瞬间液相(TLP)扩散连接GH4169/TC4接头的微观结构及力学性能

为制备镍基高温合金/钛合金复合构件,拓展二者应用领域,以Ti/Ni复合箔片作为中间层,采用瞬间液相(TLP)扩散连接技术制备了GH4169高温合金/TC4钛合金接头,并对接头微观结构、力学性能和连接机理进行了研究和探讨。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、万能试验机和显微硬度仪等对GH4169/TC4接头进行连接界面和断口形貌观察、成分表征、剪切性能和显微硬度测试,结果表明:在连接温度960℃,连接压力5 MPa,保温时间30min的工艺条件下,通过中间层与母材之间的元素扩散和化学反应,形成了"GH4169/Ni(s,s)/TiNi_3/Ti_2Ni/Ti/T_i2Ni/Ni/TiNi+Ti_2Ni/TC4"的多层梯度结构接头,除了"Ni/TiNi+Ti_2Ni"界面处存在一定的孔洞和微裂纹,其余各连接界面连续致密,无明显缺陷。所制备GH4169/TC4接头各区域硬度起伏较大,其中,残余Ti层、Ni层区域硬度最低,有利于缓解接头的内应力;GH4169侧界面区域硬度最高,主要是由于连接过程中形成的Ni(s,s)和TiNi_3硬度较高。结合接头剪切性能测试、断口形貌和物相分析,所制备GH4169/TC4接头抗剪切强度达124.6MPa,开裂发生在TC4附近的"Ni/TiNi+Ti_2Ni"界面区域,呈脆性断裂特征。     

等离子喷涂制备MoSi<sub>2</sub>-CoNiCrAlY复合涂层的高温氧化行为

以高能球磨法制备的纳米MoSi<sub>2</sub>-CoNiCrAlY复合粉末为喷涂材料,利用等离子喷涂技术在GH4169合金表面沉积了MoSi<sub>2</sub>-CoNiCrAlY复合涂层,并研究了GH4169基材和复合涂层合金试样在900°C静态大气环境下的循环氧化行为。结果表明：复合涂层表现出较好的抗高温氧化性能,其氧化速率仅为1.23×10<sub>-7</sub> mg<sub>2</sub>.cm<sub>-4</sub>.s<sub>-1</sub>,这归因于MoSi<sub>2</sub>在氧化早期形成了SiO<sub>2</sub>相,可以自封氧化膜。氧化后期SiO<sub>2</sub>的脱落,Mo<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>相的再次氧化生成MoO<sub>3</sub>和MoO<sub>2</sub>气相,以及MoSi<sub>2</sub>的内氧化直接气化,会降低涂层的抗氧化性能。     

TC4/Ni/ZQSn10-2-3扩散连接

采用镍箔做中间层,在真空下对TC4和ZQSn10-2-3进行扩散连接.使用扫描电镜对接头的界面组织进行了研究.确定TC4/Ni/ZQSn10-2-3接头的界面结构是TC4/β-Ti/Ti2Ni/TiNi/TiNi31Ni/Cu(Cu,Ni)/ZQSn10-2-3.通过最优工艺试验,确定最佳工艺参数为连接温度830℃,连接压力10 MPa,连接时间30 min.此时接头最大抗剪强度为135 MPa,接头断口为带有一定塑性的结晶状形貌.通过x射线衍射对断口分析认为,断裂位于TC4/Ni界面处的金属间化合物TiNi3层.     

TA32钛合金高温连续氧化行为研究

本文采用增重法研究了表面有/无喷涂高温润滑剂的TA32钛合金在热成形温度750℃~850℃范围内氧化10min-240h的氧化行为,通过SEM和EDS等微观分析方法对氧化层的表面形貌和成分、截面厚度和成分进行分析,并对氧化机理进行探讨。结果表明,750℃-850℃内的氧化行为均符合直线-抛物线规律,800℃～850℃内氧化速率迅速增加,氧化程度剧烈,温度是TA32钛合金氧化行为的重要影响因素之一。750℃时,氧化膜基本没有脱落,800℃时氧化膜部分脱落,温度升高到850℃时,氧化皮大块脱落。750℃-850℃内,随着保温时间的增加,氧化膜逐渐增厚,氧化物由颗粒状变为短棒状和针状,氧化皮逐渐由致密变得疏松多孔,抗氧化能力逐渐下降。TA32钛合金在750℃保温240h时,氧化层结构为：TiO₂和Al₂O₃/ TiO₂/ Al₂O₃/ TiO₂/基体;在800℃下氧化240h时,氧化层结构为：TiO₂和Al₂O₃/ Al₂O₃/ TiO₂/ Al₂O₃/ TiO₂/ Al₂O₃/ TiO₂/ Al₂O₃/ TiO₂/基体;在850℃下氧化240h时,表层氧化膜完全脱落。表面无喷涂试样和表面喷涂氮化硼的试样氧化规律一样,均符合直线-抛物线规律,但表面无喷涂试样的单位面积增重、氧化速率高于表面喷涂氮化硼的试样,氧化膜厚度也更厚,说明氮化硼有很好的抗氧化性能。表面喷涂氮化硼的TA32钛合金在750℃保温240h时,氧化层结构为：TiO₂和Al₂O₃/ TiO₂/ Al₂O₃/ TiO₂/Ti₃Al/基体。     

TiAl合金与镍基高温合金的扩散连接

采用钛为中间层,对TiAl合金与镍基高温合金（GH99）进了扩散连接.研究了扩散连接接头的界面结构和连接温度对界面结构及连接性能的影响,并对连接界面反应层的形成机制进行探讨.结果表明,GH99/Ti/TiAl的界面结构为：GH99/（Ni,Cr）ss/富Ti-（Ni,Cr）ss/TiNi/Ti2Ni/α-Ti＋Ti2Ni/Ti（Al）ss/TiAl＋Ti3Al/TiAl;随着连接温度的升高,各反应层厚度增加,接头的抗剪强度先增加后减小;在连接温度1 173 K,连接时间30 min,连接压力20 MPa时,抗剪强度最高为260.7 MPa.     

LZO对热障涂层中粘结层氧化的抑制行为研究

为了阐明LZO对热障涂层(TBCs)中粘结层氧化的抑制作用,利用爆炸喷涂(D-gun)在310S基体上制备NiCoCrAlY粘结层,大气等离子(APS)制备单陶瓷8YSZ涂层和双陶瓷LZO/8YSZ涂层。采用SEM、EDS和XRD表征了不同结构TBCs喷涂态及高温氧化后的微观组织和相结构。结果表明：1100 ℃下等温氧化(100小时)后双陶瓷LZO/8YSZ与单陶瓷8YSZ热障涂层相对氧化增重分别为2.82 mg/cm₂和3.13 mg/cm₂,TGO生长速率常数K_p分别为5.79×10_-2μm₂/h和6.26×10_-2μm₂/h,厚度分布范围分别为3.75-5.25 μm和5-5.5 μm。相比单陶瓷TBCs,LZO/8YSZ双陶瓷TBCs中粘结层表现出氧化增重少、TGO生长速率低、粘结层中β相转变慢等明显特征。     

Cu/Al复合材料高温短时退火的组织与性能演变研究

将冷轧法制备的Cu/Al复合材料在475-525℃温度下退火1-8min,采用有限元软件模拟了Cu/Al复合材料在退火过程中的温度场,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)、电子背散射衍射(ESBD)、显微硬度计等研究了Cu/Al复合材料的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明：在Cu/Al复合材料界面依次生成了CuAl<sub>2</sub>、Cu<sub>9</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>和CuAl等3种金属间化合物,在Cu/Al界面层厚度小于4μm的退火工艺范围内,Cu和Al基体发生完全再结晶形成等轴晶,Cu、Al基体的显微硬度能够迅速的降低至低温长时间(350℃、1h)退火的硬度。另外,提出了金属间化合物初生相的形核机理,分析计算了高温短时退火工艺下的形核动力学,并提出了非等温条件下的金属间化合物生长厚度的经验数值方法。     

Zn_²⁺掺杂对共沉淀法制备Ce:Gd₃Ga₃Al₂O₁₂陶瓷粉体闪烁性能的影响

本文利用化学共沉淀法制备Zn_²⁺共掺的Ce:GAGG陶瓷粉体。研究了Zn_²⁺共掺的Ce:GAGG陶瓷前驱粉体的TG/DTA和FTIR曲线;分析了不同煅烧温度对Ce:GAGG陶瓷粉体相、形貌和颗粒度分布的影响;系统研究了Zn_²⁺含量对Ce:GAGG陶瓷粉体光致发光,辐射发光,激发光谱和荧光寿命的影响。研究表明：前驱粉体在883℃的相组成为GdAlO₃相和GAGG相;前驱粉体在煅烧温度为900℃时,完全转化为GAGG相;当煅烧温度为1200℃时,GAGG颗粒尺寸控制在20nm~60nm,分布均匀;随着 Zn_²⁺含量的变化,光致发光和辐射发光强度也相应变化,特别的,当Zn_²⁺含量为0.4mol%时,光致发光和辐射发光强度达到最大值;随着Zn_²⁺掺杂含量的上升,荧光寿命出现下降的趋势。因此,Zn_²⁺含量对Ce:GAGG陶瓷粉体的辐射发光具有明显的影响,对降低荧光寿命具有积极的作用,对于提高GAGG闪烁材料的快速响应具有重要意义。     

保温时间对TiAl合金与镍基合金扩散连接界面组织结构及连接强度的影响

采用纯钛箔做中间层扩散连接TiAl合金与镍基高温合金(GH99).利用扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射等手段对界面产物及接头的界面结构进行分析.结果表明,GH99/Ti界面主要由四个反应层组成,分别为(Ni,Cr)ss,富Ti-(Ni,Cr)ss,TiNi和Ti2Ni.当保温时间较短时,Ti/TiAl界面反应层主要为Ti(Al)ss.延长保温时间,此界面反应层转化为Ti3Al和Al3NiTi2.随着保温时间的延长,TiNi反应层厚度持续增加,而Ti2Ni反应层厚度先增加后减小.随保温时间的延长接头的抗剪强度先增加后减小,然后又增加.由接头断口形貌可以看出,接头主要断裂于Ti2Ni反应层.     

Ag基焊料Ti3Al与Ni基高温合金接头的组织及性能

采用自行设计制备的Ag-Cr-Ni-Cu合金作为焊材,对Ti3Al基合金与GH4169高温合金进行了填丝氩弧焊。采用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(XEDS)等方法对焊料及接头各区域的微观组织进行了观察和分析,接头中无宏观缺陷产生。Ag-Cr-Ni-Cu合金与Ti_3Al母材结合良好,但与GH4169母材的结合力相对较弱。焊缝由白色Ag-Cu基体中分布Cr,Ag,Ni,Cu,Ti,Al等元素组成的深灰色相组成。GH4169/Ag-Cr-Ni-Cu界面不存在反应层; Ag-Cr-Ni-Cu/Ti_3Al界面处存在宽度约为20μm的反应区域,主要由Ag+AgTi及固溶Cr的(Ti,Nb)固溶体组成。2个界面的硬度均高于母材及焊缝,焊缝硬度最低。接头的平均室温抗拉强度为130 MPa。拉伸试样断裂于GH4169/Ag-Cr-Ni-Cu界面。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。