2DPCA在脑磁图棘波信号检测中的应用

棘波是癫痫疾病诊断和癫痫灶评估的重要标志，脑磁图设备能更精确地捕捉到癫痫患者在发作间期的棘波信号。然而，目前临床医生仍依赖于手动方法标记棘波信号，缺少便捷离线的多通道棘波检测方法。提出一种脑磁图的多通道棘波检测方法，针对给定时间宽度的多通道脑磁图信号的时间序列可以看作为一个二维矩阵，利用二维主成分分析（2DPCA）方法提取该矩阵的本征特征，再结合最近邻分类器实现离线的多通道棘波信号检测。通过临床癫痫患者的脑磁图信号验证表明，提出的方法棘波信号检测率高达93.23%，且该方法是有效的。     

基于SVM和小波分析的脑电信号分类方法

根据癫痫脑电信号与正常脑电信号波形和能量特征的不同,研究了两种的脑电信号分类方法,一种采用支持向量机SVM(Support Vector Machines)分类器对正常脑电和癫痫脑电进行分类;另一种使用小波分析和支持向量机相结合的方法对脑电进行分类,并比较了这两种方法对正常脑电和癫痫脑电分类的正确率。实验结果表明,小波分析和SVM结合的方法对脑电信号分类可以取得更好的效果,能有效区分癫痫脑电和正常脑电。     

基于脑网络和TSK模糊系统的癫痫脑电识别

脑电检测是癫痫疾病诊断的重要手段,但基于脑电信号特征的人工标记方法,对癫痫发作状态识别的准确度较低。将脑功能网络与TSK模糊系统相结合,提出一种癫痫脑电信号识别的新方法。通过分析多通道脑电信号之间的同步性,构建癫痫患者的脑功能网络,采用复杂网络方法提取特征参数;以脑网络参数为输入特征建立TSK模糊系统模型,通过监督式学习训练分类器,用于识别癫痫发作期的脑电波形。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性,模糊分类器对癫痫发作状态识别的准确度达到98.36%,99.48%敏感度和97.24%特异度。该方法将复杂网络与机器学习算法相融合,为通过脑电检测识别癫痫疾病状态提供了新方法,具有重要的应用价值。     

基于黎曼与巴氏距离的脑磁图信号分类方法

针对人脑对不同视觉目标刺激产生的脑磁图(magnetoencephalography,MEG)信号,提出了一种新型的脑磁图信号分类算法。该算法首先将滤波后的脑磁图信号投影到新的特征空间,然后将脑磁图信号投影后新特征的协方差特征投影到切线空间中,用协方差特征作为信号的特征,进而对样本进行预分类;接着将预分类的样本通过巴氏距离的调整,得到二次标记结果;最后采用黎曼距离对协方差特征矩阵在流形上进行调整,得到最终的分类结果。实验结果表明,该有监督与无监督相结合的算法有助于提高脑磁图信号分类的准确率。     

思维作业脑电的IMF能量熵特征提取与分类研究

提出了一种基于固有模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）能量熵的特征提取方法。对三类脑电思维信号分别进行了经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）,并得到与其相对应的IMF。试验发现对于不同类别的信号,同阶的IMF能量的判别熵有明显的不同。而采用K-近邻分类器对三类脑电信号进行了分类,发现基于最佳特征向量选择的分类试验的平均正确识别率达75%以上。     

基于小波系数特征融合的小鼠癫痫脑电分类

采集癫痫小鼠模型在常态与致癫状态下的脑电信号以研究其癫痫脑电的自动分类。对经过噪声和伪迹消除预处理的脑电信号进行小波变换,获得不同频率子带的小波系数,对脑电信号及与癫痫特征波相关的小波系数提取相应的线性特征（标准差）和非线性特征（样本熵）;基于这些特征及其组合使用支持向量机分类器实现分类。实验发现基于小鼠脑电本身的标准差和样本熵的分类正确率分别为59.10%和58.00%;而融合各相关小波系数的标准差或样本熵,分类正确率分别达到86.60%和88.60%;融合全部相关小波系数的线性和非线性特征后分类正确率为99.80%。这些结果说明基于小波系数特征融合的分类算法性能有显著提升,能有效实现小鼠癫痫脑电的自动分类。     

基于小波变换和模极大值法的癫痫发作检测与分析

癫痫是大脑神经元突发性异常放电导致大脑功能障碍的一种慢性疾病。癫痫发作的检测可以利用对脑电信号中的癫痫特征波——棘波的检测和分析来实现。提出了基于小波变换和模极大值法的棘波检测方法,对癫痫脑电信号在一定尺度内进行连续小波变换,应用模极大值算法及细化算法对脑电信号奇异点进行检测,得到奇异点的模极大值作为提取的棘波嫌疑点,再通过功率谱密度分析和空间曲面拟合筛选得到最终的棘波特征波,判断癫痫是否发作。实验验证,该算法检测效果较好,诊断准确率可达92.5%以上,为癫痫发作的检测提供了一种有参考价值的方法。     

基于时间序列复杂网络的癫痫脑电分类研究

大脑是一个高度复杂的系统,而且脑电信号噪声背景强,信号微弱,传统的脑电信号特征提取方法不能全面反应脑电信号的特征信息,因此,提出一种与复杂网络理论的相结合,以时间序列为基础构造复杂网络的癫痫脑电分类方法。首先将癫痫脑电信号的时间序列分段处理,每一段作为网络的一个节点,通过Pearson相关计算节点之间的关系来构造网络的连接矩阵,然后通过连接矩阵计算网络特征参数,并对特征参数进行统计分析构造特征向量,最后,使用SVM、逻辑回归和K-NN等分类器进行分类研究。结果显示,该方法对数据集A-E、AB-CDE和ABCD-E的分类准确率分别达到96.67%、94.00%和94.33%。实验结果表明,作为传统时间、频率分析的替代方法,该方法是可用于对脑电信号进行模式识别分类的,能够有效对癫痫脑电信号分类识别。     

基于多维复杂度的精神分裂症脑磁信号区分

为了更有效地识别脑磁信号,提出一种基于多维复杂度的脑磁信号分类方法。首先提取信号的AR模型系数、频带能量、近似熵和Lempel-Ziv复杂度作为特征。然后运用增[L]减[R]搜索算法结合距离准则选择通道。最后采用遗传算法选择特征子集,分别运用BP神经网络和SVM分类器检测特征子集的性能并对信号分类。实验结果表明精神分裂症患者的近似熵和Lempel-Ziv复杂度都高于正常人,患者的脑磁信号可能更加复杂。增[L]减[R]搜索算法选择的通道大多分布在颞叶区,即颞叶区域的通道可能携带了更多的差异信息。采用BP神经网络和SVM对特征数据分类,分别得到了98.5%和99.75%的正确率。     

基于多变量符号转移熵的癫痫脑电分析

大脑神经元细胞群的异常同步放电是癫痫的病因,这种异常放电是目前诊断癫痫的重要依据。利用复杂度理 论来分析癫痫信号已经成为研究热点,而符号转移熵是反应系统混乱程度的一种非线性指标,在研究癫痫脑电信号特征的提取中有重要的作用。符号转移熵一般都是用来衡量两 个变量之间的动力学特征及方向性信息,忽略了多个变量之间相互作用。本文基于多变量符号转移熵研究分析了癫痫脑电信号,实验中将原始信号符号化后通过数值分析,对导联信号及信号长度的选取以及稳健性分析,表明该方法能够对正常人与癫痫病人的脑电信号进行显著区分,且该算法稳健可靠,该研究结果对临床辅助诊断有帮助。     

Classification of EEG signals using neural network and logistic regression

Epileptic seizures are manifestations of epilepsy. Careful analyses of the electroencephalograph (EEG) records can provide valuable insight and improved understanding of the mechanisms causing epileptic disorders. The detection of epileptiform discharges in the EEG is an important component in the diagnosis of epilepsy. As EEG signals are non-stationary, the conventional method of frequency analysis is not highly successful in diagnostic classification. This paper deals with a novel method of analysis of EEG signals using wavelet transform and classification using artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR). Wavelet transform is particularly effective for representing various aspects of non-stationary signals such as trends, discontinuities and repeated patterns where other signal processing approaches fail or are not as effective. Through wavelet decomposition of the EEG records, transient features are accurately captured and localized in both time and frequency context. In epileptic seizure classification we used lifting-based discrete wavelet transform (LBDWT) as a preprocessing method to increase the computational speed. The proposed algorithm reduces the computational load of those algorithms that were based on classical wavelet transform (CWT). In this study, we introduce two fundamentally different approaches for designing classification models (classifiers) the traditional statistical method based on logistic regression and the emerging computationally powerful techniques based on ANN. Logistic regression as well as multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) based classifiers were developed and compared in relation to their accuracy in classification of EEG signals. In these methods we used LBDWT coefficients of EEG signals as an input to classification system with two discrete outputs: epileptic seizure or non-epileptic seizure. By identifying features in the signal we want to provide an automatic system that will support a physician in the diagnosing process. By applying LBDWT in connection with MLPNN, we obtained novel and reliable classifier architecture. The comparisons between the developed classifiers were primarily based on analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves as well as a number of scalar performance measures pertaining to the classification. The MLPNN based classifier outperformed the LR based counterpart. Within the same group, the MLPNN based classifier was more accurate than the LR based classifier.     

Epileptic seizure classification in EEG signals using second-order difference plot of intrinsic mode functions

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is characterized by transient and unexpected electrical disturbance of the brain. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a commonly used signal for detection of epileptic seizures. This paper presents a new method for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals. The proposed method is based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the second-order difference plot (SODP). The EMD method decomposes an EEG signal into a set of symmetric and band-limited signals termed as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The SODP of IMFs provides elliptical structure. The 95% confidence ellipse area measured from the SODP of IMFs has been used as a feature in order to discriminate seizure-free EEG signals from the epileptic seizure EEG signals. The feature space obtained from the ellipse area parameters of two IMFs has been used for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals using the artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. It has been shown that the feature space formed using ellipse area parameters of first and second IMFs has given good classification performance. Experimental results on EEG database available by the University of Bonn, Germany, are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于小波变换和AdaBoost极限学习机的癫痫脑电信号分类

针对单一极限学习机(ELM)在癫痫脑电信号研究中分类结果不稳定、泛化能力差的缺陷,提出一种基于互信息(MI)的AdaBoost极限学习机分类算法。该算法将AdaBoost引入到极限学习机中,并嵌入互信息输入变量选择,以强学习器最终的性能作为评价指标,实现对输入变量以及网络模型的优化。利用小波变换(WT)提取脑电信号特征,并结合提出的分类算法对UCI脑电数据集以及波恩大学癫痫脑电数据进行分类。实验结果表明,所提方法相比传统方法以及其他同类型研究,在分类精度和稳定性上有着明显提高,并具有较好的泛化性能。     

基于SSVEP的空间机械臂脑机交互方法

为实现航天员与空间机械臂的脑机交互,针对稳态视觉诱发电位脑机接口(SSVEP-BCI),提出一种基于卷积神经网络的SSVEP信号分类方法。该方法以SSVEP信号经过快速傅立叶变换的特征为输入,经过三层卷积层、全连接等操作实现信号的分类识别。采用清华大学Benchmark数据集对该方法进行测试,在1秒的时间窗口下,平均分类准确率为99.07%,平均信息传输率为149.24b/min,均明显高于采用典型相关分析或滤波器组典型相关分析的方法。实验对比分析表明,该方法针对短时间窗口的SSVEP信号具有较好的目标分类效果。最后,使用分类后的信号作为控制信号,对仿真环境下的空间机械臂进行操作,实现人和空间机械臂的脑机交互。     

Electroencephalography‐based feature extraction using complex network for automated epileptic seizure detection

Electroencephalography signals are typically used for analyzing epileptic seizures. These signals are highly nonlinear and nonstationary, and some specific patterns exist for certain disease types that are hard to develop an automatic epileptic seizure detection system. This paper discussed statistical mechanics of complex networks, which inherit the characteristic properties of electroencephalography signals, for feature extraction via a horizontal visibility algorithm in order to reduce processing time and complexity. The algorithm transforms a time series signal into a complex network, which some features are abbreviated. The statistical mechanics are calculated to capture distinctions pertaining to certain diseases to form a feature vector. The feature vector is classified by multiclass classification via a k‐nearest neighbor classifier, a multilayer perceptron neural network, and a support vector machine with a 10‐fold cross‐validation criterion. In performance evaluation of proposed method with healthy, seizure‐free interval, and seizure signals, firstly, input data length is regarded among some practical signal samples by optimizing between accuracy‐processing time, and the proposed method yields outstanding performance on the average classification accuracy for 3‐class problems mainly for detection of seizure‐free interval and seizure signals and acceptable results for 2‐class and 5‐class problems comparing with conventional methods. The proposed method is another tool that can be used for classifying signal patterns, as an alternative to time/frequency analyses.     

Classification of electroencephalogram signal for the detection of epilepsy using Innovative Genetic Programming

Epilepsy, sometimes called seizure disorder, is a neurological condition that justifies itself as a susceptibility to seizures. A seizure is a sudden burst of rhythmic discharges of electrical activity in the brain that causes an alteration in behaviour, sensation, or consciousness. It is essential to have a method for automatic detection of seizures, as these seizures are arbitrary and unpredictable. A profound study of the electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is required for the accurate detection of these epileptic seizures. In this study, an Innovative Genetic Programming framework is proposed for classification of EEG signals into seizure and nonseizure. An empirical mode decomposition technique is used for the feature extraction followed by genetic programming for the classification. Moreover, a method for intron deletion, hybrid crossover, and mutation operation is proposed, which are responsible for the increase in classification accuracy and a decrease in time complexity. This suggests that the Innovative Genetic Programming classifier has a potential for accurately predicting the seizures in an EEG signal and hints on the possibility of building a real‐time seizure detection system.     

基于MRI图像的阿尔茨海默症患者脑网络特征识别算法

针对通过脑成像对阿尔茨海默症（AD）进行人工识别存在主观性、易误诊的问题,提出了一种基于核磁共振成像（MRI）图像构建脑网络对AD进行自动识别的方法。首先,把MRI图像叠加并进行结构块划分,并通过计算任意两个结构块之间的结构相似性（SSIM）来构造网络;然后,利用复杂网络理论提取结构参数,并将其作为机器学习算法的输入实现AD的自动识别。分析发现双参数特别是节点介数和边介数作为输入时分类效果最优,进一步研究发现MRI图像划分为27个结构块时分类效果最优,对于加权网络和无权网络的准确率分别最高可达91.04%和94.51%。实验结果表明,基于MRI结构块划分构建的结构相似性复杂网络能够对AD进行准确率更高的识别。     

多形式特征向量脑网络分类方法研究

目前已有的脑网络分类方法大多是通过处理收集的信号来构建脑网络,并根据一个或多个脑区之间的脑网络特征属性来进行分类。该分类方法只考虑一个特征属性,忽略了脑网络的其他特征属性,而被忽略的特征属性很可能会对实验结果产生较大的影响。为了克服已有分类方法的缺陷,文中考虑多种特征属性提出了一种基于多形式特征向量的脑网络分类方法并使用了新型图核,该分类方法由4步构成：将原始实验数据经过预处理后完成脑网络构建;根据不同的阈值来提取脑网络中多种脑网络属性值;利用支持向量机训练所有数据,根据训练结果的优劣,在每种网络属性值里挑选分类效果最优的阈值参数,并将它们进行特征融合;使用支持向量机训练融合后的特征向量。通过实验数据分析并与已有分类方法进行了对比,验证该方法在轻度认知障碍数据集上脑网络分类的有效性。