烧成制度及杂质对Mg—PSZ材料极出体形态和力学性能的影响

以阳泉产ＺｒＯ２原料为研究对象，通过控制烧成制度，即在烧结温度前保温（１６００℃），再在Ｃ相区烧结固溶，经慢速至１１００℃后再自然冷却到室温，可使基体中长出大小合适的析出体，获得较佳的力学性能，含１０ｍｏｌ％ＭｇＯ的Ｍｇ－ＰＳＺ材料强度 可ａ韧 可达１２．３ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２，与宜兴料相比较，可知步量杂质（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）可略降低材料的烧结温度，但对材料的力学性能无影响，通过ＳＥＭ对选用不同烧成制度材     

低温烧结3Y-TZP陶瓷的微观结构与力学性能

在 3Y -TZP(tetragonalzirconiapolycrystalsstabilizedwith 3 %Y2 O3inmole)中 ,采用LAS (Li2 O -Al2 O3-SiO2 )玻璃粉料为添加剂 ,在13 0 0～ 15 0 0℃下烧结 ,材料抗弯强度可达 85 0MPa ,断裂韧性可达 8.7MPa·m1 /2 .讨论了添加剂对微观结构及材料力学性能的影响 ,得出了采用LAS作为添加剂 ,不但能显著地降低材料的烧结温度 ,又不会明显削弱材料的力学性能的结论 .     

YSZ短纤维增强日用陶瓷固废再烧结材料的研究全文替换

中国传统陶瓷固废排放量巨大，陶瓷固废的资源化利用不但可解决固废丢弃填埋引起的生态环境危害，而且可节约大量天然矿物原料，带来重要的社会经济效益。本文以烧结日用陶瓷固废为主要原料，并引入少量氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)短纤维作为增强相，制备了高固废掺比的再生陶瓷材料。研究了纤维含量和烧成温度对制备的固废再烧结陶瓷材料的晶相组成、微观结构和力学性能等的影响，结果表明：YSZ纤维的添加量对固废材料的烧结性能影响不大，引入少量YSZ可明显提高废瓷再烧结材料的力学性能，其中，YSZ纤维添加量为15%并在1 250℃烧成时，样品的抗弯强度为113 MPa,断裂韧性可达2.63 MP·m^1/2。     

ZTA陶瓷材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的研究

研究了ZTA陶瓷材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能.采用共沉淀法制备了钇稳定氧化锆溶胶,再与市售国产氧化铝混合,700℃煅烧后得到ZTA粉料.m(Al2O3):m(ZrO2)=80:20的复合材料在1500℃至1600℃常压烧结.通过XRD、SEM等分析手段研究了材料的显微结构与性能,研究结果表明:ZTA陶瓷材料在1600℃烧成后获得了最高的密度、最好的耐磨性和最佳的力学性能,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别达到了830 MPa,12.7 MPa·m1/2和17.3 GPa.ZrO2的加入有利于提高氧化铝材料的力学性能和耐磨性.     

不同烧结法对3Y-TZP陶瓷力学性能的影响

本文研究了低温烧结含3mol%氧化钇的四方多晶氧化锆(3Y-TZP)的烧结性能和力学性能,以及进行热等静压(HIP)后其力学性能的变化。成形后的3Y-TZP在常压、1300～1450℃温度下进行烧结。由于该粉料有很高的烧结活性,在1300℃低温烧成下就可获得相对密度大于94%的烧结体;在1350℃烧成温度下3Y-TZP获得了最佳的力学性能。其断裂韧性(KIC)和维氏硬度(HV)分别达到18.7MPa.m1/2和13.7GPa,其中应力诱导相变是其主要的增韧机理。对低温烧成的3Y-TZP陶瓷进行热等静压烧结后发现,HIP增大3Y-TZP陶瓷HV的作用显著,可使其增至14.3GPa。     

液相烧结Al2O3/3Y-TZP复相材料的致密化与力学性能

以CaO-MgO-SiO2玻璃为烧结助剂,用液相烧结法制备了氧化铝和3%氧化钇稳定四方氧化锆复相材料.研究了烧结助剂对材料致密化、显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:由于CaO-MgO-SiO2玻璃具有较小的液相粘度,因而对材料的致密化有较大促进作用,可使材料在1 500℃获得致密.烧成温度和材料组成均对Al2O3和ZrO2的平均晶粒尺寸产生影响.显微结构中少量的Al2O3和ZrO2晶粒为晶内分布.引入烧结助剂降低了材料的烧结温度,使材料具有细晶结构,因而具有良好的力学性能,在最佳条件下,样品的抗弯强度可达到778 MPa.     

ZnO-B2O3-SiO2系统低介陶瓷的烧结工艺研究

通过热分析确定基本的的烧结温度制度,并且调整烧结工艺参数使粉料在不同的条件下进行烧结,通过对烧成后的样品的表观性能、介电性能和微观结构的分析,探讨了不同烧结制度对于ZnO-B2O3-SiO2系统的介电性能的影响.结果表明:该陶瓷系统致密化过程主要发生在900～1050℃之间,采用最高烧结温度1050℃,保温时间为60min,快速冷却(-20℃/min)的工艺烧成的陶瓷,致密性好,晶粒分布均匀且粒径大小适中,具有良好的介电性能(εr=4.75,tgσ=0.001,1MHz).     

CaO-B2O3-SiO2系低温共烧陶瓷的致密化行为及性能

以CaO-B2O3SiO2(CBS)玻璃粉末为原料.采用流延成形工艺制备了CBS系生料带.生料带在排完胶后可以在775～950℃内烧结.研究了生料带在烧成过程中致密化和晶化行为以及烧成温度对其介电性能和烧结性能的影响.结果表明:烧成样品中的主晶相为β-CaSiO3,850～900℃烧成样品中有少量CaB2O4.在样品烧成过程中,排胶后的CBS玻璃粉末首先烧结致密化,然后才开始晶化,即致密化过程要早于晶化过程,CBS玻璃的析晶倾向于整体析晶, 这有利于CBS玻璃粉末的烧结.由于玻璃中析出晶相与残余玻璃相存在密度差,烧成样品的体积密度随着烧成温度的升高而降低.烧成温度的升高可促使玻璃中晶体析出和长大,且析出晶相具有比CBS玻璃低的相对介电常数(岛),样品的εr随烧成温度的升高呈下降趋势.     

利用气化炉渣制备轻质隔热墙体材料的研究

以气化炉渣为原料,采用挤出成型法,通过力学性能测试、物相组成和显微结构分析,研究了烧成温度和结合剂添加量等工艺条件对制备的轻质隔热墙体材料性能的影响。结果表明:烧成试样的矿物相为钙长石、石英、赤铁矿和莫来石;1000℃烧成时,添加20%(质量分数,下同)粘土可制备出体积密度为1.00 g/cm3、导热系数为0.19W/(m·k)和耐压强度为5.3 MPa的轻质烧结自保温墙体材料;添加30%粘土可制备出体积密度为1.20 g/cm3、导热系数为0.23 W/(m·k)和耐压强度达20.1 MPa的烧结自保温可承重墙体材料;添加40%粘土可制备出体积密度为1.18 g/cm3、导热系数为0.26 W/(m·k)和耐压强度达16.6 MPa的烧结自保温可承重墙体材料。     

Al-Si系无机高温结合剂的制备及表征

以板状刚玉、ρ-Al_2O_3和硅微粉为主要原料,外加适量的铝酸钙水泥、水玻璃和氧化镁,制备得到一种可在室温固化的Al-Si系高温粘结剂材料,表征了不同温度烧成后材料的力学性能和微观结构。结果表明:材料经1300-1500℃高温烧成后,主要物相为镁铝尖晶石、氧化铝和Al_(1.66)Ca_(0.68)Na_(0.3)O_8Si_(2.34)。随着烧成温度的提高,材料中液相逐渐减少,镁铝尖晶石和氧化铝的晶粒析出,晶粒形状更加规则。当烧成温度达到1600℃时,材料的主要物相为镁铝尖晶石和氧化铝,其弹性模量、抗折强度和耐压强度分别为37.85 GPa、34.46 MPa和54.84 MPa。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.