一种改进的三维块匹配图像去噪算法

目的为了有效消除噪声图像中的椒盐噪声、高斯噪声甚至混合噪声,改进三维块匹配算法,提出一种新的图像去噪算法。方法首先,该算法将含噪声图像用图像块之间的相似性构建三维矩阵。然后,在图像块之间进行硬阈值滤波降低噪声,对图像块集合加权平均重建得到初步估计去噪图像。最后,对初步估计结果图像进行块匹配,在图像块内和图像块之间进行维纳滤波和加权中值滤波,得到最终去噪图像。结果仿真结果表明,该算法对图像采集的常见噪声均表现出理想的去噪效果,PSNR值均大于31 d B。对比维纳滤波、中值滤波、硬阈值小波滤波,文中算法对高斯噪声、椒盐噪声和混合噪声的去噪结果 PSNR值为31.5334~36.6466 d B,均高于其他算法,最高差值达到12.08 d B。结论结合中值滤波和三维块匹配算法的图像去噪算法,能够较好去除噪声图像的多种类型噪声,是一种较为优秀的去噪算法。     

一种星载合成孔径雷达数字成像算法

提出了一种星载合成孔径雷达数字成像抑制相干斑的算法--OMRD(Overlapped Multilook Range-Doppler)算法,该算法基于星载合成孔径雷达成像基本原理和传统的RD算法,通过距离向脉冲压缩,距离徙动校正,方位向合成孔径处理,去除相干斑噪声处理,实现了星载合成孔径雷达的数字成像,降低了相干斑噪声的影响,提高了图像信噪比.对ERS-1星载原始数据进行实验成像,得到了清晰的意大利罗马地区图像.实验结果表明,OMRD算法是一种有效的星载合成孔径雷达成像抑制相干斑的算法.     

图像噪声对印刷墨斑评价的影响

目的研究并分析图像噪声对印刷墨斑评价的影响。方法基于印刷墨斑图像灰度变化的评价模型及小波去噪,建立去噪后的印刷墨斑图像评价模型;以新闻纸背面剥离墨斑为例,实施了去噪前后的印刷墨斑评价结果与人眼的相关性分析,并对比了分析结果。结果去噪后的图像墨斑评价指数与视觉评价结果相似度有较大提高,去噪前相关性为0.53,去噪后最小相关性达到0.71。结论图像噪声对印刷墨斑的评价有重要影响,在分析评价墨斑时应考虑图像噪声因素。     

一种椒盐噪声点的检测算法技术研究

针对中值滤波算法虽然能够在很大程度上改善噪声带来的影响,但是使图像边缘变得模糊这一问题,提出了一种检测椒盐噪声的新算法。使用该算法对图像进行噪声检测后再对噪声点进行中值滤波能够有效地去除椒盐噪声。实验证明该算法具有明显的去噪能力,且当椒盐噪声比较严重时,也能够取得较好的滤波效果。     

指纹识别系统中的预处理组合算法

针对电容式传感器采集的指纹图像的特点,本文提出了一套完整的指纹图像预处理组合算法.该算法充分考虑到了采集到的指纹图像的质量和图像面积等问题,且从全局角度出发在当前原有算法基础上加入了两次滤波去噪来增强指纹纹线并有效消除噪声以得到更清晰准确的处理结果.算法首先对采集到的指纹图像采用边缘保持滤波法去除噪声;然后使用基于纹路方向性的Cabor滤波图像增强算法增强去噪后的指纹图像,减少因指纹旋转及平移因素造成的误差;接着对增强后的图像采用动态阈值法进行二值化处理并进一步地二次滤波去噪;最后采用基于形态学的细化算法对二值图像进行细化将其变为点线图.实验证明,通过该算法处理后的图像很好地保留了纹线的关键信息,有利于后续的指纹特征提取和匹配.     

基于双边滤波的自适应彩色图像去噪研究

目的为了克服彩色图像去噪后存在的特征模糊,研究基于双边滤波的自适应彩色噪声图像去噪方法。方法使用二维离散小波变换(DWT)对含噪声的彩图图像进行近似分量、水平细节分量、垂直细节分量和对角细节分量等4个方向的分解。根据DWT各方向分量归一化后的方差比例,利用RBF神经网络构造双边滤波系数模型确定不同方向的最佳去噪系数,提出彩色噪声图像自适应去噪方法(DWT-ABF),并将该方法与常规方法作对比。结果在不同噪声类型以及混合噪声失真情况下文中方法都能有效地去除噪声,并同时保留图像细节信息,且与其他方法相比,文中方法去噪后的图像都具有更高的PSNR值。结论文中方法克服了传统双边滤波无法自行确定最佳参数的缺陷,同时也良好地解决了去噪图像特征模糊的问题。     

基于波原子阈值算法的OCT图像降噪技术

为了消除或缓解光学相干断层成像方法中散斑等噪声对OCT图像像质退化的影响,提出了基于波原子阈值去噪算法。波原子变换是一种新型的二维多尺度变换,且满足曲线波的抛物比例尺度关系和各向异性征;波原子适用于模式的任意局部方向,能够对轴方向的各向异性模式稀疏展开。本文利用波原子阈值去噪算法,对人眼眼底组织和手指指尖皮肤的OCT图像进行降噪处理,并与传统的小波阈值算法和快速曲波算法对OCT样品图像去噪效果进行对比分析。结果表明,基于波原子阈值去噪方法能够有效地抑制OCT图像散斑噪声,并能保持图像边缘细节特征。     

基于曲率约束的点云分割去噪方法

在点云去噪处理过程中,为提高对曲率变化较大区域的去噪效果,提出基于曲率约束的点云分割去噪方法。该方法通过曲率约束点云数据使模型特征得到有效保持,构建噪声光顺的映射函数使得噪声点回归光顺,能够避免使用传统滤波对点云数据模型产生过光顺,对后续处理奠定一定基础。实验表明,该方法相对于双边滤波能够有效地保持模型的特征,保留模型边缘信息,去除噪声效果更为明显。     

基于直觉模糊散度的自适应非局部均值去噪算法

针对传统的非局部均值(NLM)算法在图像去噪时会出现边缘会模糊的问题,提出了一种基于直觉模糊散度的自适应非局部均值(IFD-NLM)去噪算法.该算法利用图像块之间的直觉模糊散度度量非局部图像块的相似性,修正NLM算法的相似性权重,降低不相似图像块之间的干扰,提高了NLM算法相似性权重的准确性.此外,根据图像块内容和直觉模糊散度特征图像,设定相关阈值,自适应地选择滤波参数.实验结果表明,所提算法相对于传统NLM算法能更有效地去除噪声,同时可以保留更多的纹理细节特征和几何结构特征,图像细节信息更为丰富.     

一种结合小波变换和维纳滤波的图像去噪算法

目的为了有效消除噪声图像中的椒盐噪声、高斯噪声甚至混合噪声,结合维纳滤波的优势和小波分解各分量的特点,提出一种新的图像去噪算法。方法该算法先将含噪声图像进行小波变换,分离出1个低频分量和3个中高频分量,然后对低频分量进行自适应维纳滤波,对3个中高频分量用Canny算子提取边缘,最后将处理后的4个分量进行重构得到去噪后的图像。结果仿真结果表明,该算法对扫描仪引入的常见噪声均表现出较好的去噪效果,PSNR值均大于20 d B。尤其是对于高斯噪声和混合噪声,新算法去噪后的PSNR结果高于维纳滤波、软阈值小波滤波和文献[9]算法1~8 d B,效果较好。结论结合小波变换和维纳滤波的图像去噪算法,能够较好去除噪声图像的多种类型噪声,是一种较为优秀的去噪算法。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.