新型聚醚砜/磺化聚醚砜共混超滤膜制备方法的研究

基于自制的磺化聚醚砜(SPES)溶液,直接将SPES溶液与聚醚砜(PES)共混配制铸膜液,制备新型的聚醚砜/磺化聚醚砜(PES/SPES)共混超滤膜,简化了制膜过程.考察了铸膜液中PES与SPES总固含量、凝固浴温度、预蒸发时间和添加剂对PES/SPES共混膜结构与性能的影响.研究发现,随铸膜液温度的降低和铸膜液中酸含量的增加,铸膜液的比浓黏度增加;制备的共混膜断面为致密皮层和多孔支撑层组成的不对称结构;随铸膜液PES/SPES总固含量的增加,共混膜的水通量降低,截留率升高;随凝固浴温度升高和预放置时间延长,共混膜水通量增加,截留率降低;聚乙二醇200(PEG200)和丙酮的加入有利于改善膜性能,当加入量为2%时,共混膜的水通量都高于460L/(m~2·h),对PEG6000截留率都大于85%.     

CA/PSf共混超滤膜的制备及性能研究

以聚砜(PSf)为基膜材料,醋酸纤维素(CA)为共混膜材料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,去离子水为凝固浴,采用非溶剂致相分离法(NIPS法)制备CA/PSf共混平板超滤膜.综合考察了共混膜有机物溶出量,铸膜液聚合物浓度和共混比以及不同凝固浴组成对膜结构、水通量、水接触角、孔隙率、蛋白质截留率的影响.结果表明:相对于传统的以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为添加剂的共混膜,使用CA作为添加剂,共混膜有机物溶出量大幅降低.随着CA含量的增加,共混膜孔隙率逐渐增大,亲水性增加.另外,随着凝胶浴中溶剂含量的增大,共混膜纯水通量不断降低,BSA截留率逐渐升高,膜形态结构变得更加致密.     

PVDF／PES／CA平板式共混超滤膜的研究

研究了致孔剂种类和用量对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）／聚醚砜（PES）／二醋酸纤维素（CA）共混平板膜结构和性能的影响，表征了共混超滤膜的水通量、截留率、孔隙率、收缩率和膜的断面形态等。结果表明，添加PES可以提高PVDF膜的尺寸稳定性，而添加1％CA可以提高PVDF／PES共混膜的亲水性，水通量显著增加。当PVDF／PES...     

PVDF/PES/CA平板式共混超滤膜的研究

研究了致孔剂种类和用量对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/聚醚砜(PES)/二醋酸纤维素(CA)共混平板膜结构和性能的影响,表征了共混超滤膜的水通量、截留率、孔隙率、收缩率和膜的断面形态等。结果表明,添加PES可以提高PVDF膜的尺寸稳定性,而添加1%CA可以提高PVDF/PES共混膜的亲水性,水通量显著增加。当PVDF/PES配比为9.5/0.5,致孔剂采用PEG20000、用量为60%时,其综合性能最优。     

凝固浴组分对双凝固浴法制备PVDF膜结构和性能的影响

在内外凝胶浴中添加不同含量的溶剂,采用双凝固浴法制备了PVDF/PVP/DMAc中空纤维膜.通过膜形貌扫描电镜( SEM)表征,纯水水通量和牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留率测试实验,分析评价了凝固浴中溶剂含量对PVDF中空纤维膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明,凝固浴中溶剂含量增大会导致皮层孔隙率增多,而对亚层结构的影响各不相同.膜的纯水渗透通量变化无明显规律性,但BSA截留率保持相对稳定.当内外凝固浴中溶剂体积分数分别为30％和70％时,膜内部大孔发育良好,亚层疏松多孔,水通量分别为270 L/(m2,h)和548 L/(m2·h),显示了良好的渗透性能.     

PVDF中空纤维抗污染膜的制备与表征

采用干—湿相转化法制备Fe(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ)/PVDF中空纤维抗污染膜,讨论了不同添加剂量的变化及不同的工艺参数对膜性能的影响.通过扫描电子显微镜、水通量测定仪、机械强度测定仪、接触角测定仪分别对膜的微观结构、水通量、抗污染性、机械强度、接触角进行联合表征,分析不同因素对膜性能的影响趋势.结果表明:随着PVDF粉加入量、无机掺杂物质的量、添加剂的量的增加,膜的纯水通量均呈降低趋势,但截留率、拉伸强度、亲水性、及抗污染性能均随变化而增大;随着膜制备的工艺参数——纺丝速度、凝固浴温度的增加,膜的纯水通量增大,而截留率呈下降趋势,膜的拉伸性能得到提高;随着膜制备的工艺参数——干程距离的增大,膜的纯水通量和截留率分别呈现出增大和减小的趋势,膜的孔隙率和拉伸强度及断裂伸长率先增大后减小.     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维医用膜的研制

利用非溶剂相转化法,制备不同聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)改性膜.研究PVDF与聚乙二醇(PEG)-400固含量对膜性能的影响,并将PVDF改性膜与市售血液透析膜F60S的性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,随着PVDF固含量的增加,膜分离孔径和纯水通量逐渐减小,BSA截留率和机械性能提高;随着PEG-400固含量的增加,膜分离孔径先减小后增大,BSA截留率先增加后减小,纯水通量逐渐提高,机械性能下降.PVDF/PEG膜分离孔径与纯水通量比F60S膜略低,BSA截留率、机械性能、血液相容性与F60S膜相比均具优势.     

季铵盐类高聚物含量对聚季铵盐/聚醚砜共混膜形态结构和性能的影响

通过聚季铵盐与聚醚砜共混制备一种抗菌膜,研究了聚季铵盐含量对聚季铵盐/聚醚砜共混膜的水通量、截留率、孔隙率、形态结构、力学性能和抗菌性能的影响.在聚季铵盐质量分数为1.5%时,共混膜的水通量和孔隙率取得极小值.随着聚季铵盐含量的增加,截留率整体呈增大趋势,共混膜的断裂强度和断裂伸长率则逐渐降低.抗菌性能测试显示,共混膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性大于聚醚砜膜,并且随聚季铵盐含量的增加而增强.     

PVDF/PS共混微孔膜的制备

将聚偏氟乙烯和聚砜共混,通过溶胶一凝胶相转化法研制高孔隙率微孔膜．考察了聚合物浓度、PVDF／PS配比、溶剂种类和组成、添加剂浓度、凝胶浴温度和组成、溶剂挥发时间和热处理温度对膜孔径和孔隙率的影响．实验发现：使用DMF／DMAc混合溶剂可提高膜孔径和孔隙率;随LiCl含量的增加,膜孔径和孔隙率逐步增加;凝胶浴温度对膜的水通量没有太大的影响,但凝胶浴组成对膜性能有很大的影响;延长溶刺挥发时间,导致平均孔径减小．选择适当的膜液组成,可制得孔径为0.2～1.0μm,孔隙率达到90％以上的PVDF／PS共混微孔膜,而且共混膜的孔隙率比单组分PVDF膜有大幅度的提高．说明共混化是一种改善PVDF膜性能的有效方法,具有极好的实用开发价值,     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮含量对聚偏氟乙烯/聚醚砜共混膜性能和结构的影响

采用二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K90)为致孔性添加荆,研究了PVP的浓度对聚偏氟乙烯/聚醚砜(PVDF/PES)共混膜的收缩率、纯水通量、牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留率和膜结构的影响.在PVP含量为5%时,共混膜的收缩率最低,水通量取得极大值,截留率有一极小值.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.