沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石反应条件控制研究

为了方便快速地获得高纯度羟基磷灰石,本研究以（NH4）2HPO4和Ca（NO3）.24H2O为原料,利用沉淀法制备纳米级羟基磷灰石粉末。对温度、pH值、分散剂添加比例、钙磷比、烧结温度等反应控制条件进行了研究,对钙磷比及烧结温度做了详细的讨论。结果表明：此法可以得到分散性、均匀性好,纯度高、颗粒小、晶形完整的纳米级羟基磷灰石。     

磁性羟基磷灰石的晶体结构分析

以FeCl3·6H2O,FeCl2·4H2O为原料,通过水热法制备磁性四氧化三铁粒子.并以合成的磁性四氧化三铁粒子,Na3PO4 ·12H2O和Ca(NO3)2 ·4H2O为原料,在80 ℃恒温水浴条件下,采用共沉淀法制备磁性羟基磷灰石.通过X射线衍射(XRD),红外(FTIR)对制备样品的结构和化学组成进行表征,并用Materials Studio 4.0(MS)模拟软件,对制备的样品进行结构分析.结果表明,四氧化三铁取代羟基磷灰石中平行于c轴的OH进入羟基磷灰石晶格中,从而引起羟基磷灰石 (210)和(212)晶面发生变化,但所得的样品具备羟基磷灰石的晶体结构特征和化学组成.     

细鳞片石墨化学氧化法制备可膨胀石墨技术问题探讨

采用分步氧化法制备了80目细鳞片可膨胀石墨。通过L9（3^4）正交试验确定了最佳工艺条件。在液固比-5：1，C：KMnO4=1：0．12，Ⅰ H2SO4：Ⅱ H2SO4=4：1，H2SO4：H2O2=12：1（均为质量比g／g）条件下获得膨胀容积为290mL／g。对制备过程中液固比、硫酸浓度、双氧水的加入方式、可膨胀石墨烘手温度、原料粒度等因素对膨胀容积的影响以及可膨胀石墨的稳定性的改善方法进行了探讨。     

水热法解聚钠硼解石制备硼酸钙

以钠硼解石天然矿粉为原料，经水热解聚和相转化制备出硼酸钙产品。通过化学分析、XRD及TG—DTG分析表明：产品中的物相主要是白硼钙石（4CaO·5B2O3-7H2O）、硬硼钙石（2CaO·3B2O3·5H2O）和羟硼钙石（3CaO·2B2O3·9H2O）。实验确定了适宜的工艺条件，即：反应体系液固体积质量比为2．5mL／g左右；解聚温度120℃；解聚时间8h左右；干燥温度在200℃左右。在此工艺条件下制得的硼酸钙产品的氧化钠质量分数在0．5％以下，很好地满足了无碱玻璃纤维工业对含硼原料的要求。     

沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石反应条件控制研究

为了方便快速地获得高纯度羟基磷灰石,本研究以(NH4)2HPO4和Ca(NO3)2·4H2O为原料,利用沉淀法制备纳米级羟基磷灰石粉末,并描述了制备过程。对温度、pH值、分散剂添加比例、钙磷比、烧结温度等反应控制条件进行了研究,并对钙磷比及烧结温度做了详细的讨论。结果表明,此法可以得到分散性、均匀性好,纯度高,颗粒小,晶形完整的纳米级羟基磷灰石。     

沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石反应条件控制研究

为了方便快速地获得高纯度羟基磷灰石,本研究以(NH4)2HPO4和Ca(NO3)2.4H2O为原料,利用沉淀法制备纳米级羟基磷灰石粉末。描述了制备过程。对温度、PH值、分散剂添加比例、钙磷比、烧结温度等反应控制条件进行了研究,对钙磷比及烧结温度做了详细的讨论。结果表明:此法可以得到分散性、均匀性好,纯度高、颗粒小、晶形完整的纳米级羟基磷灰石。     

纳米羟基磷灰石粉体制备工艺的研究

以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、(NH4)2HPO4和柠檬酸为原料,浓硝酸为溶剂,NH4NO3为助燃剂,采用低温燃烧/水热法快速合成羟基磷灰石纳米粉体。通过对不同工艺条件下得到的试样进行XRD、SEM等分析,研究了柠檬酸和NH4NO3的加入量对燃烧反应的影响,以及水热处理的温度和时间对水热反应的影响。研究结果表明,选择合理的工艺条件能够快速合成高纯度的羟基磷灰石纳米粉体。     

微波辅助合成羟基磷灰石研究

羟基磷灰石由于具有良好的生物相容性和生物活性而应用广泛.本文分别以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、(NH4)2 HPO4·3H2O为Ca源和P源,采用微波辅助加热的方式合成羟基磷灰石.使用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对获得的产物进行了表征.分别研究了微波反应时间、反应功率和原料Ca/P比对合成羟基磷灰石形貌和结晶度的影响.结果表明,不同条件下,产物的形貌与结晶度均有不同.当合成时间为5 min,微波功率为400W,Ca/P比为2.0时,产物为具有结晶良好的羟基磷灰石.     

羟基磷灰石涂层的制备研究

以五氧化二磷、无水乙醇、硝酸钙为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备羟基磷灰石涂层.选用2mm/s的速度浸渍提拉载玻片,在载玻片上进行涂膜,经60℃干燥后在650℃保温3h,可在载玻片上得到羟基磷灰石涂层.研究结果表明:制备溶胶合适的配比为nCa(NO3)2·4H2O:nP2O5=10:3,即Ca/P原子比=5:3(约等于1.67).     

一种简单通用制备纳米羟基磷灰石的方法

详细介绍了如何在普通的实验条件下获得纳米羟基磷灰石的方法。采用化学沉淀法以Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O和Ca(OH)2为原料,聚丙烯酸纳为稳定剂,磁力搅拌器搅拌并辅以超声波作用,通过X射线衍射、透射电镜及细胞共培养评价所制备的材料。结果成功地制备了羟基磷灰石纳米粒子,粒径20～50nm,形貌呈细针状,集成羽毛状均匀分布,羽毛根部宽约20～30nm;并且这些纳米粒子与细胞的共培养效果良好。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。