不同品种芒果核多酚和黄酮含量及抗氧化活性评价

为给芒果加工副产物综合利用提供理论依据,以芒果核为原料,研究桂七、贵妃、台农、金煌芒、玉芒和象牙芒六个品种中的多酚和黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性的影响。结果显示,玉芒芒果核多酚和黄酮含量最高,分别为4.31和1.07 mg/g,金煌芒、台农、桂七、象牙芒、贵妃芒果核中的多酚含量分别为4.20、4.10、3.96、3.86、3.82 mg/g,其黄酮含量分别为0.95、0.88、0.92、0.96、0.75 mg/g;抗氧化活性研究结果发现,玉芒芒果核羟基自由基（·OH）清除率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率最强,为90.1%和83.9%。通过相关性分析发现,多酚和黄酮含量分别与羟基自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率显著相关（P<0.05）,不同品种芒果核中多酚、黄酮含量高低与其抗氧化活性呈正效应的量效关系,且黄酮对芒果核抗氧化能力影响较大,其含量的变化有可能是导致不同品种芒果核抗氧化能力差异的重要因素。     

芒果叶中黄酮和多酚含量及抗氧化性研究

以4个品种的芒果叶为原料,采用乙醇热回流法提取芒果叶中的活性物质,测定提取液中黄酮及多酚类物质的含量并对其抗氧化活性进行分析研究。试验结果表明:芒果叶中黄酮含量较高,4个品种的芒果叶黄酮含量范围为6.020～43.654 mg/mL;多酚类物质的含量相对低于黄酮含量,4个品种的多酚含量范围为2.031～13.482mg/mL;芒果叶提取液有很好的抗氧化效用,对于.OH和DPPH都有较强的清除作用,在4品种中,金煌芒对.OH和DPPH的清除效果最好,并且要远远高于VC。     

不同品种芒果总黄酮的抗氧化活性

以广西主栽金煌芒果、象牙芒果和台农芒果3个芒果品种为研究对象,测定芒果中总黄酮含量。采用羟自由基(.OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O-2.)体系、DPPH自由基体系对3个芒果品种总黄酮的抗氧化活性进行研究,并同VC的抗氧化活性进行比较。结果表明:在质量浓度40～200μg/mL范围内,芒果总黄酮和VC对.OH的清除能力从大到小依次为:台农芒果、象牙芒果、金煌芒果、VC;在质量浓度10～200μg/mL范围内,对O-2.清除能力从大到小依次为:VC、台农芒果、象牙芒果、金煌芒果;在质量浓度1～20μg/mL范围内,对DPPH自由基清除能力从大到小依次为:VC、台农芒果、金煌芒果、象牙芒果。3种芒果总黄酮均有良好的抗氧化效果,且与质量浓度呈明显的量效关系;台农芒果总黄酮抗氧化性优于其他两个品种。     

4种油茶籽油中多酚类物质的抗氧化活性比较研究

采用80%乙醇溶液分别提取雅安当地的白花和红花油茶籽毛油与精炼油中的多酚类物质,比较研究这4种油茶籽油中多酚类物质的抗氧化活性。结果表明:多酚类物质的含量分别为1.41(白花油茶籽毛油)、1.04(白花油茶籽精炼油)、0.75(红花油茶籽毛油)、0.68μg/mL(红花油茶籽精炼油);4种油茶籽油多酚类物质均表现出较强的抗氧化活性,并随多酚含量的增加而增强;白花油茶籽油中多酚类物质的抗氧化能力均强于红花油茶籽油中的;毛油相对于精炼油均具有更强的抗氧化作用;白花油茶籽毛油中多酚类物质的抗氧化活性不稳定。     

芒果核酚类物质提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

在单因素试验基础上应用正交试验方法对芒果核多酚提取条件进行优化并初步评价其体外抗氧化活性。试验确定乙醇为最佳提取溶剂;各因素对多酚物质提取量的影响依次为料液比乙醇提取浓度=提取时间提取温度;用乙醇溶液提取芒果果核中多酚物质的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%,料液比1∶25(g/m L),提取时间120 min,提取温度60℃,芒果核多酚物质提取含量可达4.36 mg/g。抗氧化活性试验结果表明芒果核多酚物质对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基及DPPH自由基的清除率分别为90.9%、83.3%、90%。优化的芒果核多酚提取工艺合理、可行,芒果核多酚物质具有较强的抗氧化性。     

不同品种枣果实发育过程中多酚类物质、VC含量的变化及其抗氧化活性

为探索不同品种枣果发育过程中多酚类物质与抗氧化活性的动态变化规律,对灰枣、鸡心枣、梨枣、赞皇枣、磨盘枣、葫芦枣6 个枣品种的不同发育期果实中多酚类物质的含量及组成和VC含量及抗氧化活性进行分析测定。结果表明,供试各品种枣果实中总酚、总黄酮、VC含量和抗氧化活性均在采摘初期（幼果期）为最高,其后随着果实的发育呈逐渐下降趋势。其中总酚、总黄酮含量在绿熟期前下降迅速,绿熟期以后变化趋缓,果实接近成熟时则趋于平稳,全红期果实可较采摘初期降低60%以上;VC含量和抗氧化活性在白熟期前下降较快,白熟期后降幅变小。高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）分析结果显示,儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁是供试各品种枣果实中最主要的酚类物质,这些酚类物质含量在枣果实发育过程中也呈下降趋势,但在不同品种间存在较大差异。供试枣果实抗氧化活性与其中的总酚、总黄酮、VC以及儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁等主要酚类物质的含量均存在极显著相关关系（P＜0.01）,其中尤以芦丁、表儿茶素、儿茶素与抗氧化活性的相关性较高,说明芦丁、表儿茶素、儿茶素等多酚类物质是枣果中最主要的抗氧化活性成分。磨盘枣、葫芦枣具有较高的多酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性,鸡心枣具有较高的VC含量,是功能性枣果及其加工制品生产的理想品种。     

辣木叶提取物的制备及抗氧化活性

采用16 种提取方法制备辣木叶提取物,考察不同提取方法对辣木叶蛋白、糖类、多酚类物质提取率和抗氧化剂溶出率的影响。采用乙酸乙酯萃取辣木叶提取物,研究水相中蛋白（水解蛋白）、糖类和乙酸乙酯相中多酚类物质相互作用对辣木叶提取物抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：采用酶法以及酶法耦合乙醇提取法可以制备蛋白（水解蛋白）、糖类和多酚类物质含量高且抗氧化活性强的辣木叶提取物。采用Ns37071蛋白酶、胰酶时,所得辣木叶提取物蛋白、糖类、多酚类物质提取率最高,抗氧化活性最强。蛋白（水解蛋白）和糖类物质对辣木叶提取物抗氧化活性的贡献大于多酚类物质,是辣木叶提取物发挥抗氧化活性的重要物质基础。此外,辣木叶提取物中蛋白（水解蛋白）、糖类、多酚类物质存在协同增效或拮抗作用。     

采后BTH处理对芒果果实活性氧和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以"象牙"和"台农"芒果为试材,研究BTH处理对2个品种芒果果实中活性氧(O2.-和H2O2)及其抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)的影响,以探讨BTH增强果实抗病性的机理。结果表明:整个贮藏过程中,经过BTH处理,2个品种芒果O2.-产生速率、H2O2含量都明显高于对照;同时诱导了SOD和CAT活性的上升,但CAT在贮藏后期受到抑制。"台农"果实中O2.-产生速率、SOD和CAT活性约是"象牙"果实2倍,H2O2含量也高于"象牙"果实。     

采后BTH处理对不同品种芒果果实防御酶活性影响

以“象牙”和“台农”芒果为试材,研究BTH 处理对2 个不同品种芒果果实中主要防御酶—— PAL、PPO 和POD 活性的影响,以探讨其增强不同果实抗病性的机理。结果表明：在整个贮藏过程中,“台农”果实本身3 种酶的活性均明显高于“象牙”果实;而经BTH 处理后,对2 个品种的芒果果实,均刺激了3 种酶活性的上升,并且“台农”果实上升幅度明显高于“象牙”果实。BTH 处理增强果实抗病性与刺激PAL、PPO 和POD 活性上升均有关系,并且对台农果实作用明显大于象牙果实。     

芒果核多酚纯化物成分分析及其抗氧化研究

采用30%、50%、70%、90%的乙醇回流提取芒果核多酚物质,把提取液浓缩浸膏,依次采用硅胶柱层析法、薄层色谱跟踪检测、红外光谱、核磁共振等方法进行检测分析。结果表明,30%和50%乙醇纯化物中主要成分是鞣酸,70%乙醇纯化物是鞣花酸,90%乙醇纯化物是蓖麻油酸,进一步的纯化单体分别为芥酸以及油酸甘油酯;抗氧化活性试验表明,芒果核多酚及其纯化物对羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除作用明显,说明芒果核多酚具有很好的抗氧化活性,为芒果核的综合开发利用提供重要依据。     

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of four mango varieties cultivated in Brazil were analyzed. The profile of flavonol-O-glycosides and xanthone-C-glycosides was characterized in pulps from Haden, Tommy Atkins, Palmer, and Ubá cultivars and in the agro-industrial residues from Ubá variety by LC–ESI–MS analysis. The first three varieties were collected from conventional production, whereas Ubá was obtained from organic production. The total phenolic content of the peels and seed kernel extracts was analyzed utilizing Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. The aqueous-methanolic extracts of pulp, peel and seed kernels were analyzed for antioxidant activity (AA) by free radical-scavenging and reducing power. A total of 12 flavonoids and xanthones were identified in the pulps, peels and seed kernels, with larger amounts of these compounds being present in the organically grown Ubá variety. The Ubá mango pulp presented higher AA and the peel and seed kernel extracts showed higher AA than did a commercial standard.     

6个芒果品种品质特性评价研究

对台农一号、紫花、桂七、凯特、马切苏和三年芒6个品种芒果原浆的色泽、口感滋味及物理特征进行了评价,分析了包括可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度、pH、总糖、胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸、黏度以及色泽等与芒果原浆品质特性相关的物理和生化指标。基于SPSS统计分析软件对测定指标进行了因子分析,比较了不同芒果品种品质特性的差异性,并与国外优良品种品质进行比较。结果表明,台农一号、凯特、马切苏口感品质较为适宜,马切苏和三年芒营养素含量最为丰富,凯特和紫花色泽品质较佳。中国芒果品种整体品质低于国外品种。     

Optimizing the Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activity of Mango Seed Kernels with a Response Surface Methodology

This study describes the optimization of polyphenol extraction from mango seed kernels by using response surface methodology (RSM). In the solid-to-liquid selection, the extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity are all significantly increased with a decrease in the solid-to-liquid ratio (P?<?0.05). Between the Nam-Dok-Mai kernel (NDK) and the Tong-Dam kernel (TDK), the TDK was chosen for RSM with a fixed ratio of 1:30 solid-to-liquid. The variables in the independent processing were the concentrations of ethanol, the temperature, and the time applied to RSM. Ethanol concentration, temperature, and duration had significant individual and interactive effects on phenolic yield and antioxidant activities (P?<?0.05). The optimized condition that maximized the extraction yields, TPC, and antioxidant activities from TDK was an ethanol concentration of 62 %, a temperature of 63 °C, and a duration of 150 min. The obtained and validated optimized model could be used to describe the effect of these variables on the extraction of phenolic compounds from mango seed kernels.     

凤眼果壳多酚的抗氧化和抗人肺癌细胞A549增殖活性

本研究以凤眼果壳为原料,提取凤眼果壳游离态和结合态多酚,通过不同极性有机溶剂萃取游离态多酚获得四相提取物,分别是正己烷相(HF),乙酸乙酯相(EAF),正丁醇相(BF)和水相(AqF).测量游离态、结合态和萃取后的四相提取物的总多酚和总黄酮含量,结果表明游离态的多酚和黄酮含量均比结合态高.萃取后的四相提取物中,EAF的...     

Accumulation of phenolics,antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) during kernel maturation

Phenolic profiles and gene expression pattern in their synthetic pathway, total antioxidant activities and antiproliferative activities in two genotypes of sweet corn (YT16 and YT28) during kernel maturation were analysed. Results showed that increasing trends of phenolics and flavonoids in the two genotypes of kernels from 10 to 30 days after pollination (DAP). Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were identified and quantified as the main phenolic compounds in both genotypes of kernels. High expressing levels of C4O and PAL resulted in the increasing phenolic contents. Higher expressing levels of CHS in YT28 led to higher flavonoid contents than that in YT16. The phenolic contents, antioxidant capacities and antiproliferative abilities of the two genotypes of sweet corn were competitive comparing to many fruits and vegetables. In addition, the maturation process of sweet corn could raise the kernel’s bioactive ability as well as nutritional values.     

Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars: A comparative study

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars were investigated. The total phenolic, flavonoid, flavonol and condensed tannin contents of the different cultivars were measured using colorimetric methods. Free phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles of the date cultivars were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), while antioxidant capacities were evaluated in vitro using scavenging assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, ferric reducing power, and ferrous ion chelating ability. The results showed that the cultivars exerted different antioxidant capacities, and had different phenolic acid and flavonoid patterns. Among the tested cultivars, Ghazi, Arechti and Sebt Mira possessed the strongest antioxidant capacities and the highest phenolic contents. Four phenolic acids (gallic, ferulic, coumaric and caffeic acids) and five flavonoids (isoquercetrin, quercetrin, rutin, quercetin and luteolin) were identified and quantified.     

Major Antioxidants and In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Eleven Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Cultivars

Eleven mango cultivars which were cultivated popularly in China were selected as materials in this study. The ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, total carotenoid, total ployphenol, total flavonoid, and mangiferin contents, and in vitro antioxidant capability of the fruit pulp were tested for comparison of individual cultivars. Comparisons of parameters were further conducted after dividing all cultivars into three groups, i.e., red (Zill, Zillate, Renong No. 2, Keitt and Lippens), green (Guire No. 82, Yuexi No. 1 and Zihua) and yellow (Chunhuang, Renong No. 1 and Tainong No. 1) in peel color. The results showed that antioxidant contents and in vitro antioxidant capabilities varied among cultivars and among groups. Guire No. 82 had the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents; Renong No. 1 showed a dramatically large value of α-tocopherol content; and green peel mangoes accounted for higher ascorbic acid, total polyphenol, total flavonoid contents, and total in vitro antioxidant capability. Besides, correlation analysis and principal component regression analysis indicated that antioxidants (except α-tocopherol) were positively correlated to total in vitro antioxidant capacity; polyphenolic chemicals were deemed to be one of the most critical factors affecting on total in vitro antioxidant capability.     

Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities of 11 Celery Cultivars

ABSTRACT:  Eleven cultivars of celery, belonging to 2 species, were collected and analyzed for their phenolic compound composition and antioxidant activities. Major phenolic acids identified in the extracts of these celeries were caffeic acid,  p -coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, while the identified flavonoids were apigenin, luteolin, and kaempferol. The contents of total phenolics were measured using a Folin–Ciocalteu assay and the total antioxidant capacity was estimated by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS·⁺) methods. Apigenin was the major flavonoid in these samples and the most abundant phenolic acid was  p- coumaric acid. Many of the investigated cultivars had high levels of phenolics and exhibited high antioxidant capacity. Among these 11 cultivars, Shengjie celery had the highest antioxidant activity whereas Tropica had the lowest. An extremely significant positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and the contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acids, or total phenolics was observed in this study.     

Impact of polyphenols from banana pseudostem on sunflower oil stability

The present investigation is focused on the potential use of banana pseudostem, which otherwise is disposed off as a waste, as a source of polyphenols or antioxidants. The polyphenols extracted from the outer leaf sheaths of 3 Indian banana (Musa spp.) cultivars namely, ‘Nendhran’, ‘Robusta’, and ‘Kathali’ were tested for antioxidant activities. The extracts showed effective DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging ability. Among the banana cultivars, ‘Nendhran’ followed by ‘Robusta’ contained the highest total phenolic (110.45 and 94.03 mg GAE/g extract, respectively) and total flavonoid (49.62 and 38.61 mg QE/g extract, respectively) contents and antiradical activity. Further, the study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of the polyphenolic extracts in stabilizing sunflower oil, tested in terms of peroxide value, free fatty acid contents, and p-anisidine values in comparison with the synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. In addition, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of the extract-treated oil samples were also monitored to obtain a complete perspective of the influence exerted by the polyphenols in oil stability. The results demonstrated that polyphenols from pseudostem of banana cultivars are potent source of natural antioxidants and might serve as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants in oil industry.