RAP2P：一种基于资源广告的非结构化P2P系统

研究了非结构化P2P系统的数据管理和相应的资源查询算法。提出了基于资源广告的非结构化P2P系统，即RAP2P。设计了一种类似谣言传播机制的资源信息广告算法AdGossip来传播共享资源广告，并且通过共享资源广告缓存限制机制来保证局部区域缓存空间对共享资源节点的最大覆盖率。分析和模拟结果表明，在获得100％查询命中率的条件下，RAP2P的资源定位消息开销约为泛洪查询的25％，查询的时延为泛洪查询的30%~50%，并且远远低于k-random walks。     

Peer-to-peer bichromatic reverse nearest neighbours in mobile ad-hoc networks

The increasing use of mobile communications has raised many issues of decision support and resource allocation. A crucial problem is how to solve queries of Reverse Nearest Neighbour (RNN). An RNN query returns all objects that consider the query object as their nearest neighbour. Existing methods mostly rely on a centralised base station. However, mobile P2P systems offer many benefits, including self-organisation, fault-tolerance and load-balancing. In this study, we propose and evaluate 3 distinct P2P algorithms focusing on bichromatic RNN queries, in which mobile query peers and static objects of interest are of two different categories, based on a time-out mechanism and a boundary polygon around the mobile query peers. The Brute-Force Search Algorithm provides a naive approach to exploit shared information among peers whereas two other Boundary Search Algorithms filter a number of peers involved in query processing. The algorithms are evaluated in the MiXiM simulation framework with both real and synthetic datasets. The results show the practical feasibility of the P2P approach for solving bichromatic RNN queries for mobile networks.     

基于改进DHT算法的分布式资源发现模型的研究*

为了解决大型分布式系统由集中管理导致的扩展性和鲁棒性差的问题,利用改进的结构化对等网组织分布式计算资源,构造一个SRDM（scalable resource discovery model,可扩展资源发现模型）。SRDM将逻辑空间中的节点分为主机节点和资源节点。主机节点对应分布式环境中的计算节点,用于存储peer关联信息,通过相容性hash映射到逻辑空间上;资源节点对应分布式环境中资源属性信息,其与逻辑空间的映射通过分段hash再合并的方法得到。通过对属性值采用位置保留hash方法,使改进后的DHT算法支持有效的资源节点范围查询和多属性范围查询。最后通过实验证明,基于改进DHT算法的资源发现方法比集中式的方法有更好的扩展性,更适用于大规模分布式系统下的资源发现。     

A general approach to attribute reduction in rough set theory

The concept of a consistent approximation representation space is introduced. Many types of information systems can be treated and unified as consistent ap- proximation representation spaces. At the same time, under the framework of this space, the judgment theorem for determining consistent attribute set is established, from which we can obtain the approach to attribute reductions in information systems. Also, the characterizations of three important types of attribute sets (the core attribute set, the relative necessary attribute set and the unnecessary attribute set) are examined.     

Minimum-phase criterion on sampling time for sampled-data interval systems using genetic algorithms

In this paper, a genetic algorithm-based approach is proposed to determine a desired sampling-time range which guarantees minimum phase behaviour for the sampled-data system of an interval plant preceded by a zero-order hold (ZOH). Based on a worst-case analysis, the identification problem of the sampling-time range is first formulated as an optimization problem, which is subsequently solved under a GA-based framework incorporating two genetic algorithms. The first genetic algorithm searches both the uncertain plant parameters and sampling time to dynamically reduce the search range for locating the desired sampling-time boundaries based on verification results from the second genetic algorithm. As a result, the desired sampling-time range ensuring minimum phase behaviour of the sampled-data interval system can be evolutionarily obtained. Because of the time-consuming process that genetic algorithms generally exhibit, particularly the problem nature which requires undertaking a large number of evolution cycles, parallel computation for the proposed genetic algorithm is therefore proposed to accelerate the derivation process. Illustrated examples in this paper have demonstrated that the proposed GA-based approach is capable of accurately locating the boundaries of the desired sampling-time range.     

An index selection method without repeated optimizer estimations

The index selection problem (ISP) concerns the selection of an appropriate index set to minimize the total cost for a given workload containing read and update queries. Since the ISP has been proven to be an NP-hard problem, most studies focus on heuristic algorithms to obtain approximate solutions. However, even approximate algorithms still consume a large amount of computing time and disk space because these systems must record all query statements and frequently request from the database optimizers the cost estimation of each query in each considered index. This study proposes a novel algorithm without repeated optimizer estimations. When a query is delivered to a database system, the optimizer evaluates the costs of various query plans and chooses an access path for the query. The information from the evaluation stage is aggregated and recorded with limited space. The proposed algorithm can recommend indexes according to the readily available information without querying the optimizer again. The proposed algorithm was tested in a PostgreSQL database system using TPC-H data. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

不协调优势目标信息系统的启发式下近似约简

基于不协调优势目标信息系统,给出刻画属性重要性的新指标,以该指标为启发式信息,提出一种新的下近似约简算法。该算法具有较大的灵活性,能从搜索空间逐次删除不重要属性,避免重复计算属性的重要性,从而提高搜索的效率,且时间复杂度较低。通过实例说明了该算法的有效性。     

Skyframe: a framework for skyline query processing in peer-to-peer systems

This paper looks at the processing of skyline queries on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. We propose Skyframe, a framework for efficient skyline query processing in P2P systems, which addresses the challenges of quick response time, low network communication cost and query load balancing among peers. Skyframe consists of two querying methods: one is optimized for network communication while the other focuses on query response time. These methods are different in the way in which the query search space is defined. In particular, the first method uses a high dominating point that has a large dominating region to prune the search space to achieve a low cost in network communication. On the other hand, the second method relaxes the search space in order to allow parallel query processing to speed up query response. Skyframe achieves query load balancing by both query load conscious data space splitting/merging during the join/departure of nodes and dynamic load migration. We further show how to apply Skyframe to both the P2P systems supporting multi-dimensional indexing and the P2P systems supporting single-dimensional indexing. Finally, we have conducted extensive experiments on both real and synthetic data sets over two existing P2P systems: CAN (Ratnasamy in A scalable content-addressable network. In: Proceedings of SIGCOMM Conference, pp. 161–172, 2001) and BATON (Jagadish et al. in A balanced tree structure for peer-to-peer networks. In: Proceedings of VLDB Conference, pp. 661–672, 2005) to evaluate the effectiveness and scalability of Skyframe.     

Mining for Attribute Definitions in a Distributed Two-Layered DB System

Empirical equations are an important class of regularities that can be discovered in databases. We concentrate on the role of equations as definitions of attribute values. Such definitions can be used in many ways in a single database and for transfer of knowledge between databases. We present a quest for equations that can be used as definitions of an attribute in a given database. That quest triggers a discovery mechanism that specializes in searching recursively a system of databases and returns a set of partial definitions. We introduce the notion of shared operational semantics. It is founded on an equation-based system of partial definitions and it gives necessary foundations for designing local query answering systems in a distributed two-layered information system (D²LIS). The knowledge exchange between two sites of D²LIS may only improve an equation-based system of partial definitions at each of these sites. At the same time the shared operational semantics will better interpret user queries. Operational semantics augments the earlier developed semantics for rules used as attribute definitions. To put the shared operational semantics on a firm theoretical foundation we give a formal interpretation of queries which justifies empirical equations in their definitional role.     

Continuous and Diverse Image-to-Image Translation via Signed Attribute Vectors

Recent image-to-image (I2I) translation algorithms focus on learning the mapping from a source to a target domain. However, the continuous translation problem that synthesizes intermediate results between two domains has not been well-studied in the literature. Generating a smooth sequence of intermediate results bridges the gap of two different domains, facilitating the morphing effect across domains. Existing I2I approaches are limited to either intra-domain or deterministic inter-domain continuous translation. In this work, we present an effectively signed attribute vector, which enables continuous translation on diverse mapping paths across various domains. In particular, we introduce a unified attribute space shared by all domains that utilize the sign operation to encode the domain information, thereby allowing the interpolation on attribute vectors of different domains. To enhance the visual quality of continuous translation results, we generate a trajectory between two sign-symmetrical attribute vectors and leverage the domain information of the interpolated results along the trajectory for adversarial training. We evaluate the proposed method on a wide range of I2I translation tasks. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed framework generates more high-quality continuous translation results against the state-of-the-art methods.

     

一种高效的P2P环境中的窗口查询算法

随着多媒体以及P2P网络的发展,针对高维数据基于属性的窗口查询已经成为一个重要研究课题.提出了一种在超级节点P2P网络中有效解决高维数据的窗口查询算法,在每个单独的网络节点上,数据通过一种降维算法映射到一维空间,在超级节点上,构造数据的统计信息表以及构造网络查询树,算法在每次查询时,按照查询树的规则来访问整个网络,并利用统计信息剪枝网络中的节点查询,避免网络的泛洪.实验中使用了不同的数据集来评测算法的查询效率,结果表明该算法具有很高的查询效率.     

一种中医药行业搜索引擎的推荐词产生方式

随着计算机信息技术的发展,中医药行业大量的文献资料和数据库资源需要共享到Internet网上,以方便专业人士进行查询搜索,独特的中医药行业搜索引擎就是顺应这个需求而开发的.文章中笔者结合自己的经验和体会,提出了一种根据用户输入的查询词产生相关推荐词的方法.该推荐词产生方法与其它的搜索引擎如谷歌、雅虎、百度不同,结合了中医药行业搜素引擎与中医药行业中文分词的特点,应用一种算法来统计推荐词之间的相关性,用关系数据表方式对推荐词进行专门存储管理.实践证明此方法能够及时、准确的生成推荐词集,行业特征明显,具有一定的创新性和推广价值.     

动态数据立方的范围查询

根据data cube层次性的特点和查询习惯提出了新的分块计算方法，并在此基础上提出了改进算法．这种方法节约了存储空间，在LBD粒度及其上的查询效率为O(1)，同时数据的更新时间大约为O()，还节约了大量的存储空间，并且使得数据立方具有了一定的结构独立性，能有效的减少重新构造数据立方(reprocess)的次数，因而在时间上和效率上有较大的优势．     

基于多处碰撞位探测的标签防碰撞算法研究

在无线射频识别系统（RFID）中,当阅读器向范围内的标签发送命令以后,标签向阅读器发送反馈信号,当有两个或者两个以上的标签做出了相同的反馈信息,就会产生标签碰撞。解决碰撞问题提高标签识别效率对RFID的应用具有重要意义。针对目前一些已有算法存在查询次数过多且吞吐率不高的问题,该文提出一种基于多处碰撞位探测的标签防碰撞算法(Multiple Collision Bits Detection, MCBD)。该算法通过阅读器发送的探测命令,获取标签发生碰撞位的比特值,再结合查询命令直接识别出标签。仿真实验结果显示MCBD算法降低了识别标签所需的查询次数,提高了吞吐率。该文算法的创新在于可以对单独或者连续的碰撞位都一并处理,充分利用标签的ID信息,对RFID标签识别的研究具有一定意义。     

Efficient fuzzy full-text type-ahead search

Traditional information systems return answers after a user submits a complete query. Users often feel “left in the dark” when they have limited knowledge about the underlying data and have to use a try-and-see approach for finding information. A recent trend of supporting autocomplete in these systems is a first step toward solving this problem. In this paper, we study a new information-access paradigm, called “type-ahead search” in which the system searches the underlying data “on the fly” as the user types in query keywords. It extends autocomplete interfaces by allowing keywords to appear at different places in the underlying data. This framework allows users to explore data as they type, even in the presence of minor errors. We study research challenges in this framework for large amounts of data. Since each keystroke of the user could invoke a query on the backend, we need efficient algorithms to process each query within milliseconds. We develop various incremental-search algorithms for both single-keyword queries and multi-keyword queries, using previously computed and cached results in order to achieve a high interactive speed. We develop novel techniques to support fuzzy search by allowing mismatches between query keywords and answers. We have deployed several real prototypes using these techniques. One of them has been deployed to support type-ahead search on the UC Irvine people directory, which has been used regularly and well received by users due to its friendly interface and high efficiency.     

PrDB: managing and exploiting rich correlations in probabilistic databases

Due to numerous applications producing noisy data, e.g., sensor data, experimental data, data from uncurated sources, information extraction, etc., there has been a surge of interest in the development of probabilistic databases. Most probabilistic database models proposed to date, however, fail to meet the challenges of real-world applications on two counts: (1) they often restrict the kinds of uncertainty that the user can represent; and (2) the query processing algorithms often cannot scale up to the needs of the application. In this work, we define a probabilistic database model, PrDB, that uses graphical models, a state-of-the-art probabilistic modeling technique developed within the statistics and machine learning community, to model uncertain data. We show how this results in a rich, complex yet compact probabilistic database model, which can capture the commonly occurring uncertainty models (tuple uncertainty, attribute uncertainty), more complex models (correlated tuples and attributes) and allows compact representation (shared and schema-level correlations). In addition, we show how query evaluation in PrDB translates into inference in an appropriately augmented graphical model. This allows us to easily use any of a myriad of exact and approximate inference algorithms developed within the graphical modeling community. While probabilistic inference provides a generic approach to solving queries, we show how the use of shared correlations, together with a novel inference algorithm that we developed based on bisimulation, can speed query processing significantly. We present a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the proposed techniques and show that even with a few shared correlations, significant speedups are possible.     

基于HBase的路网移动对象时空索引方法

在处理路网移动对象时,由于HBase只能采用key查询,不适用于移动对象的多维查询,导致HBase存在存储索引与查询效率不高的问题。针对此问题,在HBase存储结构的基础上设计并实现了一种高效的路网移动对象HBase索引框架（RM-HBase）。首先,对原生HBase索引框架的上层HMaster和下层HRegionServer进行改进,解决分布式集群数据的热点分布问题,提高空间数据的查询效率;其次,提出路网移动索引——RN-tree,解决空间划分中的"死空间"问题,同时提高空间中路段的查询效率;然后,基于上述对HBase的索引改进,分别设计了时空范围查询、时空K最近邻（KNN）查询和移动对象轨迹查询的查询算法;最后,实验选用了同样是基于HBase分布式数据库而提出的时空HBase索引（STEHIX）框架作为对比对象,分别从索引框架的性能和算法的查询效率两个方面对RM-HBase的性能进行分析。实验结果表明,所提的RM-HBase在数据的均衡分布性能和时空查询算法的查询性能方面都优于STEHIX框架,有助于提升海量路网移动对象数据的时空索引效率。     

潜在属性空间树分类器

提出一种潜在属性空间树分类器(latent attribute space tree classifier,简称LAST)框架,通过将原属性空间变换到更容易分离数据或更符合决策树分类特点的潜在属性空间,突破传统决策树算法的决策面局限,改善树分类器的泛化性能.在LAST 框架下,提出了两种奇异值分解斜决策树(SVD (singular value decomposition) oblique decision tree,简称SODT)算法,通过对全局或局部数据进行奇异值分解,构建正交的潜在属性空间,然后在潜在属性空间内构建传统的单变量决策树或树节点,从而间接获得原空间内近似最优的斜决策树.SODT 算法既能够处理整体数据与局部数据分布相同或不同的数据集,又可以充分利用有标签和无标签数据的结构信息,分类结果不受样本随机重排的影响,而且时间复杂度还与单变量决策树算法相同.在复杂数据集上的实验结果表明,与传统的单变量决策树算法和其他斜决策树算法相比,SODT 算法的分类准确率更高,构建的决策树大小更稳定,整体分类性能更鲁棒,决策树构建时间与C4.5 算法相近,而远小于其他斜决策树算法.     

Approximation-Based Similarity Search for 3-D Surface Segments

The issue of finding similar 3-D surface segments arises in many recent applications of spatial database systems, such as molecular biology, medical imaging, CAD, and geographic information systems. Surface segments being similar in shape to a given query segment are to be retrieved from the database. The two main questions are how to define shape similarity and how to efficiently execute similarity search queries. We propose a new similarity model based on shape approximation by multi-parametric surface functions that are adaptable to specific application domains. We then define shape similarity of two 3-D surface segments in terms of their mutual approximation errors. Applying the multi-step query processing paradigm, we propose algorithms to efficiently support complex similarity search queries in large spatial databases. A new query type, called the ellipsoid query, is utilized in the filter step. Ellipsoid queries, being specified by quadratic forms, represent a general concept for similarity search. Our major contribution is the introduction of efficient algorithms to perform ellipsoid queries on multidimensional index structures. Experimental results on a large 3-D protein database containing 94,000 surface segments demonstrate the successful application and the high performance of our method.