中,高温钛乳浊釉显微结构的研究

应用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＳＡＤ及ＥＤＳ等测试技术，系统地研究了ＴｉＯ２及烧成温度对Ｋ２Ｏ－Ｎａ２Ｏ－ＣａＯ－ＭｇＯ－ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系瓷釉显微结构的作用。结果表明，在１１４０－１２２０℃烧 ，瓷釉中都存在分相与析晶现象，液滴相富含Ｔｉ＾４＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋而基体玻璃相富含Ｓｉ＾４＋，析出的晶体主要为钛榍石。随烧成温度的提高，析出晶体的数量不断减少。另外，当ＴｉＯ２加入量增加时瓷釉的     

掺杂Cr2O3,MgO对C4A3形成及水化性能影响的研究

研究了掺杂Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，ＭｇＯ对Ｃ４Ａ３＾－Ｓ矿物形成及水化性能的影响。结果表明，在１３００℃保温１ｈ的煅烧条件下，掺加一定量的ＭｇＯ能促进Ｃ４Ａ３＾－Ｓ的形成，而Ｃｒ２Ｏ３则有稳定过渡产物ＣＡ的作用，从而减慢Ｃ４Ａ３＾－Ｓ的形成速率；在１３００℃保温３ｈ的煅烧条件下，掺中Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，ＭｇＯ均能使Ｃ４Ａ３＾－Ｓ的形成量增加。掺杂使Ｃ４Ａ３＾－Ｓ晶体主要以四方晶系的结构形式存在。在本实验条件下，掺杂可     

Cr3+:LiCaAlF6晶体提拉法生长的研究

在国内首次报道熔体提拉法生长Ｃｒ＾３＋：ＬｉＣａＡｌＦ６晶体的研究。晶体生长工艺中不用ＨＦ流动气氛的铂金炉膛。研究出质量较好的尺寸达Φ（２０－２５）ｍｍ×（９０－１２０）ｍｍ的晶体。测定晶体对８０９ｎｍ红外波段的吸收关系数μ为１０＾－２量级，晶体中无ＯＨ＾－，对于熔体的富Ｌｉ组成，ＣｒＦ３对氧化作用的敏感以若干晶体缺陷生长工艺的关系等方面进行了讨论。     

4,5—二氮杂芴—9—十六亚胺单分子膜诱导下五水合硫酸铜晶体的定…

研究了在４，５－二氮杂芴－９－十六亚胺（Ｌ）单分子膜诱导下五水合硫酸铜（ＣｕＳＯ４．５Ｈ２Ｏ）晶体的定向生长。在Ｌ单分子膜的存在下，经膜界面的诱导成核，可得到定向排列、十分规则的ＣｕＳＯ４．５Ｈ２Ｏ晶体，其外形与通常所得到的晶何不同。（０１０）晶面为其诱导面，在通常的水溶液中所得到晶体的主要晶面中，交无此特殊晶面。在这一定向生长过程中，膜和Ｃｕ＾２＋之间的作用，诸如离子作用，晶格匹配，立体化学识别     

用掺杂方法提高α—FeOOH表观密度

在用碱法制备α－ＦｅＯＯＨ，进而合成γ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３磁粉的过程中，经常加入Ｚｎ＾２＋离子以改善磁粉粒的针形，但因Ｚｎ＾２＋离子的电荷少于Ｆｅ＾３＋离子，因而能使α－ＦｅＯＯＨ晶体产生缺陷，最终影响磁粉的性能，本文通过在制备α－ＦｅＯＯＨ过程中掺入杂质Ｍｎ＾２＋的方法，探讨消除α－ＦｅＯＯＨ晶体缺陷，提高其表观密度，改善磁粉性能。     

硅酸铋晶体的结晶习性与形貌

从结晶化学角度出发，研究了熔体提拉法生长硅酸铋（ＢＳＯ）晶体的结构与形貌，提出晶体的生长基元为［ＢｉＯ６］ｎ＾９－和［Ｂｉ１２ＳｉＯ３６］ｎ＾３２－负离子配位多面体的论点。研究了晶体中各族晶面的显露程度与［ＳｉＯ４］ｎ＾４－四面体结晶方位的对应关系，晶体中的正极面与硅氧四面体面平等；四面体的顶角正在对负极面。     

氯化钾芒硝转化法制硫酸钾的放大试验

根据Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃｌ＾－∥ＳＯ４＾２－－Ｈ２Ｏ体系相图，在小试基础上，放大试验，用工业品氯化钾和工业品硫酸钠通过二步法制取硫酸钾。在实验室条件下，制取了符合ＺＢＧ２１００６－８９标准的一等品硫酸钾及符合ＧＢ５４６２－８５标准的二级品氯化钠。     

氯化钡在热法氯化镓生产中的防腐作用

本文介绍了热法氯化铵生产中，通过添加－定量的ＢａＣｌ２与蒸发液中的ＳＯ＾２－４反应，生成ＢａＳＯ４沉淀，沉淀晶体涂覆在奥氏体不锈钢金属体表面，形成致密垢层，阻止金属体的进一步腐蚀，实现了保护设备和清除蒸发液中ＳＯ＾２－４离子的双重愿望。     

合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的催化剂研究

综述了结晶硫酸铁、浓硫酸（在微辐照条件下进行）、ＳＯ４＾２－／ＴiＯ２－Ａ１２Ｏ －Ａ１２Ｏ３、ＴｉＳｉＷ１２Ｏ４０／ＴｉＯ２、Ｓｏ４＾２－／膨润土、磷钨杂多酸等主种不同催化剂催化合成对羟 基苯甲酸丁酯的实难结果。研究表明，ＳＯ４＾２－／ＴiＯ２－Ａ１２Ｏ３及ＴiＳiＷ１２Ｏ４０／ＴiＯ２是合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的理想催化剂 ，具有实际应用价值。     

Cu—S钢铁常温无毒化学发黑液

提出Ｃｕ＾２＋－Ｓ２Ｏ３＾２－－ＳＯ３＾２－无毒化学发黑液的配方及工艺条件，分析了溶液各组分对膜层形成的影响。试验结果表明，该工艺能耗低，成本少，发黑速度快，不污染环境，所获得的膜层色泽均匀，防腐性能好。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.