短链直链淀粉-脂类复合物的制备及表征

以B-型微晶淀粉为原料,选择硬脂酰单甘脂(GMS)、硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)和硬脂酰蔗糖酯(SE-15)为配体,固定淀粉质量分数为5%,淀粉与配体的质量比为20∶1,原料混合后经90℃溶解,121℃和90℃两个阶段的复合,再经缓慢冷却和低温凝沉制备得到了AM-GMS,AM-SE和AM-SSL 3种复合物,应用X-射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、红外光谱仪(IR)和凝胶渗透色谱对样品进行了测试和分析,并应用主成分分析法(PAC)对3种样品的红外光谱数据进行了分析。结果表明:实验研究所得到的3种复合物均为V-型结晶结构,其稳定性大小顺序为AM-GMSAMSSLAM-SE;AM-GMS,AM-SE和AM-SSL 3种复合物的相对结晶度分别为70.5%,51.9%和60.1%;3种复合物的重均分子量分别为3044,3449和3265;3种复合物中配体的含量分别为17.09%,15.45%和16.39%。     

V-型直链淀粉-油酸复合物的制备与结构表征

以B-型微晶淀粉为原料,经二甲亚砜溶解后,分散至热水中,加入一定比例的油酸的乙醇溶液中,经过高温混合、结晶、离心分离、洗涤,制得淀粉-油酸复合物。采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱和DSC对得到的复合物进行分析和测试,结果表明:复合物颗粒直径约为2μm,X-射线衍射图形为典型的V-型结构,红外光谱中显示出了油酸复合物的相关特征,DSC分析表明V-型复合物的稳定性小于B-型微晶淀粉。     

结晶温度对V-型直链淀粉-单甘酯复合物结构的影响研究

利用3种方法制备了直链淀粉-单甘酯(GMS)复合物,并对复合物结晶结构进行了研究.XRD图谱显示其均为V-型结晶结构,25℃样品会有少量的GMS杂峰出现,高温环境更利于复合物V-型结晶结构的形成,且经过121℃处理之后的样品的初始分解温度为287℃,表明经高温之后的V-型复合物的热稳定性好.红外光谱图也证实了配体GMS...     

短直链淀粉-正辛醇复合物的制备及结构表征

以B型淀粉为原料,溶于乙醇/水溶液中,在加热回流下加入一定比例正辛醇的乙醇溶液,通过单因素实验,探讨了淀粉/辛醇的配比、乙醇浓度、结晶冷却条件对复合物形成的影响,得到V型直链淀粉-正辛醇最佳制备条件。采用XRD、IR、SEM、DSC和GPC对复合物的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明,制备直链淀粉-正辛醇复合物的工艺条件为:淀粉/辛醇的配比10:1,乙醇浓度为35%,结晶冷却速率是5℃/h。在该工艺条件下,制得的复合物为V型结构,其结晶度可达到57.85%;SEM测试表明复合物颗粒直径约为3μm;IR显示复合物键的相关特征;DSC分析表明V型复合物的稳定性小于B型微晶淀粉;凝胶渗透色谱表明复合物的相对分子量及分布,复合物的重均分子量为3243。     

酸解马铃薯淀粉-油酸复合物的制备

以酸解马铃薯淀粉和油酸为原料制备酸解马铃薯淀粉-油酸复合物,运用X-射线衍射(X-RD)技术探讨了淀粉酸解时间、原料配比和淀粉浓度对复合物结晶的影响.结果表明:酸解马铃薯淀粉-油酸复合物为V-型结构,随着酸解时间的延长和原料配比的增大,衍射峰的强度越来越大,复合物的结晶结构越来越完整,但相互之间结晶度变化不明显,当原料浓度为2%时,所形成的复合物的结晶度最高,约为82.23%.     

直链淀粉和六氟异丙醇的复合物制备研究

以B型淀粉为原料、六氟异丙醇(HFIP)为配体,采用高温复合的方法制备得到V型直链淀粉-六氟异丙醇复合物。通过单因素实验,系统研究了复合温度、配体用量、乙醇用量及结晶温度对复合物形成的影响,得到了复合物最优制备条件。其最优条件为复合温度110℃,配体的用量1.2 m L,无水乙醇用量3 m L,结晶温度为室温,所得复合物相对结晶度为59.49%。红外波谱分析显示V-型淀粉谱图中吸收峰强度相比B型淀粉有所增强且波数发生变化,这都是因为淀粉与醇复合所致。扫描电镜分析显示B型淀粉与六氟异丙醇复合后,其自身球形形貌消失,呈现碎片状。     

直链淀粉-正癸醇复合物的制备及表征

以B型微晶淀粉为原料、正癸醇为配体,制备得到了V型直链淀粉-正癸醇复合物。研究了配体添加量、乙醇浓度、结晶温度等因素对复合物形成的影响,通过X-射线衍射图谱(XRD)分析得到最佳复合条件,并对最优的V型复合物进行扫描电镜(SEM)、红外(IR),差示扫描量热分析(DSC)表征,研究结果表明,最优的制备条件为:淀粉/正癸醇配比为10:2.5、溶剂中乙醇溶度为9.10%、结晶温度为50℃,最优条件下制得的V型复合物的结晶度最高,为61.28%;SEM图片显示B型淀粉为球状颗粒,而V型淀粉为圆饼状颗粒;IR图谱中,由于V型复合物中淀粉和正癸醇发生叠加,其特征吸收峰的峰强度比B型淀粉特征吸收峰的峰强度大;DSC图谱显示V型复合物的吸收峰峰值温度比B型低。     

淀粉-配体复合物的制备及结晶结构研究

以B-型微晶淀粉为原料,经二甲亚砜溶解后,分散到热水中,随后加入一定比例的硬脂酸、单硬脂酸甘油脂、棕榈酸和异戊醇的乙醇溶液中,再经过混合、结晶、离心分离、洗涤,制得淀粉-配体复合物。采用X-射线衍射仪对得到的复合物进行分析和测试,结果发现在单硬脂酸甘油脂∶淀粉质量比为1∶4的和硬脂酸∶淀粉质量比为1∶5的条件下制备的V-型复合物的晶型结构最优。     

压力蒸汽法制备直链淀粉-茶多酚复合物

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,经酸解、结晶化并与茶多酚混合,采用增压高温方法制备得到直链淀粉-茶多酚复合物。研究淀粉茶多酚配比、复合时间和复合温度3个因素对直链淀粉-茶多酚复合物结晶结构的影响,采用单因素试验确定最佳制备工艺条件:淀粉-茶多酚配比100︰3、复合时间40 min、复合温度120℃。应用XRD、IR、SEM和RAMAN等方法对复合物进行表征,测试分析结果显示,复合物为黏连的球型,具有B型结晶结构,结晶度为45.06%,茶多酚未与淀粉发生化学反应。     

水化时间对V型结晶淀粉及其麝香草酚复合物结构的影响

将V型结晶淀粉在不同水化时间下处理后复合麝香草酚，从而探究水化程度对V型淀粉及其复合物结构的影响。采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、差示量热扫描仪(DSC)对V型淀粉及其复合物进行表征，并通过气相色谱仪测定麝香草酚含量。结果表明，麝香草酚与V型结晶淀粉成功形成复合物，且复合物均在118 ℃左右出现吸热峰，水化72 h的复合物吸热峰最高，焓值为(7.31 ± 0.29)J/g。XRD结果显示，随着水化时间由0 h延长至72 h，V型结晶淀粉结晶度由35.2%增加至41.1%。水化处理72 h后，淀粉中水分达到内外平衡，颗粒表面的水涂层逐渐消失，粗糙度变大。气相色谱表明复合物中麝香草酚含量与水化时间呈正相关关系。研究结果为开发天然高分子材料的微胶囊壁材提供理论基础。     

Study of the solubility,antioxidant activity and structure of inclusion complex of vanillin with β-cyclodextrin

In the present study, complexes of vanillin with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were prepared by the freeze-drying method. The formation of the inclusion complex was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC thermograms indicated that the endothermic peak of vanillin and the physical mixture of vanillin with β-CD, due to the melting of vanillin crystals, were absent in DSC thermograms obtained for the freeze-dried inclusion complex. Moreover, the DSC studies under oxidation conditions indicate that the complex of vanillin with β-CD is protected towards oxidation since it remains intact at temperatures where the free vanillin is oxidising. The structure of the complex in aqueous solutions was established by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies and specifically by two-dimensional rotational frame NOE spectra. NMR studies showed inclusion of the entire vanillin molecule in the β-CD in a tilted manner and with the aldehyde group in the primary side. The stoichiometry of the complex was 1:1. A phase solubility study was performed by mixing an excess amount of vanillin with aqueous solutions containing increasing amounts of β-CD. The results indicated that the complex of a vanillin/β-CD inclusion is more soluble in water than vanillin alone.     

β－环状糊精与胆固醇的包合物结构研究

差示热扫描量热分析（ＤＳＣ）表明，β－环状糊精／胆固醇包合物的形成过程中，其最佳分子摩尔比为３∶１。本文的第二部分则提出了β－环状糊精／胆固醇包合物的结构模型。     

麦芽糖基-β-环糊精与10-姜酚的包合作用研究

10-姜酚是生姜中有益于人体健康的生物活性成分,但其水溶性较低,化学稳定性较差,限制了其在食品工业中的应用。该研究采用溶剂法联合冷冻干燥技术制备10-姜酚/麦芽糖基-β-环糊精(Mal-β-CD)的包合物,并借助紫外光谱、红外光谱、X-射线衍射技术、热重及差示扫描量热联用分析、分子对接模拟等技术研究包合物结构特征。结果表明,Mal-β-CD对10-姜酚具有良好的包合能力,10-姜酚与Mal-β-CD包合物的化学计量比为1∶1;10-姜酚的苯环结构和非极性侧链进入到Mal-β-CD的疏水性空腔中,二者之间形成了4个氢键,氢键键长分别为2.5 ?、2.0 ?、2.4 ?、2.5 ?,结合能为-19.32 kJ/mol。10-姜酚以无定形状态存在于包合物中,其热稳定性得到了明显提高。     

Formation of Amylose‐Lipid Complexes and Effects of Temperature Treatment. Part 1. Monoglycerides

The formation of amylose‐lipid complexes of form I (amorphous structure) and form II (crystalline structure) during heating was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for a range of monoglycerides and for monoglyceride mixtures. The temperature treatment applied to amylose‐monoglyceride‐mixtures were either the first scan in DSC (10 °C/min, 15‐144 °C) or a prolonged heat treatment where the samples were kept at 100 °C for 24 h before being analysed in DSC. The temperature treatment influenced which type of complex was formed, and how much, whereas the thermal stability (as judged from the transition peak temperature) was only marginally influenced. It is shown in this study that all the investigated monoglycerides were able to give complex form I as well as complex form II, although the conditions for the formation differed between the monoglycerides. It was found that a simple DSC‐scan was enough for formation of complex form II for the shortest monoglycerides (glycerol monocaprin, glycerol monolaurin and glycerol monomyristin), whereas in case of the longer monoglycerides and monoglyceride mixtures the prolonged heat treatment was required for formation of complex form II. Moreover, the monoglyceride mixtures gave only form II at conditions where the individual components in the mixtures gave both form I and form II.     

Preparation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro digestibility on solid complex of maize starches with quercetin

The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize solid complex of starch with quercetin. Starches with different content of quercetin were prepared and their formation was confirmed by the presence of the carbonyl signal around 1662 cm⁻¹ in the FT-IR spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested most of the starch granules disintegrated with many visible fragments along with increasing quercetin content in the binary mixtures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of quercetin-starch complexes revealed that the crystal structure of native starch was disappeared and new crystalline regions were formed. The thermal behavior of quercetin-starch was investigated using thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was observed that the mass loss and thermal stability of complexes depend on the content of quercetin in the complexes. There were obvious differences between pregelatinized starch and quercetin-starch complexes in digestion rate. The digestion rate was drastically reduced as the quercetin was blended. The digestion rate was steady at about 37.3% for pregelatinized starch and 10.1% for quercetin-starch complex (2.5 g/100 g) after incubating 2 h. The residual starch of quercetin-starch complexes can be thought as resistant starch, the amounts of resistant starch were sharply increased in comparison with the pregelatinized starch.     

Properties and Structure of Amylose-Glyceryl Monostearate Complexes Formed in Solution or on Extrusion of Wheat Flour

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), alpha-amylolysis, and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) were used to characterize the lamellar morphology of solution-grown amyloseglyceryl monostearate (GMS) complexes. The complexes grown at 60°C and 90°C had melting temperatures of 100°C and 114°C, respectively. Both enzyme digested complexes had broad overlapping GFC chromatographs; however, the amylose-GMS-90°C complex had chain lengths 25% to 40% larger than the lower temperature complex. Assuming the main GFC peak was representative of the ordered lamellar regions, the complexes grown at 60°C and 90°C had helical chain segments of 104 Å and 145 Å, respectively. The influence of GMS addition on the twin screw extrusion of soft wheat flour was also investigated. Formation of a complex during extrusion, characteristic of the amylose-GMS-90°C polymorph, decreased the starch solubility, water holding capacity, enzyme susceptibility and degree of expansive-puffing of the extrudate.     

热处理对大豆分离蛋白-姜黄素互作机理及消化特性的影响

为了探究热处理对大豆分离蛋白-姜黄素复合物结构和互作机理的影响,研究了不同热处理温度(75、80、85、90、95℃)下大豆分离蛋白对姜黄素的包埋率以及其复合物粒径、电位、二级结构、三级结构,及其在体外消化率的变化。结果表明,85℃条件下热处理有利于大豆蛋白与姜黄素结合,形成稳定的复合物,包埋率达89.13%。此时液滴粒径大小为163.33 nm,电位值为-24.30 mV,总巯基和表面疏水性达到最大值分别为3.82μmol/g和3814±20,此时蛋白结构最为舒展,体系最稳定,有利于提高体外模拟消化释放率。该实验结果证明热处理可提高大豆蛋白与姜黄素的结合,有利于后续对大豆蛋白、姜黄素复合物的创新和开发。     

红豆淀粉-脂质复合物结构及体外消化性质

将红豆淀粉与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸4 种脂肪酸复合,采用微波处理淀粉后,使用水浴加热方法制备红豆淀粉-脂质复合物,利用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱及X射线衍射探讨复合物的结构变化,并测定复合物的体外消化特性。结果表明,在扫描电子显微镜下观察,与对照红豆淀粉相比,红豆淀粉-脂质复合物的体积增大,表面凹凸不平。差示扫描量热分析结果表明红豆淀粉只有单一峰,而复合物有3 个峰,证明复合物是由I型和II型复合物共同构成;糊化起始温度、峰值温度、结束温度均升高,说明加入脂肪酸抑制了淀粉的糊化;热焓随着脂肪酸碳链长度及不饱和度的增加而增大,热焓的增加可能与抗性淀粉的形成有关。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明复合物形成,氢键的增加可能使抗性淀粉含量增多。复合物产生了V型结晶结构的衍射角,晶体特性发生改变,证明了复合物的存在,添加棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸形成复合物的特征峰强度明显高于添加亚油酸形成复合物的特征峰强度,随着V型特征峰强度的增加,抗性淀粉含量增多。复合物的快速消化淀粉质量分数降低、缓慢消化淀粉及抗性淀粉质量分数升高,抗消化性随着脂肪酸碳链长度的增加及不饱和度的增加而降低。4 种脂肪酸对红豆淀粉结构及体外消化影响不同,其中,以棕榈酸的影响效果最为显著。本实验可为淀粉-脂质复合物的结构性质及其在抗性淀粉的应用提供参考依据。     

直链淀粉与不同风味分子包合物的制备及其结构表征

为研究直链淀粉与风味分子的制备及所得包合物的结构规律,选择(C6～C9)脂肪族醇和α-萘酚5组风味分子与直链淀粉采用热熔法制取包合物。在100℃将直链淀粉糊化后于密闭容器中加入风味分子,恒温后缓慢冷却离心冷冻干燥制得产物,且包合物收率在45%～50%。通过扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)、X射线衍射法(XRD)、核磁共振(NMR)确认了包合物的形成;差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)测定表明直链淀粉与正庚醇的包合物结构最稳定,此结果在各种表征结果中存在一致性。实验证实了热熔法可制得稳定的直链淀粉风味分子包合物;包合物包埋率随着脂肪醇链长的增加呈降低趋势。     

乳化剂-直链淀粉复合物的形成及其对蛋糕抗老化的影响

当乳化剂加入到含有淀粉的食品中进行蒸煮或烘焙时,淀粉和乳化剂可形成复合物,以起到改善产品品质、延长货架期的作用。文中通过差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)和蓝值测定几种乳化剂与直链淀粉的络合能力,并就其对蛋糕的品质和老化特性的影响进行研究,结果表明:与淀粉络合能力强的乳化剂生产出来的蛋糕的品质和抗老化性要比络合能力弱的乳化剂好。研究和探讨了乳化剂对浆料比重、蛋糕比容和蛋糕质构的影响,结果表明:乳化剂的加入使浆料比重降低,蛋糕比容增加,硬度降低,回复性、弹性和咀嚼性提高。