供指导。     

首钢高炉长寿的实践

从高炉长寿的制约因素出发,总结了首钢高炉长寿的日常及强化维护措施,通过对炉缸工作状态控制、煤气分布控制、操作炉型管理、炉前作业、看水作业等日常维护措施与含钛料护炉、喷补造衬、硬质料压入、冷却壁更换等强化维护措施,较好的解决了高炉长寿与强化冶炼的矛盾。     

安钢170t铁水罐运行作业实践与分析

170t铁水罐是安钢两座2000m3级高炉铁水运输的主要设备,其运行数量的多少和维护质量的好坏直接影响着高炉和炼钢能否正常生产。分析了安钢170t铁水罐的实际运行状况,针对存在的问题进行了研究,通过加强铁水罐内衬的科学管理,针对导致粘罐的不同原因制定相应的预防措施与处理对策,保证了铁水罐的正常使用寿命,减少了粘罐现象的发生,使170t铁水罐在安钢运行效果良好。     

Optimization of a Steel Plant with Multiple Blast Furnaces Under Biomass Injection

The allocation of resources between several blast furnaces in an integrated steelmaking plant is studied with the aim of finding the lowest specific operation cost for steel production. In order to reduce the use of fossil fuels, biomass was considered as an auxiliary reductant in the furnace after partial pyrolysis in an external unit, as a complement to heavy fuel oil. The optimization considers raw material, energy, and emission costs and a possible credit for sold power and heat. To decrease computational requirements and to guarantee that the global optimum is found, a piecewise linearized model of the blast furnace was used in combination with linear models of the sinter-, coke-, and power plants, hot stoves, and basic oxygen furnace. The optimization was carried out under different constraints on the availability of some raw materials as well as for different efficiencies of the hot stoves of the blast furnaces. The results indicate that a non-uniform distribution of the production between the furnaces can be advantageous, and some surprising findings concerning the optimal resource allocation under constrained operation are reported.     

广钢3号高炉大修方案对比分析

广钢两座进入炉龄晚期的高炉，炉体破损，设备老化，技术经济指标恶化，安全生产受到威胁，对高炉大修刻不容缓，3^#高炉采取易地方式进行大修，既可把高炉停炉造成公司生产减产和降低经济效益的影响降至最低，又能彻底改变高炉对环境的污染状况。     

适应高比例球团冶炼的高炉系统设计与生产实践

 当前中国钢铁工业面临着节能减排、绿色发展等多重压力,呈现出减量化和创新性发展的新形态。在非高炉炼铁关键技术取得重大突破及大规模应用前,以高炉为主的炼铁工艺在一段时间内仍将保持主体地位。而高比例球团冶炼是当前中国高炉炼铁的发展方向,是未来钢铁工业实现减污降碳的必然趋势。为了进一步推动高比例球团技术的研发与应用,从球团矿的物理化学性质出发,阐述了球团矿在高炉内的行为,分析了限制球团矿比例提高的因素,从冶金反应机理到工程实践总结了未来高比例球团冶炼的高炉系统设计发展方向,提出以低碳绿色为前提、以资源和能源利用为基础、以智能化装备为支撑的高炉设计理念。通过对比分析国内外多种高炉炉型、冷却系统、炉缸炉底设计方案,重点分析了多段式炉身、全铸铁冷却壁、串罐无钟炉顶在高比例球团冶炼中的优势,归纳了矿焦槽、热风炉及自动化检测与模型控制等技术特点,给出了适应高比例球团冶炼的高炉系统设计建议。根据球团矿在高炉内的反应机理以及操作炉型对强化冶炼的影响,提出合理的炉料结构的确定方法,最佳的炉料碱度控制标准,以及装料、送风、出铁、热、渣等操作制度。最后,通过高炉冶炼实践,验证了高比例球团冶炼技术经济指标的进步,为今后高比例球团冶炼高炉系统设计及优化方向奠定了基础。     

宣钢3#高炉节能改造

宣钢炼铁厂对3#高炉及其外围设备在运行过程中积累的能源消耗高等矛盾进行研究和改造优化,主要进行了炉顶设备、外围附属设备的节能改造,满足了高炉高强度稳定生产的要求。     

俄罗斯哥萨亚山炼铁厂1号新高炉第一年生产经验

哥萨亚山炼铁厂(Kosaya Gora,KMZ,Kosogorsky,MZ)是一个非全流程炼铁厂,有3座高炉,生产商品生铁与铁锰合金。该厂位于俄罗斯欧洲部分的中心,有经营和成本的要求,有定点的原料基地。近期,1号高炉利用生产高质量产品的方法,通过最先进的炼铁技术、设备及耐材完成了现代化改造。描述了新高炉的建设,包括生产参数设计等的技术方案和一些主要项目的实施情况,涉及独特的配料系统、鼓风参数及铁水(生铁)品质。讨论了工艺技术特点,如开炉与日常操作等,着重阐述了使用最新的保尔沃特(Paul Wurth)无料钟炉顶布料技术后,从炉顶开始控制高炉生产的可能性。介绍开工后一年的生产实绩和未来发展规划。     

Thermal physics as the basis for energy and resource conservation in steelmaking

This article outlines improvements in metallurgical technology achieved on the basis of the integration of thermal physics and information science by the Ural school of specialists in metallurgy and thermal physics. In recent years, mathematical modeling, combined with physical modeling, has significantly reduced the optimization time in the thermal design and debugging of new technologies and equipment. Sintering machines have been modernized by introducing automatic control of the thermal and gas-dynamic processes and by designing new ignition hearths. These measures, besides improving heat and mass transfer, have boosted the performance of sintering plants in Russia and elsewhere, while reducing their environmental impact. In pellet roasting, a refined gas-flow system has been organized, and the gas lines have been reconstructed. As a result, the productivity has increased by 10–17%, with 8–15% decrease in the fuel consumption. The losses of gas after purification have fallen by 50–58%. Roasting machines in Russia, Brazil, and Iran have been reconstructed. In recent years, software has been developed for blast furnaces and introduced at Russia’s largest steelworks: OAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat. In blast furnaces, new air heaters for the blast produce temperatures of 1300°C or more by means of furnace gas and air, without added natural gas. In addition, systems processing metallurgical liquid slag at rates of 3–15 t/min and producing granulated slag at a rate of 0.66–2.0 million t/yr have been built at Russian, Ukrainian, Indian, and Chinese steel plants. A system is also operating successfully at the Norilsk Nickel plant. The thermal conditions in heating furnaces and equipment of various types have been improved on the basis of mathematical simulation of thermophysical processes by means of a dynamic zonal–point model of radiant and complex heat transfer. This method performs well in practice. In recent years, new furnace designs have been developed, and hundreds of heating furnaces have been modernized. Optimal thermal organization has significantly reduced fuel consumption, improved heating of the metal, and resulted in higher quality of the heat-treated product.     

高炉炉缸炉底破损研究

根据近年来武钢2座大型高炉破损调查的资料,分析炉缸、炉底耐火材料破损的特征和原因。炉缸、炉底产生环形裂缝的主要原因是碱金属和锌的侵蚀,重点讨论锌对产生环形裂缝的影响。基于对炉衬侵蚀机理的分析,提出了能满足炉缸、炉底长寿要求的适宜的耐火材料。用于炉缸、炉底的耐火材料应具备导热率高、微孔或超微孔、抗铁水渗透性好和抗铁水熔蚀性好等性能。     

高炉喷煤控制系统

介绍了莱钢两座 75 0 m3高炉的喷煤控制系统 ,包括系统的结构、控制策略以及对控制功能的研究分析。在高炉炼铁过程中采用富氧大喷煤可以大量节省焦炭 ,较大幅度地降低炼铁成本