利用实时荧光PCR方法检测转Bt基因大米

应用实时荧光PCR技术对转基因大米进行了定性和定量检测研究.本研究以转基因B163大米为材料,采用TaqMan探针技术,对大米中的内源基因蔗糖磷酸合酶SPS和转基因水稻中普遍存在的外源基因CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子以及苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthndngiemis,简写为Bt)杀虫晶体蛋白基因Cry1Ac进行了实时荧光PCR研究,并对外源基因Cry1Ac进行了定量检测和敏感性分析.该实时荧光PCR方法检测结果和常规PCR结果一致,同时不用进行凝胶电泳,更为快速、简便,降低了污染机会,可用于转Bt基因大米的定性和定量检测.     

转基因大豆MON89788实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

为实现转基因大豆MON89788的标识管理,针对转基因大豆MON89788的品系特异性序列设计引物和TaqMan探针,建立转基因大豆MON89788实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行检测。结果显示：建立的转基因大豆MON89788实时荧光PCR检测方法能扩增出127 bp的产物,特异性强,灵敏度达到0.1%,约为40 个单倍体基因组拷贝,检测重复性好,可成功应用于实际样品检测。因此,建立的转基因大豆MON89788实时荧光PCR检测方法可以应用于转基因大豆MON89788大豆及其制品的检测。     

实时荧光聚合酶链式反应法检测食品中猫源性成分

根据猫线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸氧化还原酶亚基1（ND1）基因中的保守序列设计猫特异性引物和TaqMan探针,建立食品中猫源性成分的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测方法。通过实时荧光PCR反复验证,结果表明,引物和TaqMan探针对猫源性成分的特异性良好,检测灵敏度可达1 pg,适用于食品中猫源性成分的快速鉴定。通过对随机抽取的市售肉制品的检测,尚未发现掺有猫源性成分的行为。     

北极苹果结构特异性实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测方法建立

目的为实现转基因北极苹果(Arctic~(TM) apple)目的标识管理,建立特异性实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测方法。方法针对转基因北极苹果特异性序列设计引物和TaqMan探针,建立转基因北极苹果实时荧光PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行检测。结果建立的转基因北极苹果实时荧光PCR特异性强,定量检测限为20拷贝,扩增效率为96%,检测重复性良好。结论建立的特异性实时荧光PCR法可应用于转基因北极苹果的鉴定。     

转基因鲑鱼AquAdvantage品系特异性实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测方法的建立

目的实现转基因鲑鱼AquAdvantage的标识管理,建立其品系特异性实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测方法。方法针对转基因鲑鱼的品系特异性序列设计引物和TaqMan探针,建立转基因鲑鱼实时荧光PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行检测。结果建立的转基因鲑鱼实时荧光PCR方法特异性强,在600 000~60拷贝范围内呈良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为y=-3.2194x+40.805,R~2=0.997,检测限为60拷贝,检测重复性良好。结论建立的品系特异性实时荧光PCR方法可应用于转基因鲑鱼AquAdvantage的鉴定。     

转基因检测微流控恒温扩增芯片的研制

近年来环介导等温扩增技术（Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP）越来越多地应用于转基因农作物、微生物等的基因检测中。为了提高相关检测机构的转基因产品检测效率,加快进出口食品农产品的通关速度,本文首次使用碟式芯片环介导恒温扩增技术,在65 ℃恒温条件下,对样品中的P-CaMV35S、T-NOS、NPTⅡ、BAR、PAT、Cry1Ac、EPSPS I、EPSPS II、FMV35S和GM-HRA等转基因靶标进行同步检测,检出限可达到0.5%（m/m）,实现一次上样即可完成样品的转基因成分筛查。该方法特异性和灵敏度良好、检测时间较短,可实时读取扩增结果。对实际样品的检测结果表明,该方法的检测结果与实时荧光PCR方法的完全一致。本文开发的转基因检测微流控恒温扩增碟式芯片,可用于常见农产品（大豆、玉米、大米和棉花等）的转基因成分筛查,为转基因产品的定性检测提供了新的快速、灵敏、高通量技术平台。     

实时荧光PCR技术快速检测奶制品中掺入的大米源性成分

目的:建立基于实时荧光PCR技术的奶制品中掺入大米源性成分的快速检测方法。方法:以水稻的根部表达基因(gos9)为靶基因设计特异性引物和探针,经特异性实验和灵敏度实验验证引物探针可行性,并经模拟含大米奶粉及市售奶类制品检测验证其实际检测能力。结果:该引物探针体系只针对大米DNA进行扩增,与奶类主成分牛、羊及其它谷类和植物性食物DNA均无交叉扩增;最低能检测到0.1ng的大米DNA,对含大米粉的模拟混合奶粉样品,检出限可达0.1%(W/W)。将其应用于21份市售奶制品样品检测,对含大米源性成分的奶制品扩增阳性,检测结果与食品标签相符。结论:该实时荧光PCR检测体系具有快速、特异、灵敏的优点,可以准确鉴定出奶制品中大米成分,适用于奶类中掺加大米源性成分的检测。     

基于实时荧光PCR技术鉴别梅花鹿

目的建立基于TaqMan实时荧光PCR技术鉴别梅花鹿的分析方法。方法通过对梅花鹿线粒体D-loop基因序列比对分析,选取梅花鹿D-loop基因特异位点作为扩增靶序列,设计梅花鹿特异性的引物和TaqMan探针,并用已知样本对引物和TaqMan探针的物种特异性、灵敏性进行验证。结果该引物和探针对梅花鹿成分检测具有较强的特异性,与其他物种DNA无交叉扩增,该方法的检测灵敏度为0.01ng/μL。结论本方法具有较高的特异性和灵敏度,适用于对肉类以及其他梅花鹿产品的物种的鉴别。     

转基因大米TT51-1品系精准定量检测方法的比较研究

基于大米蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)基因和TT51-1品系特异性基因序列筛选适用于数字PCR的内、外源基因特异性引物探针并建立转基因大米TT51-1品系的双重数字PCR定量方法。其定量的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度分别达2 copies/μL和0.1%。当样品中TT51-1转基因大米成分含量低至0.1%时,6次定量值的相对标准偏差在7.30%~18.63%之间,偏差在-8.77%~9.62%之间,精密度和稳定性均较为理想,而同样的引物探针所建立的实时荧光PCR方法定量的相对灵敏度仅达到1%。为促进该方法的标准化应用,将微滴式数字PCR平台上建立的定量方法在芯片式数字PCR平台上进行室内验证,结果表明该方法的定量精密度和准确性符合要求。该方法可应用于大米、稻谷及其初加工产品中TT51-1转基因大米成分的精准定量检测。     

痕量及微量转基因大米成分半巢式PCR检测方法的建立

采用半巢式PCR技术建立了食品中痕量及微量转基因大米成分的检测方法。根据大米内源SPS基因以及转基因大米Bt63含有的外源Cry1A(b)/Cry1A(c)融合基因和Btc基因,分别设计了6对普通与半巢式PCR引物。扩增结果显示,针对理论DNA浓度的检测灵敏度,普通PCR扩增灵敏度为1ng/μl左右,半巢式PCR扩增灵敏度达到10-3～10-4ng/μl,半巢式PCR比普通PCR方法提高了103～104倍;在质量百分比的检测灵敏度方面,普通PCR方法扩增灵敏度在0.1%～1%之间,半巢式PCR方法的检测灵敏度能够达到0.001%～0.01%,半巢式PCR比普通PCR方法要提高10倍以上。在实际样品的检测中,速冻汤圆、婴儿米粉及芝士小圆饼等食品经普通PCR扩增,其内源SPS基因条带模糊或未扩增到,进一步采用半巢式PCR扩增后,能够得到清晰明亮的特异性条带。所有样品均未扩增到外源Cry1A(b)/Cry1A(c)和Btc基因。     

Rapid, specific detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in pooled eggs by real-time PCR

An assay was developed for the specific detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in eggs with the use of an application of the fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay (TaqMan). In this assay, a segment of the gene sefA specific to Salmonella group D strains such as Salmonella Enteritidis was used. The amplification of the target gene products was monitored in real-time by incorporating a fluorescent dye-labeled gene-specific probe in the PCR reaction. This method correctly detected and distinguished Salmonella Enteritidis from nearly 50 of non-group D Salmonella and other non-Salmonella strains. Detection of the sefA gene was linear for DNA extracted from approximately 10(2) to 10(9) CFU/ml in phosphate-buffered saline and 10(3) to 10(8) CFU/ml in raw egg. In two trials, when applied to detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in homogenized egg pools and compared with conventional culture methods, the newly developed PCR method yielded a 100% correlation with results obtained by a conventional culture method. However, the PCR method required only 2 days, compared to the 5 days required by the culture method. The sensitivity of this assay was approximately less than 1 CFU/600 g of egg pool. The real-time PCR assay proved to be a rapid, highly sensitive test for detection and quantification of low concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg samples.     

Detection of chicken and turkey meat in meat mixtures by using real-time PCR assays

In this study, TaqMan-based real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques were developed for the detection of chicken and turkey meat in raw and heat-treated meat mixtures. Primers and TaqMan probe sets were designed to amplify 86 bp and 136 bp fragments for the chicken and turkey species, respectively, on the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene. In the results, it was possible to detect each species at the level of 0.1 pg template DNA with the TaqMan probe technique without any cross-reactivity with nontarget species (bovine, ovine, donkey, pork, and horse) while the detection level was 1 pg template DNA using conventional PCR. The TaqMan probe assays used in this study allowed the detection of as little as 0.001% level of both species in the experimental meat mixtures, prepared by mixing chicken and turkey meat with beef at different levels (0.001% to 10%). In conclusion, TaqMan probe assays developed in this research are promising tools in the specific identification and sensitive quantification of meat species even in the case of heat-treated meat products, and suitable for a rapid, automated, and routine analysis.     

荧光PCR和数字PCR法检测转基因DAS-44406-6品系大豆

目的：建立实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测转基因DAS-44406-6品系大豆的定性检测方法和使用数字PCR检测转基因DAS-44406-6品系大豆的定量检测方法。方法：针对转基因DAS-44406-6大豆品系,进行5’-RACE,测定该品系转基因大豆外源片段与大豆染色体重组的边界序列,并根据该边界序列设计引物和探针。使用23 种非DAS-44406-6品系转基因植物作为阴性对照测试实时荧光PCR引物和探针的特异性,以DAS-44406-6品系样品制备6 个含量梯度的样品进行检测低限实验。使用数字PCR技术进行定量检测,并确定定量检测的低限。结果：建立的转基因DAS-44406-6大豆品系的实时荧光PCR特异性检测方法品系鉴定特异性较强,实时荧光PCR检测方法的检测低限在模板DNA浓度为100 ng/反应时,为0.01%的转基因大豆含量,约为16.6 个拷贝的DAS-44406-6基因组DNA;数字PCR检测方法的检测低限在模板DNA浓度为0.5 ng/反应、转基因大豆含量为1%时,相对标准偏差为0.7%。因此,建立的转基因DAS-44406-6大豆品系实时荧光PCR和数字PCR特异性检测方法符合转基因检测的要求。     

荧光定量PCR检测发酵豆酱中黄曲霉毒素相关基因nor-1

建立了TaqMan荧光定量PCR快速检测产黄曲霉毒素曲霉菌的方法,并将其应用于发酵豆酱中。以黄曲霉毒素合成相关结构基因nor-1基因作为靶标基因,设计特异性引物及TaqMan探针,以含nor-1基因的质粒为模板建立标准曲线,将其应用于豆酱发酵过程中nor-1基因的动态监测,并与传统平板培养法测定产毒曲霉菌结果相比较。结果显示,两检测方法呈较好的相关性,Pearson等级相关系数为0.808,P=0.098。灵敏度及特异性检测结果显示,该方法灵敏度达10CFU/mL,特异性针对含nor-1基因的曲霉菌。所建立的方法检测时间短,仅6h即能完成整个过程,相比传统平板培养法,具有优势。该研究在国内首次建立了快速、灵敏、准确的荧光定量检测方法检测豆酱中黄曲霉毒素相关基因nor-1,能够在黄曲霉毒素产生前期,对产毒曲霉菌污染状况进行监测以更好控制食品中黄曲霉毒素,提高食品安全性。     

Qualitative detection and quantification of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cry1A(b)</Emphasis> transgene present in rice cv. Zhejing 22

The rice cultivar Zhejing 22 has been transformed to carry the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A(b) gene in 2007. Although the cultivation of this line (referred to as Bt-ZJ22) is yet to be authorized, it is likely to be approved in China in the near future. The transgene-host 3’ integration junction was isolated using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, and its sequence was used to design PCR primers and an appropriate TaqMan probe for a real-time PCR quantitative assay of the transgene. The limit of detection for a standard PCR assay was estimated at ten gene copies, while that for the real-time PCR assay was 5–10 copies. The latter assay was tested on samples of rice DNA with either 5, 3, 1, or 0.5% Bt-ZJ22; this produced estimates for the relative content of Bt-ZJ22 of, respectively, 5.3, 3.2, 0.97, and 0.48%. The precision of these estimates demonstrated that this real-time PCR assay should be suitable for the detection and monitoring of this transgenic event.     

实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术快速鉴定仿刺参

基于仿刺参线粒体COX1基因、NAD4基因分别设计特异性检测引物和探针,采用TaqMan探针实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术进行仿刺参的特异性鉴定检测。对21 种海参样品进行实时荧光PCR检测的特异性检验,并对每个样品做3 个平行实验,计算Ct平均值、标准偏差及变异系数,评估检测方法的重复性。结果表明：所设计的引物和探针可以特异性的鉴别仿刺参,方法的变异系数均小于2%,表明本研究设计的引物和探针具有良好的重复性。本研究所建立的快速检测仿刺参的方法快速、简便,既克服了传统海参鉴别方法的局限性,同时又结合了荧光PCR技术高效率、低污染的优点,为仿刺参真伪鉴别研究提供了有价值的参考意见。     

Authentication of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using real-time PCR

A real-time PCR assay based on LNA TaqMan probe technology was developed for the detection and identification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Among the advantages it is worth highlighting simplicity, rapidity, highest potential for automation and minor risk of contamination of this technique. The TaqMan real-time PCR is the currently most suitable method for screening, allowing the detection of fraudulent or unintentional mislabelling of this species. The method can be applied to all kind of products, fresh, frozen and processed products, including those undergoing intensive processes of transformation.     

实时荧光PCR法鉴定食品中双歧杆菌

根据双歧杆菌属16S rRNA基因的保守区序设计特异性引物和探针,建立一种鉴定食品中双歧杆菌属的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测方法。对方法的特异性、灵敏度、重复性和体系抗干扰能力进行验证,最后采用该方法对市售25 份标示含双歧杆菌样品进行检测。结果表明：该检测方法可特异性检测双歧杆菌属细菌,对近缘的乳杆菌属、链球菌属及食品中常见菌群包括大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等均无扩增。双歧杆菌DNA检测绝对灵敏度可达到2 pg,相对灵敏度可达到104 CFU/mL。重复性测试表明相对标准偏差小于1%。同时进行了杂菌干扰检测实验,在培养物水平和纯基因组DNA水平上将青春双歧杆菌ATCC15703与大肠杆菌ATCC25922混合进行检测,检出Ct值较纯菌检测时无显著影响,表明建立的荧光PCR方法抗干扰能力良好。对25 份市售实际样品进行测试,有5 份标识含有“双歧杆菌”的样品未检测出双歧杆菌成分。本研究所建立的实时荧光PCR法能准确、快速检测食品中双歧杆菌属细菌。