刀具前后角对切削力和切削温度的影响

为研究刀具前、后角的变化对45号钢的正交切削性能的影响,应用有限元方法模拟了切削过程,分析了不同的刀具前、后角分别对切削力和切削温度的影响．仿真结果表明,影响切削力和切削温度的主要因素是刀具前角,刀具后角的影响相对较小．     

盾构切刀切削混凝土过程中的动态响应试验

为探究盾构切刀与混凝土的相互作用规律,开展室内切削试验,验证切削的实质是刀具与试件反复碰撞、挤压、切削和剥落的循环过程.通过切削力测试系统得到刀具前后角、刀具形状、切削深度和试件强度等因素对刀具法向切削力F_n与切向切削力F_t的影响规律,并分析得到各影响因素作用下F_n、F_t及切削合力F_c的波动范围.结果表明:刀具切削混凝土的实质是碰撞、切削、剥落的反复循环,切削力始终处于波动状态;刀具前刃面承担主要的破岩任务,前角越大,所需的F_n和F_t及其波动性越小,刀具对试件的拉剪效果越明显;F_n、F_t均值与试件强度和切削深度均呈线性关系,试件强度和切削深度越大,F_n和F_t越大,其方向上的波动性越小;切削深度比试块强度对F_c波动性的影响更为显著,切削深度越大,因剥离而产生的碎屑粒径越大,而刀尖处碎屑均呈粉末状.     

基于HJC模型的盾构刀具切削混凝土数值模拟

为了揭示盾构刀具切削混凝土材料时的阻力大小及变化规律,研究Holmquist-Johnson-Cook动态本构模型（HJC模型）参数的确定方法,并据此对混凝土受切削破坏过程进行数值模拟. 设计室内混凝土试块切削试验,根据试验结果对HJC模型参数进行修正,进一步计算分析切削速度与切削深度对切削阻力的影响. 研究表明,基于HJC模型的数值计算结果可基本反映盾构刀具切削混凝土的阻力大小及变化规律;刀具在切入混凝土表面时,法向切削阻力的波动幅度较大,在切削接近试块自由面时会出现剩余材料整块脱落、切削力骤降为0的现象,该过程在数值模拟中相对平缓;在相同条件下,率效应参数主要影响法向切削阻力的波动幅度,损伤参数则同时影响法向切削阻力的平均值与波动幅度;法向切削阻力随切削速度呈指数形式增加,随切削深度呈线性增加;HJC模型可反映混凝土压碎破坏与材料应变率间的关系及法向切削阻力随深度的线性叠加效应.     

Chip-ejection interference in cutting processes of modern cutting tools

Based on the “principle of minimum energy”, the basic characteristics of non-free cutting are studied; the phenomenon and the nature of chip-ejection interference commonly existing in the cutting process of modem cutting tools are explored. A "synthesis method of elementary cutting tools" is suggested for modeling the cutting process of modem complex cutting tools. The general equation governing the chip-ejection motion is deduced. Real examples of non-free cutting are analyzed and the theoretically predicted results are supported by the experimental data or facts. The sufficient and necessary conditions for eliminating chip-ejection interference and for realizing free cutting are given; the idea and the technical approach of "the principle of free cutting" are also discussed, and a feasible way for improving or optimizing the cutting performance of modem cutting tools is, therefore, found.     

高精度切割新技术的研究现状

电火花切割、等离子切割、激光切割和超高压水切割是工业上广泛应用的高精度切割方法：电火花切割具有很高的材料利用率和接近于磨削水平的加工精度和加工表面粗糙度,但加工效率过低;等离子切割速度快,但切割过程中噪声大、烟尘多、辐射大,而且作为等离子切割机关键部件的喷嘴、电极和割炬在目前技术条件下都是易损件,无形中增加了切割成本;激光切割切割速度快、切缝小、切割材料表面质量好,但是切割材料厚度偏低,目前仅用于薄板切割;超高压水切割是一种冷态切割方式,切割材料无热变形,表面质量极佳,但切割成本过高。结合实践经验,提出了三条选用切割工艺的原则：特殊的场合选用特定的切割方法;利用热切割方法满足加工工艺要求时,则无需采用超高压水切割;在等离子切割和激光切割都能满足加工要求的情况下,最好选用等离子切割.     

Characteristics of different rocks cut by helical cutting mechanism

To research the loading characteristic of rocks with different structures cut by helical cutting mechanism (HCM), three different structures of rock (hard-soft-hard rock, soft-hard rock and soft-hard-soft rock) were built. And each type model was further divided into three types when the experiments were carried out. To reduce the errors of cutting load caused by manually configured rock in each test, the cutting load of soft rock was taken as a benchmark, and the differences of the cutting load of the different structures of rocks and the soft rock were used to reflect the cutting load change rules of the HCM. The results indicate that, the cutting load of only the HCM top cutting hard rock is larger than that of only the HCM bottom cutting hard rock for dextral HCM, and the cutting load fluctuation is larger, too. However, when the top and the bottom of the HCM cutting hard rock simultaneously, its cutting load is the largest, but the cutting load fluctuation is the least. And the HCM cutting load increment is increased linearly with the increase of rock compressive strength. The HCM cutting load increment is increased exponentially with the increase of hard rock cutting thickness.     

纳米切削单晶铜的准连续介质法模拟

采用准连续介质多尺度方法模拟了单晶铜的纳米切削过程。分别采用原子位置图和应力分布图对纳米切削过程中局部变形进行描述,得出了模型的切削力-切削距离的响应曲线。从微观角度分析了单晶铜纳米切削过程中材料变形、材料去除机理及内部损伤情况。根据模拟结果,对切削过程中位错形核、演化过程、湮灭消失、切屑及加工表面的形成过程进行了深入的分析。从位错演化的角度解释了切削力与应变能曲线的峰谷变化。提出了纳米切削过程中材料受到刀具的挤压作用而导致位错形核。得出了在纳米切削过程中塑性材料的去除是基于位错运动演化的结论。     

基于PLC控制的大型金相试样切割机的研制

针对金相试样的特殊要求，对金相试样的切割技术和磨削过程进行了研究。提出了采用逐层切割和进三退一的多种切割方式切割试样。保证了金相试样的切割质量，提高了切割机的切割能力。控制系统采用PID控制变频调速器实现了砂轮片转速的无级可调和自动控制，提高了切割机的控制精度，增强了切割不同材料的适应性。     

基于PLC控制的大型金相试样切割机的研制

针对金相试样的特殊要求,对金相试样的切割技术和磨削过程进行了研究。提出了采用逐层切割和进三退一的多种切割方式切割试样。保证了金相试样的切割质量,提高了切割机的切割能力。控制系统采用PID控制变频调速器实现了砂轮片转速的无级可调和自动控制,提高了切割机的控制精度,增强了切割不同材料的适应性。     

考虑刀具动态强度的切削用量优化计算

采用有限元法对由切削温度和切削力共同作用下的刀具最大应力进行了计算,并考虑此应力对刀具强度的影响,对切削用量（Ｖ,ｆ） 进行了优化计算．     

基于切削建模的螺旋铣孔刀具角度优化

针对钛合金螺旋铣孔过程中的刀具角度优化问题,固定切削参数,通过一系列实验,得到了螺旋角和前角不同的刀具产生的轴向切削力.利用遗传算法,结合Matlab程序对实验数据建立切削力模型,分析了刀具螺旋角和前角对切削力的影响,并对角度参数进行了优化.     

Optimum cutting speed of block-cutting machines in natural stones for energy saving

Energy consumption of block-cutting machines represents a major cost item in the processing of travertines and other natural stones. Therefore, determining the optimum sawing conditions for a particular stone is of major importance in the natural stone-processing industry. An experimental study was carried out utilizing a fully instrumented block-cutter to investigate the sawing performances of five different types of travertine blocks during cutting with a circular diamond saw. The sawing tests were performed in the down-cutting mode. Performance measurements were determined by measuring the cutting speed and energy consumption. Then, specific energy was determined. The one main cutting parameter, cutting speed, was varied in the investigation of optimum cutting performance. Furthermore, some physico-mechanical properties of the travertine blocks were determined in the laboratory. As a result, it is found that the energy consumption (specific energy) of block cutting machines is highly affected by cutting speed. It is determined that specific energy value usually decreases when cutting speed increases. When the cutting speed is higher than the determined value, the diamond saw can become stuck in the travertine block; this situation can be a problem for the block-cutting machine. As a result, the optimum cutting speed obtained for the travertine mines examined is approximately 1.5–2.0 m/min.     

镍基高温合金高速铣削的切削热研究

介绍了基于量热法测量高速铣削镍基高温合金试验中切屑的热功率方法;通过测量切削力,研究了切削参数对切屑功率、切削功率以及切削热分配的影响．试验结果表明,切削功率和切屑功率都随着切削速度的增加而大幅增加;切屑所带走的热量比随切削速度的增加而增加,但比碳钢高速切削时小得多;每齿进给量对切削热分配的影响比较小．采用有限元软件D...     

硬质合金刀具钎焊后性能变化的研究

对硬质合金刀具钎焊前后的硬度、裂纹形成及变化,焊缝质量和切削性能等进行了大量的试验研究。结果表明：硬质合金刀具钎焊后硬度下降范围在HRA1以内;采用延长钎焊后保温时间和增加补偿垫片均可以减少或避免刀具表面裂纹的产生;对18CrMnTi渗碳淬火齿轮（HRC55－58）单齿侧刃铣削中钎焊刀具的切削性能同机夹刀具相比无明显差异,它为硬质合金钎焊刀具在精密切削FMS和其他自动化加工中的广泛应用提供了实验和理论依据。     

Tool sharpness in precision micro cutting process

As to probe the factors affecting the roughness and surface properties of work piece in mirco-cutting machining process, according to the principle of energy balance, using the method of experiments combining with theoretical analysis, this paper investigates the effect of cutting edge radius on the unit cutting force, the cutting component forces ratio Fy/Fz, as well as the roughness and surface properties of the work-piece. Experimental results show that the value of tool cutting edge arc ρ has a significant impact on elastic-plastic deformation of the cutting area, and its influence on the surface quality of processing and precision is greater than common cutting. The method of calculating the theoretical limits of the diamond tool cutting edge radius is feasible. The value of 0.0001 μm has some guiding significance for the developement of suitable cutting thickness to ensure the normal cutting.     

超声刀切割系统的模态分析

采用有限元方法分析了超声切割刀片与变幅杆的匹配规律,探讨了切割刀片几何尺寸的变化对变幅杆与切割刀片组合体固有频率的影响,分析结果表明：随着切割刀片长度的增加,变幅杆与切割刀片组合体的固有频率下降,而振幅放大倍数呈增大趋势;切割刀片宽度增加,固有频率下降;切割刀片的材料性质对整体谐振频率有很大影响,验证实验表明,有限元分析结果与实验结果基本一致。     

超声振动铣削运动学及其对切削力的影响

为了改善微细铣削的加工条件,研究了利用超声振动辅助微细铣削对切削力的影响.基于对刀具轨迹的运动学分析,讨论了利用超声振动辅助微细铣削时实现刀具-工件分离的必要参数条件,以2A12为实验工件材料,通过超声振子带动工件沿进给方向进行超声振动,并采用多组参数进行了铣槽实验.实验结果分析表明,采用合理的切削及振动参数配比,进给方向超声振动辅助微细铣削可改变刀具-工件的相对运动方式,实现分离型断续铣削,可获得近似脉冲状切削力并有效减小切削力的均值,选择合理的振幅可明显减小进给方向切削分力峰值.     

基于不同面料的裁床切割参数设置

为提高面料的利用率,降低面料损耗,设置裁床的最佳切割参数,以控制面料成本;根据切割面料的不同厚度、紧度、克重和刚度,通过实验分析,获得了裁床切割参数的最佳配置,提高其切割效率,对加快服装裁片生产速度和降低成本有积极的理论意义和现实意义.     

切削颤振控制研究进展

介绍了国内外学者在机床切削颤振控制方面的研究工作，对切削颤振的在线预报控制和切削颤振的预测控制进行了归纳和分析，讨论了存在的若干问题，提出可能的发展方向是；切削颤振的预报控制与切削颤振的预测控制在柔性制造环境下实现综合。     

MD simulation of nanometric cutting of copper with and without water lubrication

Three-dimensional molecular dynamics(MD)simulation was carried out to understand the mechanism of water lubrication in nanometric cutting.The water-lubricated cutting was compared with the dry cutting process in terms of lattice deformation,cutting force,heat and pressure distribution,and machined surface integrity.It was found that water molecules effectively reduce the friction between the tool and workpiece,the heat in the cutting zone and the pressure being generated on the tool surface,thus leading to prolonged tool life.Water molecules also enlarged the pressure-affected area,which decreased the roughness of the machined surface.