管材挤压工艺分析及实验研究

对管材挤压成形进行了工艺分析及实验研究。确定了镁合金、7075铝合金、高温合金等几种材料管材挤压成形工艺参数，分析了管材挤压成形时变形力的变化规律。研究结果表明，管材挤压成形时必须严格控制坯料温度、模具预热温度、润滑方式、挤压速度、挤压比等工艺技术参数。以上工艺参数对挤压力均有不同程度的影响。     

压头温度对挤压铸造7075半固态组织均匀性的影响

应用DEFORM-3D软件对7075铝合金半固态挤压铸造充型过程进行了模拟,研究了压头预热温度对7075铝合金杯形件充型过程的影响。在模拟的基础上,利用压力机及杯形试验模具,进行了半固态7075铝合金流变挤压铸造成形,分析了压头预热温度对7075铝合金杯形件半固态挤压铸造组织均匀性的影响。模拟和试验结果表明,压头预热温度越高,充型越平稳;在合金温度为628℃,成形比压为50 MPa,成形速度为3.5mm/s的条件下,随着压头预热温度的增加,杯形件的液相偏析度减小,组织更加均匀。当压头温度为400℃时,杯形件的液相偏析度最小,为14.02%。     

高温合金GH4169管材挤压工艺及组织分析

对高温合金GH4169管材挤压成形进行了工艺研究，确定了GHll40管材挤压成形工艺参数，分析了GH4169管材挤压力能参数变化规律，分析了管材挤压对组织性能的影响。研究结果发现，GH4169管材挤压成形时必须严格控制坯料温度、模具预热温度、润滑方式、挤压速度、挤压比等工艺参数。     

镁合金管材挤压工艺及组织性能研究

对镁合金管材挤压成形进行了工艺实验研究，确定了其成形工艺参数，分析了镁合金管材挤压成形时变形力的变化规律和组织性能变化。研究结果表明，镁合金管材挤压成形时必须严格控制坯料温度、模具预热温度、润滑剂、挤压速度、挤压比等工艺技术参数。以上工艺参数对挤压力均有不同程度的影响。     

套筒类7A04铝合金挤压成形金属流动规律研究

根据等温压缩实验得出7A04铝合金应力一应变数据，拟合出材料温成形应力一应变曲线。应用有限元法模拟7A04铝合金管材的挤压成形，着重探讨7A04铝合金挤压成形过程中，温度、速度等因素对金属流动的影响．为套筒类零件挤压成形工艺提供科学的依据。     

挤压温度对汽车差速器壳件性能的影响

采用6种不同的挤压温度进行了7075铝合金汽车差速器壳件的挤压成形,并测试和分析了室温下壳件试样的拉伸性能和冲击性能。结果表明:在模具预热温度390℃,挤压筒温度415℃和挤压速度0.3 m/min时,随挤压温度从280℃增大到400℃,试样的拉伸性能和冲击性能均先提高后下降。280℃挤压时壳件的拉伸性能和冲击性能均最差。与280℃挤压相比,385℃挤压时壳件的抗拉强度、屈服强度、冲击吸收功分别增大43、44 MPa、15 J,断后伸长率减小2.1%。7075铝合金汽车差速器壳件的挤压温度优选为385℃。     

镁合金管材挤压工艺及组织性能研究

对镁合金管材挤压成形进行了工艺实验研究,确定了其成形工艺参数,分析了镁合金管材挤压成形时变形力的变化规律和组织性能变化。研究结果表明,镁合金管材挤压成形时必须严格控制坯料温度、模具预热温度、润滑剂、挤压速度、挤压比等工艺技术参数。以上工艺参数对挤压力均有不同程度的影响。     

挤压温度对2A12铝合金T4状态管材力学性能的影响

研究了挤压温度对2A12铝合金T4状态厚壁管材力学性能的影响。结果表明，挤压温度越高，管材的强度越高。当挤压温度为370℃时，管材的抗拉强度为450MPa，屈服强度为330MPa；挤压温度为400℃时，抗拉强度达到540MPa，屈服强度达到400MPa。     

铝合金轮状零件流变挤压铸造成形研究

通过开发专用模具,对轮状铝合金铸件进行了流变挤压铸造成形研究。利用自主开发的3 000kN立式半固态挤压铸造机进行试验,对铸件的微观组织和力学性能进行了分析研究。结果表明,模具温度为200℃左右,浇注温度为630~636℃,在比压为80MPa时,流变挤压铸造成形7075铝合金铸件毛坯,其微观晶粒细小,无枝晶产生,T6热处理后,其综合力学性能达到使用要求,接近锻件的性能。     

基于人工神经网络的7075高强铝合金反向挤压工艺构建及优化控制策略

基于7075铝合金工业生产的反向等温挤压流程，通过有限元模拟和人工神经网络相互结合建立了数字工艺优化模型。首先，模拟了7075铝合金的反向挤压过程，模拟与试验的载荷误差不超过6.5%。随后对216组不同反向挤压工艺流程进行了数字建模，获得了挤压控制工艺、型材出口温度与成品性能的映射关系。将生成的反向等温挤压数据集用于构建反向传播神经网络。结果表明，该人工神经网络能精确预测反向挤压工艺参数与材料性能的关系，预测平均误差为0.83%,在此基础上建立了三维挤压成形极限图，为快速反向等温挤压质量控制提供了依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.