超低频快速高精度虚拟多功能仪的研究

低频(≤3 Hz)尤其是超低频(≤0.1 Hz)信号的频率幅值和失真度、相位等参数的测量分析一直是个难题,特别是极超低频(≤0.01～0.0001 Hz)的信号的快速测量一直是国内外的重大难题,在振动计量标定界几乎是一个空白.本文介绍了COINV(东方所)研制成功的DASP超低频快速高精度虚拟多功能仪的研究情况.     

超低频激光干涉法振动幅相特性测量技术的研究

基于对结构动力学、地球物理和地震物探等研究领域中超低频振动计量器具量值溯源迫切需求的分析,对超低频（低至0.002Hz）、大振幅（1m（p-p））激光绝对法振动幅值和相位测量技术进行了研究。针对激光干涉仪在动态超低频、大振幅情况下,跟踪测量性能变差的问题,研制了具有直流输出特性的大光程零差正交激光干涉仪;采用自主提出的自适应动态分解算法,解决了超低频数据量庞大、数据采集处理困难的技术难题.。给出了在超低频振动台上对石英挠性加速度计进行校准的实验数据。结果表明,该系统可实现动态光程大于1m、频率范围0.002Hz~2kHz的加速度幅值和相位的激光绝对法精确测量。     

超低频振动国家计量基准装置的研究与建立

根据超低频振动标准装置的研究现状和应用需求,研究和建立了国家振动幅值和相位基准装置,其频率为0.002 Hz~160Hz、振幅为峰峰1 m、承载30 kg、加速度波形失真度＜1%。介绍了装置的结构组成,描述了大行程水平振动台的设计方案、反馈控制技术、管线拖曳系统和激光测振系统,给出了装置的主要技术指标和比对实验数据。解决了我国超低频振动计量的溯源问题     

一种低功耗被动型CPT原子钟

介绍了一款新研制的被动型相干布局囚禁(CPT)原子钟样机及其主要性能.样机功耗约为4 W,频率稳定度达到在τ＜8000s范围内优于6×10-11τ-1/2,10 MHz 输出频率在1Hz范围内的相位噪声达到-79.1dBc/Hz .所研制的CPT原子钟具有小型、低功耗的特点.     

低压CMOS压控振荡器设计

通过对LC压控振荡器原理的分析,设计了一种新型CMOS集成压控振荡器.该电路通过利用振荡器的输出产生高电压来控制开关电容阵列的开启来实现输出频率在不同频段中转换,从而提高输出频率范围和降低相位噪声.电路采用TsMc18rf工艺,用cadence的spectre工具进行仿真.结果表明:在0.6V的电源电压下,频率覆盖了2.07GHz到2.78GHz,可调控范围约为29%,总功耗约为1.8mw,1MHz频偏处相位噪声约为一120dB/Hz,满足了设计要求.     

超低频电压量值溯源关键技术研究

针对热电变换器无法实现超低频电压交直流转换的问题,基于热电变换器输出热电势的平方特性和等幅值正交正弦信号平方和恒等特性,结合双加热丝热电变换器,提出一种超低频电压交直流转换方法,将超低频电压溯源至直流电压基准,实现10 Hz及以下超低频电压的量值溯源。搭建超低频电压交直流转换系统,在10 Hz频率下交直流转换的标准不确定度不超过14μV/V。设计验证实验,与平面多元热电变换器交直流转换结果进行对比,两种方法得到的结果具有较好的一致性,其不一致性在不确定度范围内。     

基于声学超材料的低频隔声模型设计

由于低频声波波长较长且穿透力强、难以衰减,能很轻易地绕过障碍物,所以排除低频声波的干扰一直是声学研究中的一大问题。为了实现对低频波的有效吸收,解决现代生产生活中普遍存在的噪声污染问题,以声学超材料为基础,利用COMSOL有限元软件研究设计一种二维三分量局部共振型超材料模型,对不同频率、不同厚度和不同形状结构的超材料模型隔声效果展开研究。经仿真实验结果验证,模型能够实现对低频声波的吸收,在20～3 000 Hz频率范围内有效降低低频宽频噪声,最大可得到30 dB的声衰减,从而达到良好的低频隔声效果,这项研究对声学的发展有很好的现实价值和发展空间,为民用及军用领域对减振降噪的高需求提供了更多的可能,可在许多不同的应用中发挥作用。     

复合式低频隔振器的理论建模及其性能分析

抑制低频振动是当前振动领域的一个热点问题,将惯容器与液压蓄能器结合在一起,同时利用形状记忆合金弹簧的超弹性,设计了一种将惯容器和拟零刚度隔振结合的复合式超低频隔振器。说明了超低频隔振的原理,分析了隔振器的力传递比,研究了惯容器惯容值以及弹簧刚度对系统谐振频率的影响。计算结果表明,所设计的超低频隔振器的谐振频率可以降低至1 Hz以内。     

石英挠性加速度计在超低频振动国家基准研制中的应用研究

介绍了超低频振动国家基准装置。采用改进型石英挠性加速度计SA704和研发的适配器MSA-I组成的振动套组,作为超低频振动台负反馈控制的拾振器和装置性能测试的标准器,有效地降低了振动台台面输出加速度波形的失真度,抑制了环境振动的影响,实现了0.002 Hz以上加速度失真度小于1%;解决了1 Hz以下超低频段无测量传感器的问题。该套组可作为低频和超低频振动基标准装置量值传递的标准器和核查标准。     

基于新型相位载波调制解调技术的双M-Z光纤振动传感器

针对分布式振动传感中温度、应力等缓变因素导致的低频相位漂移,提出了一种基于新型相位载波(PGC)调制解调技术的双M-Z干涉仪型FDDS,原始信号经窄带模拟低通滤波后,再通过A/D转换器转变为数字信号完成解调,解决了传统数字PGC调制解调技术中因高速A/D采集而引入的窄带数字低通滤波的设计难题,通过构造特殊解调项实现了高次谐波解调,同时补偿了因长距离传感光纤引起的相位延时,提高了信噪比,最终达到抑制低频相位漂移、减小定位误差、提高定位精度的目的.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。