去甲去氢斑蝥素酰亚胺衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

以顺丁烯二酸酐和呋喃为起始原料,经Diels-Alder、取代和缩合反应,合成了7个去甲去氢斑蝥素酰亚胺衍生物,其结构经NMR和元素分析证实。通过滤纸片法分别测定合成物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,中间体N-氨基去甲去氢斑蝥素酰亚胺和部分产物对两种细菌都有较好的抑菌活性。其中,N-(氨基缩对甲氧基苯甲醛)-去甲去氢斑蝥素酰亚胺对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性最强,抑菌圈直径为28 mm。     

5-苄基-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]哌嗪的合成

以炔丙醇和重氮甲烷为原料,经缩合、氧化、还原氨化、氯代及环合等5步反应,合成5-苄基-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]哌嗪这一未见文献报道的化合物。产物结构经核磁共振氢谱和质谱确证。     

6-取代-l,4-环辛二烯的单重态氧反应——合成顺式-5,8-和反式-5,6-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯含氧衍生物的方便途径

以竹红菌甲素作敏化剂匹配高压钠灯产生单重态氧,在甲醇溶液中,氧化6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯(1),(2),并经亚硫酸钠还原,得到顺-5,8-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯和反-5,6-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯发。化合物(3)是在三氯乙烷溶液中,未经还原得到过氧化氢基取代-1,3-环辛二烯。基态分子的稳定构象决定了反应产物的立体选择性。这类反应为用光氧化方法合成顺-5,8-二取代和反-5,6-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯含氧衍生物提供了方便的途径。     

若干合成香料的制备(二)

本文研究了自d-苧烯经亚硝基氯,脱氯化氢和水解三步反应制得1-香芹酮,三步反应总得率为37％。以丙醛为原料经醇醛缩合,选择加氢和氧化反应得到二氢草莓酸 (2-甲基戊酸),三步反应总得率为60％;自2-甲基戊烯-2醛经氧化反应制得草莓酸(2-甲基戊烯-2酸,得率40％。     

7-苄氨基-9,10-二氢-1,2,4-三氮唑并[4,3-a]喹啉衍生物的合成及环合反应的探讨

以6-氨基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮为起始原料,经缩合、还原、硫代、环合等反应合成了5个7-苄氨基-9,10-二氢-1,2,4-三氮唑并[4,3-a]喹啉衍生物。产物的结构经核磁共振谱和质谱确证。     

去甲去氢斑蝥素缩氨基硫脲的合成及与牛血清白蛋白的作用

基于去甲斑蝥素和氨基硫脲的抗肿瘤及抗癌活性,设计合成了新型化合物——去甲去氢斑蝥素缩氨基硫脲(DNCT),并采用荧光光谱法和紫外可见吸收光谱法研究了去甲去氢斑蝥素缩氨基硫脲与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。研究结果表明,DNCT对BSA的荧光猝灭机理为静态猝灭;在25、30、37℃下,DNCT与BSA的结合常数分别为1.43×10~5、6.56×10~4、3.68×10~4L/mol,结合位点数分别为1.09、1.02、0.97,结合距离为2.97 nm(25℃)。热力学研究发现,DNCT与BSA主要是通过疏水作用结合。同步荧光显示,DNCT对BSA构象有一定的影响。     

6,7-二氢-6-甲基-3-甲硫基吡喃[4,3-c]吡唑-4-(2H)-酮衍生物的合成及生物活性

6-甲基-5,6-二氢吡喃-2,4-二酮和二硫化碳、碘甲烷缩合得到5,6-二氢吡喃-2,4-二酮的二硫缩醛化合物,然后和取代肼反应得到1位取代和2位取代6,7-二氢-6-甲基-3-甲硫基吡喃[4,3-c]吡唑-4-(2H)-酮衍生物。其化学结构通过单晶X衍射、1HNMR、13CNMR、元素分析证实。生物活性测试结果初步表明,该类化合物表现出一定的杀菌和对前列腺癌细胞PC3的抑制活性。     

5,6-二溴苊-1,2-二酮的合成

以苊为原料,经N-溴代丁二酰亚胺溴化、三氧化铬氧化得5,6-二溴苊-1,2-二酮,2步反应的总收率为41.6%。目标化合物结构经ESI-MS、~1H NMR确证。     

4-甲基-5-乙烯基尼古丁腈的合成

以2-乙酰丁酸内酯和氰乙酰胺为原料,经缩合、氯代、催化氢化以及消除4步反应,合成了标题化合物,总收率59.9%.产物结构经核磁共振氢谱和质谱确认.     

一种全新腔肠素化合物的合成

天然型腔肠素主要来源于海洋发光生物，其应用领域非常广泛，因其发光波长较短、稳定性差、荧光强度较弱等缺点，影响了其工业应用。为了开发更好的腔肠素衍生物，设计了一种全新腔肠素化合物。起始反应物为6-甲基-2-氨基吡嗪，第一步溴代反应，然后是偶联反应、再溴代反应、再偶联反应，最后是缩合环合反应，得到1个新型的腔肠素衍生物，它的结构通过氢谱和碳谱得到确认。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。