ZG28NiCrMo与16Mn异种钢手工电弧焊接头组织及性能研究

采用A307焊条对ZG28Ni Cr Mo铸钢和16Mn低合金高强钢进行了手工电弧焊,通过金相分析,拉伸、冲击及显微硬度测试研究了异种钢焊接接头的组织及力学性能。结果表明,焊缝中心组织为奥氏体+铁素体;ZG28Ni Cr Mo钢一侧熔合区形成脱碳层和柱状晶区,使显微硬度值显著下降;ZG28Ni Cr Mo钢侧热影响区的组织为铁素体+珠光体组织,与其母材相比有软化现象。16Mn侧热影响区没有硬度损失,16Mn钢与焊缝的熔合线处存在一层奥氏体单相区,硬度为220HV,高于焊缝中心和16Mn钢母材。焊接接头拉伸断裂于16Mn母材处,平均抗拉强度为515MPa。ZG28Ni Cr Mo钢侧热影响区的冲击韧性较差,而16Mn侧热影响区的冲击韧性优于焊缝中心。     

经长时运行的T91与G102异种钢焊接接头组织与性能分析

对运行了78000h的T91与G102(12Cr2MoWVTiB)异种钢焊接接头进行了组织和性能分析.结果表明,T91母材的显微组织未发生明显变化,G102母材的显微组织发生了回复和再结晶;焊接接头的向火侧抗拉强度及高温短时力学性能均低于母材标准要求值;G102侧及T91侧熔合线冲击值较低;该异种钢焊接接头(低匹配)的薄弱环节在G102及T91侧熔合线以及G102侧热影响区正火区处.     

12Cr2Mo1R耐热钢/304不锈钢异种钢焊接

采用AA-TIG焊打底埋弧焊填充盖面的方法,进行了12Cr2Mo1R耐热钢和304不锈钢两种大厚板的对接焊研究。通过对焊接接头微观组织及元素分布的观察及对接头硬度、拉伸性能、冲击韧性和弯曲性能的测试,分析了接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明,不锈钢热影响区为奥氏体基体和少量带状铁素体;耐热钢热影响区为贝氏体和马氏体;焊缝为奥氏体和铁素体。线扫描分析发现不锈钢侧熔合区Fe, Ni元素变化较大,而耐热钢侧Fe, Ni, Cr元素明显变化;显微硬度结果显示,焊缝硬度在220 HV左右,耐热钢热影响区出现明显的硬化现象;接头的抗拉强度最高达到678 MPa,-30 ℃条件下焊缝及不锈钢和耐热钢热影响区的冲击吸收能量为132 J, 124 J, 241 J。     

焊后热处理对05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢焊接接头组织与性能的影响

通过力学性能测试、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对汽轮机末级叶片用05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb沉淀硬化不锈钢焊接接头不同焊后热处理工艺条件下的组织与性能进行了研究.结果表明,经540 ℃时效处理,05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢焊接接头的强度与母材相当,焊缝区的缺口冲击韧性差;时效温度提高到600 ℃后,接头的强度略有下降,焊缝区冲击韧性上升;直接时效态焊接接头的硬度谷值位于距离熔合线6～7 mm处的热影响区;经过重新固溶、时效处理,焊接接头的强度和缺口冲击韧性都比较高.焊缝冲击韧性的提高主要与焊缝组织变化及断裂机制的转变有关.     

FSS/ASS厚壁异种钢“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”组合焊的接头组织与力学性能

为了有效解决铁素体不锈钢的焊接热影响区晶粒易粗化问题，以及奥氏体不锈钢焊接时在接头部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内因易形成蠕虫状δ铁素体而显著降低该区域耐腐蚀性的问题，提出了“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”的组合焊接工艺，并进行了1Cr17/1Cr18Ni9Ti厚壁异种不锈钢的焊接，同时对所得接头的显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性进行了测试与分析. 结果表明，组合焊接头的1Cr17母材热影响区晶粒未发生粗化，并且1Cr18Ni9Ti母材部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内未形成蠕虫状δ铁素体；组合焊接头的抗拉强度优于1Cr17母材，并且1Cr17母材热影响区的冲击吸收能量与1Cr17母材相当；组合焊接头的熔敷层、1Cr18Ni9Ti母材、1Cr17母材、UNGW焊缝区及完整接头的耐腐蚀性呈依次下降的趋势.     

14Cr2Ni4MoV钢厚壁容器热影响区裂缝及其对安全性的影响

本文对14Cr2Ni4MoV低合金高强度钢厚壁压力容器焊接接头的性能进行了研究。认为,在紧邻熔合线的焊接热影响区中有液化裂缝、高温低塑性裂缝存在,而且在一定的条件下可诱导出延迟裂缝.力学试验证明,该区是焊接接头中最薄弱区域,即低寿命区.     

不同热处理制度下1Cr11Ni2W2MoV闪光对焊接头的组织与性能

针对1Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢开展闪光对焊试验,研究不同焊后热处理制度对其焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用闪光对焊方法焊接1Cr11Ni2W2MoV,能够获得优质的焊接接头。1Cr11Ni2W2MoV闪光焊焊态下焊缝组织为马氏体和少量的δ铁素体组织,焊接接头具有较好的拉伸性能,但塑性和韧性较差。经过淬火+回火热处理后组织表现为回火索氏体组织,焊接接头的抗拉强度、塑性和韧性等性能均得到改善。在1000℃油淬+570℃回火状态下,焊接接头具有良好的综合力学性能。     

40CrNiMo钢与93W4.9Ni2.1Fe钨合金的焊接性能分析

在三种不同焊接速度下,研究了40CrNiMo钢和93W4.9Ni2.1Fe钨合金激光焊接性能的差异。首先,通过对焊接件进行显微硬度测试,评价了其焊接工艺性能。然后,分析了激光焊接速度对焊缝区全貌、钢与焊缝熔合区微观形貌以及焊缝区钨颗粒的影响。结果表明:随着焊接速度的提高,由钢侧热影响区到远离热影响区的母材硬度开始急剧下降;钢侧热影响区中的母材硬度依然较高,但是熔合区和焊缝中的硬度却发生连续降低。此外,焊接速度较慢时,钢与焊缝熔合性能较好,焊缝中钨颗粒与基体的分离程度也较小。     

淬火温度对17 Cr2 Ni2 MoVNb重载齿轮钢组织和硬度的影响

研究了新型齿轮钢17Cr2Ni2MoVNb渗碳之后经不同温度淬火后的微观组织和硬度。结果发现,随淬火温度的升高,渗碳层中未溶碳化物减少、残留奥氏体增加。在860℃淬火时,17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢渗碳层组织和硬度最佳,其碳化物为3级、残留奥氏体含量为23.55%、硬度达到750 HV0.2、且波动较小。     

无钴马氏体时效钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能分析

对18Ni无Co马氏体时效钢进行了真空电子束焊接,用金相显微镜观察了焊接接头的组织形貌,并测定了焊缝区、热影响区、基体的显微硬度.结果表明,18Ni无Co马氏体时效钢组织为板条马氏体组织,材料焊接性能良好,焊缝区凝固组织为胞状树枝晶,熔合线附近热影响区晶粒发生了再结晶,晶粒长大明显.硬度分布有明显的规律性,焊缝区硬度最低,细晶区硬度最高,熔合线附近的热影响区,离熔合线越远,硬度值越高.在距熔合线2.5 mm处有一个马氏体与奥氏体两相混合的狭窄区域,硬度较其两侧有明显降低.     

First-principles study of electronic structure and magnetic properties of orthorhombic CrGa2Sb2 and MnGa2Sb2

By the first-principles calculations, we present the results of electronic structure and magnetic properties on bulk CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂ in an orthorhombic structure with the linear chains of transition-metal Cr and Mn atoms, using four different exchange correlation potentials: the local density approximation (LDA), the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), GGA + U, and the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson functional (mBJ). The electronic structure calculations from four exchange correlation potentials show that CrGa₂Sb₂ is a pseudogap (negative gap) material with very small density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level, while MnGa₂Sb₂ has notably higher DOS at the Fermi level compared to CrGa₂Sb₂, exhibiting stronger metallic conductivity, although the mBJ potential obtains lower DOS at the Fermi level than LDA and GGA for both CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂. The GGA + U method with a small value (1 eV) of the on-site Coulomb interaction parameter U obtains lower DOS at the Fermi level compared to the large value of U. In agreement with the measurement data, the total energy calculations reveal that both CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂ have a stable ferromagnetic ground state with lower energies relative to antiferromagnetic state. Based on the Heisenberg model, the magnetic exchange constants between the nearest-neighbor Cr–Cr and Mn–Mn along transition-metal linear chains are calculated to be 48.6 meV and 27.5 meV for CrGa₂Sb₂ and MnGa₂Sb₂, respectively. By the mean-field approximation method, we calculated the Curie temperature of two compounds to be above room-temperature.     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

Viscosities of Fe_nO-MgO-SiO_2 and Fe_nO-MgO-CaO-SiO_2 slags

1　INTRODUCTIONTheviscosityofliquidslagsisanimportantphysicalproperty .Innickelflashsmeltingprocesses ,slagscontainmainlyironoxidesandsilicainadditiontoMgO ,CaO ,Cr2 O3andAl2 O3aswellasvaluemet alsandotherimpurities .Manyinvestigationsontheviscosityofironsilicatemeltwerealreadyreport ed[14 ] .Butonlyfewstudiesarereportedontheslagsinthecompositionrangeoccurringinnickelmattesmelting.Thismaymainlybeattributedtoexperi mentaldifficultiesinviscositymeasurementsforthehighmeltingtemperatureofi…     

La_2O_3,CeO_2掺杂Sm_2Zr_2O_7陶瓷制备及热物理性能

以Sm_2O_3, La_2O_3, ZrO_2和CeO_2为原料,采用固相反应法制备了(Sm_0.5La_0.5)_2(Zr_0.6Ce_0.4)_2O_7陶瓷.用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)研究了样品的相成分和微观组织,用激光脉冲法和推杆法测量了样品的热导率和热膨胀系数.结果表明,所制备的样品具有萤石晶体结构,且组织致密晶界清晰,并具有较低的热导率和满足热障涂层要求的热膨胀系数.     

Magnetic and related properties of Ce5CoGe2, CeCoGe and CeCo2Ge2

Magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power of polycrystalline Ce₅CoGe₂, CeCoGe and CeCo₂Ge₂ were studied at temperatures down to 2 K and in magnetic fields up to 5 T. The novel phase Ce₅CoGe₂ was found to be a ferromagnet with the Curie temperature of about 11 K, which exhibits in the paramagnetic region some features of a dense Kondo system with strong crystal field effect. The re-investigated CeCoGe was found to order antiferromagnetically below 4.6 K, while CeCo₂Ge₂ is an intermediate-valence system, in agreement with previous reports. The thermoelectric power of the latter compound is large (up to 40 μV/K) and positive in the whole temperature range studied, while in the magnetically ordered systems Ce₅CoGe₂ and CeCoGe it is mostly negative and distinctly smaller (down to −1.5 and −11 μV/K, respectively).     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

纳米复合W-6%ThO_2和W-2%ThO_2阴极材料的性能对比

通过真空热压烧结制备了W-6%ThO2和W-2%ThO2纳米复合阴极材料,分析表明两者的显微组织类似,纳米ThO2较均匀分布在W基体上;前者的起弧电场强度低于后者,逸出功也相应降低;两者的机械性能相差不大。     

Hydrophilic property of SiO2-TiO2 overlayer films and TiO2／SiO2 mixing films

The photo-induced hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films prepared by sol-gel method was investigated by means of soak angle measurement, XPS, UV-VIS and FTIR spectra. The results show that, compared with the TiO2 film without SiO2 overlayer, when the TiO2 film is thoroughly covered by SiO2 overlayer, the hydrophilicity and the sustained effect are enhanced. It is found that the significant growth of the OH- group occurs in the surface of SiO2 overlayer. The different mechanism of enhanced hydrophilicity between SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films and TiO2/SiO2 mixing films was analyzed. The result suggests that the photo-generated electrons created in the interface between TiO2 and SiO2 tend to reduce the Ti(Ⅳ) cation to the Ti( Ⅲ ) state, and the photogenerated holes transmit through the SiO2 layer to uppermost surface efficiently. Once the holes go up to the surface， they tend to make the surface hydrophilic. The stable hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer which adsorbs more stable OH groups, enhances the sustained effect, i.e. the super-hydrophilic state can be maintained for a long time in dark place.