基于PCA与BP混合神经网络算法的电子鼻系统

为了对食物品质进行非接触式评价,基于6种费加罗金属氧化物气体传感器阵列,通过由数据采集模块和微处理器模块组成的硬件设计方案,设计并研制了可对被测食物进行实时、无损检测的电子鼻系统。在软件设计方案上,该系统采用主成分分析(PCA)和反向传播(BP)混合神经网络模式,通过LabVIEW对气体"指纹信息"数据库进行分析。实验结果表明:该设计的电子鼻系统可以很好地区分不同种类的食醋,并提供了一种对食醋品质评价的便利方法。     

电子鼻动态模式信息采集电路设计

动态检测技术在电子鼻中的应用是国内外电子鼻研究的一个前沿热点,实现动态检测的关键是能使电子鼻的环境参数能动态变化的硬件电路.为了满足动态测量的需要,设计了能对半导体氧化物气体传感器阵列进行动态加热的自动温控模块和气体传感器的信号拾取模块,以便满足动态测量的需要,把该动态加热电路应用到电子鼻实验系统中,对三种不同的饮料样本在不同的条件下进行反复实验,识别的准确率均达到100%.     

基于传感器阵列与神经网络的气体检测系统

在分析研究电子鼻理论和系统组成的基础上,设计构建了一套传感器阵列与人工神经网络相结合的混合气体检测系统.并采用该系统对三种气体传感器(一氧化碳CO、二氧化硫SO2和二氧化氮NO2)进行了实验,对实验数据用神经网络(BP和 RBF)进行了分析、识别和气体体积分数的计算.结果显示该检测系统识别准确,不仅能够解决气体传感器交叉敏感问题,提高器件的选择性,而且具有智能化和多功能化等优点.     

基于智能电子鼻的冰箱冷藏食品新鲜度原位检测技术

为了满足人们对冰箱内食品新鲜度、营养以及安全食品的需求,通过智能电子鼻来检测冰箱冷藏室(4℃)内存储的食品新鲜程度,用于食品检测的电子鼻系统主要由气体传感器阵列和食品新鲜度识别算法组成,可以记录食物不同新鲜度的气味特征? 传感器阵列由金属氧化物半导体传感器构成,可以实时记录冰箱中食品的气味变化,同时采用模式识别算法 对食品新鲜程度作出新鲜、次新鲜和腐败的区分。针对冰箱中存储的肉类、蔬菜和水果,进行了多种食品实验测试。实验结果表明,开发的电子鼻系统对冰箱内的食品新鲜度变化具有良好的灵敏度。因此,采用电子鼻获取食品的气味变化是一种无 损、低成本的检测手段,该技术可以做到实时检测冰箱中食品的新鲜度。     

霉变小麦的电子鼻区分及其传感器阵列选择优化

采用电子鼻区分不同霉变程度的扬麦23号样品,连续检测不同霉变程度小麦样品,并记录检测数据。将检测数据耦合到双稳态随机共振系统,调解系统参数诱发产生共振,依据系统输出信噪比特征值建立小麦霉变程度预测模型。为了提高电子鼻对霉变小麦样品区分效果,进行了电子鼻传感器负荷加载分析,对电子鼻传感器阵列进行了优化研究,结果表明传感器阵列优化可有效提高电子鼻检测小麦霉变程度的准确度。采用华麦6号样品构建验证实验,结果证明所建立的方法具有较好的应用意义,并具有普遍意义上的适用性。     

一种基于计算机嗅觉的卷烟等级识别方法

为利用计算机嗅觉系统(电子鼻)快速、简便地识别同种品牌不同等级的卷烟,选取三种不同等级的“双喜”牌卷烟作为实验对象,利用PEN3电子鼻分别检测整盒(未开封)、滤嘴、烟丝、烟纸、烟气等5个方面的气味,并利用主成分分析(PCA)和主成分分析+线性判别分析(PCA+LDA)分别对该5种气味信息进行分析.最后利用相关性分析对整盒气味信息的待测样本进行了区分测试.结果显示:单独利用5种气味的信息都区分出三种等级,其中区分效果由优到劣依次是滤嘴、烟气、整盒、烟丝、烟纸.利用相关性分析方法对整盒待测样品的测试正确率达100％.     

用于绍兴黄酒总糖含量预测的电子鼻系统构建及其实验研究

构建了电子鼻检测系统,用于绍兴黄酒总糖含量的快速预测,采用具有8种气体传感器的电子鼻系统检测了元红、花雕、善酿、香雪4种经典黄酒样品,同时实验检测了黄酒样品的总糖含量,采用非线性双重叠加随机共振提取电子鼻检测数据的特征值,采用特征值结合黄酒样品总糖含量检验结果建立了总糖含量预测模型.该模型不但可以预测黄酒样品的总糖含量,而且可以实现黄酒样品的类型检测.该方法在黄酒品质分析领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于ARM9一Linux的嵌入式电子鼻系统的实现

研制了一种以ARM9为控制芯片,搭载Linux的电子鼻系统。系统硬件由自动进气装置、密闭气室、传感器阵列、数据采集模块构成。控制软件界面采用QT编写,完成了嵌入式终端软件和上位机软件。该系统能够实现对气体进行自动进气、数据采样、数据保存,采样曲线实时显示监控等功能。并能利用MATLAB编写的电子鼻气味识别分析软件对数据进行分类识别算法分析,达到智能识别不同气味的目的。实验证明,此嵌入式电子鼻系统体积小、携带方便、稳定度高、成本低,能够实现对多种不同的气味进行准确识别。     

基于金属氧化物传感器阵列的小麦霉变程度检测

研制了一套由8个金属氧化物传感器组成、用于检测小麦霉变的电子鼻系统.使用该电子鼻对不同霉变程度和掺入不同百分比含量霉麦的小麦样品进行检测.通过方差分析和主成分分析优化传感器阵列并去掉冗余传感器,对优化后的数据进行主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA),其中PCA的前两个主成分对两类实验结果分析的总贡献率为98.30％和99.27％,LDA前两个判别因子对两类实验结果分析的总贡献率为99.68％和93.30％,且由得分图可知两种方法均能很好地区分不同的小麦样品.利用BP神经网络建立预测模型,对样品菌落总数和掺入样品中霉麦的百分比进行预测.两种预测模型的预测值和测量值之间的相关系数分别为0.91和0.94,表明预测模型具有较好预测性能.     

基于逐步判别分析和BP神经网络的电子鼻猪肉储藏时间预测

旨在探讨一种快速检测猪肉储藏时间的电子鼻方法.本研究采用德国Airsense公司的PEN 2型便携式电子鼻对不同储藏时间(0～7 d)的猪肉样品进行检测,每天检测42个样品,每个样品质量为10 g,密封时间为5 min.提取第60 s数据进行线性判别分析,结果显示电子鼻能较好的区分不同储藏天数的猪肉样品.同时用逐步判别分析和BP神经网络对猪肉储藏时间进行预测,训练集的准确率,前者为100%,后者为94.17%,而预测集的准确率,前者为97.92%,后者为93.75%.研究表明电子鼻技术有望在猪肉新鲜度快速检测上得到广泛的应用.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.