小麦硬度指数测定技术研究进展

简要分析了国外小麦硬度测定方法的现状及其存在的主要问题,介绍了小麦硬度指数测定技术的由来及最新研究状况。综合标准化的研究成果,给出了我国小麦硬度分类的建议;认为小麦硬度指数测定技术在指导小麦育种、生产、收购、贸易以及基础性科学研究方面具有广阔的应用前景。这一技术将为制粉厂准确、快速测定所需小麦的硬度并指导经济、合理润麦带来便利条件;同时将为小麦分类收储及贸易的发展产生积极的影响;也将成为中国小麦硬度基因工程改良研究的一种技术手段,     

小麦硬度指数测定技术研究进展

简要分析了国外小麦硬度测定方法的现状及其存在的主要问题,介绍了小麦硬度指数测定技术的由来及最新研究状况.结合标准化工作的研究结果,给出了我国小麦硬度分类的建议;认为小麦硬度指数测定技术在指导小麦育种、生产、收购、贸易以及基础性科学研究方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

单颗粒谷物测定系列试验(一)--润麦方式、润麦水分、润麦时间变化对小麦硬度、水分的影响分析

通过对比实验，研究不同润麦方式、润麦时间和润麦水分下，小麦硬度变化趋势及小麦水分的变化规律。试验表明：提高加水量是降低小麦硬度及硬度标准差最主要因素。在相同水分目标下，加水一步到位是最有效的方法。     

小麦籽粒硬度和小麦销售加工及育种关系的探讨

简要论述了我国小麦籽粒硬度分类及测定方法，就籽粒硬度与加工及小麦育种的关系进行了探讨。     

小麦硬度及其测定

本文汇总了国内外有关小麦硬度及其测定的大量研究资料，详细介绍了目前国际上常用的测定小麦硬度方法，指出了角质与硬度是两个不同的概念，提出用研磨时间来反映小麦硬度较为科学。从全国十四个主产小麦省、自治区共收集了３７６份小麦样品并对其硬度进行了测定，对其中部分样品进行了制粉、面包烘焙及其他理化指标分析试验，比较了软、硬小麦间的品质差异。     

小麦脱皮前后结构特性分析

小麦分角质和粉质,其结构的软硬程度也有所不同。在小麦脱皮制粉中,脱皮率的高低直接影响小麦的硬度,利用硬度指数测定不同脱皮率的小麦,脱皮率越高硬度就越小。了解脱皮过程中小麦硬度的变化,可为制粉中磨辊技术参数的确定提供依据。     

我国小麦硬度质量状况和硬度分类的研究

籽粒硬度与小麦制粉品质有密切的关系.利用单颗粒谷物分析系统(SKCS)对我国2006年收获的1361份商品小麦样品,687份品种小麦样品的硬度质量状况进行分析.结果表明:我国商品小麦中硬麦、软麦分别占35.2%、7.2%,软麦比例偏低,不同硬度小麦混杂严重.品种小麦中硬麦、软麦分别为60.1%、10.4%,软麦比例仍然偏低,小麦硬度的一致性较好.利用国产JYDB100型小麦硬度测试仪得到的硬度指数值与SKCS测试结果呈极显著正相关(r=0.935),根据AACC对小麦硬软的分类和SKCS与JYDB100的关系,对我国小麦的硬度分类提出建议.     

小麦硬度测定方法的研究与应用

论述了测定小麦硬度的重要性,对比分析了国内外现有的各种小麦硬度测定方法的原理及其优缺点,指出抗粉碎指数法为测定小麦硬度的最新研究成果,开发的小麦硬度仪具有测定简便、快速、价格低廉等优点。     

水分对小麦硬度指数的影响

将同一小麦样品进行人工调节水分,然后在不同水分条件下,用小麦硬度指数仪进行测量小麦硬度指数,并对结果进行分析,探讨水分对小麦硬度指数的影响.     

烟台地区小麦硬度指数调查分析

<正>采用硬度指数法对烟台地区2015年种植收获的鲁麦21、烟农24、烟农999、烟农5158、济麦22、胶州22六个主要品种的小麦进行小麦籽粒硬度测定,为2015年度入库小麦品质判定和质量控制提供参考,也为小麦种植品种选择提供部分数据参考。小麦硬度即小麦胚乳质地,是指小麦籽粒抵抗外力作用下发生变形和破碎的能力,即破碎小麦籽粒时所需要的力。小麦硬度受遗传控制,不同品种的小麦胚乳细胞中蛋白质基质和     

小麦品种品质与面条品质关系的研究

通过对陕西关中近年育成的１３个小麦品种（品系）的籽粒性状、蛋白质品质、磨粉品质、粉质参数及面条蒸煮品质的系统分析,研究了小麦品种品质性状与面条品质性状的相关关系,结果认为,信仪２号８８２１、大粒８７８、３个小麦品种适宜于制作面条。面条蒸煮吸水率与小麦品种的出粉率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率与小麦品种的发率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率１、灰分含量呈极显著负相关     

小麦入磨水分和硬度对研磨特性的影响

在间歇式实验制粉系统上研究了硬度和水分调节对小麦研磨特性的影响。皮磨系统对入磨水分的变化敏感，随着水分的增加，小粒度麦渣心的提取率基本保持不变，而大粒度麦渣心的提取率显著降低；皮磨系统面粉出率增加，面粉灰分也降低；细麸皮的出率基本保持不变，而粗麸皮的出率显著增加。用硬麦获得的麦渣、麦心的数量显著高于软麦的，特别是大粒度麦渣心的数量，小粒度麦渣心的数量基本一样；硬麦在皮磨系统面粉的出率低于软麦，而总出粉率高于软麦；硬麦的细麸皮和次粉的出率和软麦基本一致，而粗麸皮的出率显著低干软麦。水分调节和硬度对小麦研磨特性的影响相似。     

小麦分级加工技术研究

利用比重分级机、圆筒吸风分离器、循环风分离器对小麦进行分级,通过对分级物料的制粉特性、理化特性、粉质特性及拉伸特性进行分析,探索小麦分级加工途径.分级加工可以将分出的轻质小麦单独处理或送入后路皮磨或入麸皮,提高前路小麦粉出率和食用品质,既保证小麦粉的质量,同时又合理利用了小麦.     

Impact of Triticum mosaic virus infection on hard winter wheat milling and bread baking quality

BACKGROUND: Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a newly discovered wheat virus. Information regarding the effect of wheat viruses on milling and baking quality is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of TriMV infection on the kernel characteristics, milling yield and bread baking quality of wheat. Commercial hard winter varieties evaluated included RonL, Danby and Jagalene. The TriMV resistance of RonL is low, while that of Danby and Jagalene is unknown. KS96HW10‐3, a germplasm with high TriMV resistance, was included as a control. Plots of each variety were inoculated with TriMV at the two‐ to three‐leaf stage. Trials were conducted at two locations in two crop years. RESULTS: TriMV infection had no effect on the kernel characteristics, flour yield or baking properties of KS96HW10‐3. The effect of TriMV on the kernel characteristics of RonL, Danby and Jagalene was not consistent between crop years and presumably an environmental effect. The flour milling and bread baking properties of these three varieties were not significantly affected by TriMV infection. CONCLUSION: TriMV infection of wheat plants did not affect harvested wheat kernel characteristics, flour milling properties or white pan bread baking quality. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Genetic implications of kernel NIR hardness on milling and flour quality in bread wheat

While quantitative measurements of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) kernel hardness are important for market classification of cultivars, their genetic relationship to end-use quality in breeding populations is not well established. After verifying that divergent selection for hardness score (HS) based on near- infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was effective, the objective was to determine correlated selection responses in milling and flour quality of two hard red winter populations differing widely in parental origin. Selection was applied in the F₃ generation using replicated field plots at two locations. Selection response was evaluated in the F₄ generation at the same locations the following year. Selection for high HS (harder kernels) increased kernel protein concentration in both populations, while low HS selection decreased it. Selection for HS had no consistent and detectable impact on flour yield or physical dough properties (mixograph absorption, mixing time, and mixograph rating or tolerance). Selection for high HS decreased SDS sedimentation volume adjusted for flour protein concentration in both populations, but the magnitude of the response was small (?1.7 ml in actual units; ?0.3 ml after adjustment). Because correlative effects of NIR hardness were primarily expressed in protein quantity and not protein quality, milling and flour quality must be considered independently of NIR hardness if genetic improvement in those traits is desired.     

发芽小麦与正常小麦混合后的品质研究

为了开发发芽小麦的合理利用途径,以小堰6号和陕225为试验样品,制备7种混合小麦,混和小麦中发芽小麦比例分别为0%、5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、100%,系统研究了混和小麦的品质特性。结果表明,随着发芽小麦比例的增加,混和小麦的籽粒品质、磨粉品质、小麦粉蛋白质品质和面团流变学特性均呈下降趋势,即发芽小麦含量越高,混和小麦的评价值越低,品质越差;小麦中发芽小麦含量小于10%时,其各项品质指标与正常小麦相比,均无显著差异。     

Particle size distribution of break,sizing and middling wheat flours by laser diffraction

The particle size distributions of wheat flours collected along a milling diagram were assessed. Nine wheat varieties from the genetic trait Triticum aesticum vulgare and differing in hardness were studied for two consecutive years. Break, sizing and middling flours were collected for each wheat at different stages in an experimental mill, with all the milling conditions being kept constant. The particle size distributions were measured from 1·5 to 600 μm by using a laser light diffraction apparatus. The distributions were compared by principal component analysis. The method provided a global and synthetic comparison of all the flour fractions. In the case of the soft varieties, the distributions exhibited a first mode around 25 μm, corresponding mainly to isolated starch granules. The distribution of this mode was very low or non-existent for the hard varieties. As the milling conditions were the same for all the wheats, the different proportions measured for this mode were interpreted as being directly representative of the wheat hardness. The proportion of the 25 μm mode was considered as a measure of the ability of the wheat to release starch granules and could be used to follow a grinding or milling process. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

小麦调质处理及其对制粉特性和小麦粉品质的影响

综述了小麦调质处理的机理和方式,探讨了目前研究中小麦调质处理对制粉特性和小麦粉品质的影响.调质既能显著改变小麦的制粉特性,同时对小麦粉的品质也会产生一定的影响.最后,对小麦调质处理的研究作了进一步展望,并提出了对国产小麦调质处理研究的新思路.     

陕西省主要推广小麦品种配粉特性的研究

分析了陕西省15个推广小麦品种及其26个混配粉的面团流变学特性。结果表明，年际间和不同批次制粉间强筋小麦品质变化较大，中筋和弱筋小麦品质变化相对较小。不同混配方式配粉由于其面团流变学特性变化规律不同而产生不同的配粉结果。混配粉面团评价值、拉伸阻力和延伸性测定值与由基础品种估算的理论值无显著差异，而且有板显著正相关性。混配粉品质趋于混配品种平均值，并有“超高种”、“超低种”现象。陕253、绵阳19、小偃22、武农148等作为配粉品种较为理想。     

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum) Kernel Hardness: II. Implications for End‐Product Quality and Role of Puroindolines Therein

Wheat kernel hardness is a major quality characteristic used in classifying wheat cultivars. Differences in endosperm texture among Triticum aestivum L. or between T. aestivum and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum cultivars profoundly affect their milling behavior, the properties of the obtained flour or semolina particles, as well as the quality of products made thereof. It is now widely accepted that the presence, sequence polymorphism, or absence of the basic and cysteine‐rich puroindolines a and b are responsible for differences in endosperm texture. These proteins show features in vitro, including foaming and lipid‐binding properties, which provide them with a potential impact in the production of wheat‐based food products, where they may improve gas cell stabilization or modulate interactions between starch, proteins, and/or lipids. We here summarize the impact of wheat hardness on milling properties and bread, cookie, cake, and pasta quality and discuss the role of puroindolines therein.