基于均匀混沌序列的多通道并行压缩采样

在随机解调压缩采样系统中,由于logistic混沌系统构造的解调序列存在不能较好的服从伯努利分布的问题,进而导致了对原始信号稀疏采样的效率较低。本文分析了满映射状态logistic混沌序列概率密度函数的特点,对logistic系统产生的序列进行非线性变换,使变换后的序列在区间上服从均匀分布。对均匀分布的序列进行判决后得到了满足伯努利分布的均匀混沌序列,并利用该序列构造出了改进的托普利兹矩阵。把改进的矩阵应用到了多通道并行压缩采样模型中并进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,均匀混沌序列构造的改进托普利兹矩阵具有更好的抗噪性能和更高的重构性能。     

基于小波分析的PPL过程尺度指数估计

长记忆随机过程是一类重要的随机过程,可以将其建摸为完全幂规律（PPL）过程。鉴于PPL过程的尺度指数5能完全刻画其二阶统计特性,从而使得5的估计成为完成数学模型的关键。考虑到小波滤波器的近似带通特性以及平稳小波变换的性质,文章提出了一种基于小波分析的平稳FD过程分形指数估计的新方法。首先对过程进行平稳小波变换以获得各个尺度下的子过程,随后给出这些子过程方差的无偏估计,最后建立方差与尺度的函数关系,并在对数意义下对方差和尺度作线性回归,从而完成估计。计算机仿真表明该方法具有较高精度。     

使用M进制小波对尺度与旋转不变的图像特征点进行检测

基于小波变换和尺度空间理论,提出了一种尺度与旋转不变的图像特征点的检测方法。首先对图像进行多尺度的M进制小波变换,然后根据M进制小波变换系数的能量构造对应的二阶矩阵,最后通过考察该矩阵的特征值确定图像的特征点。实验表明,与目前最常用的方法相比,本文方法对图像的旋转变化与尺度变化均具有更好的不变性,在光照变化和噪声干扰等外部条件影响下也能保持较高的鲁棒性。     

正交多小波的一种构造方法

给出一种由正交多尺度函数构造其相应正交多小波的新方法，该方法具有计算简单且不受多小波重数限制的特点，不用求解关于多元未知矩阵的非线性方程组或进行相应的多项式矩阵的因子分解。与已有的通过选取参数来确定多小波系统的方法相比，因为他由尺度序列直接确定小波序列，不必考虑改变参数时这两个序列之间相关的变化，所以更便于灵活地设计出具有各种所需特性的多小波系统。用该方法重新导出了GHM多小波。     

基于PR-QMF的扩频序列

利用小波或者小波包的变换与反变换可以构造出具有完全重构性质的滤波器组,提出一种基于完全重构正交镜像滤波器组的新型扩频序列,它不同于传统的扩频序列的二值特性,是一种多值序列。分析与仿真结果表明,小波函数与尺度函数的正交性以及滤波器组的完全重构特性使的这种新型扩频序列具有更好的抗干扰能力和组网能力。     

基于m-序列的二元零相关区序列构造新方法

基于伪随机序列,提出一种二元零相关区序列构造方法。该方法利用伪随机序列的游程特性,通过在伪随机序列的适当位置进行插值,使生成的序列具有一定长度的零相关区。为了提高序列的丰富性,提出两种扩展方法:一种基于交织技术,通过构造移位序列,使交织序列的周期增大而零相关区不变;另一种方法将零相关区序列与Hadamard矩阵的行向量按位相乘,该方法能够增加零相关区序列数量的同时不改变序列的周期。数值仿真证明了所提方法的有效性。     

用小波变换快速求解三维电磁散射问题

在三维电磁散射问题中,用小波变换对由Ｒａｏ面片生成的阻抗矩阵进行稀疏化和求逆,比较了两种小波变换对阻抗矩阵的稀疏效果,由此指出了三维散射问题与二维散射问题中小波变换选取有所不同。通过分析和算例,表明小波变换可以有效减少阻抗矩阵的求逆时间,这对于计算电大尺寸散射体的ＲＣＳ是很有益的。     

基于小波的汇率波动序列长记忆性研究

提出了基于小波方差的时间序列长记忆性分析方法，用该方法对汇率波动序列进行了分析，得到了长记忆参数的精确值。引入了关联尺度函数，对各汇率波动序列长记忆效应的大小程度进行了验证。结果表明各汇率波动序列存在长记忆效应，并且长记忆参数d值越大，汇率波动序列所受历史信息的影响就越强。     

基于时间—顶点谱图小波变换的动态纹理分类方法

动态纹理在空间和时间上表现出“外观”和“运动”属性,为了有效结合这两种属性进行动态纹理分析,本文提出一种基于时间—顶点谱图小波变换与边缘分布协方差模型的动态纹理分类方法。该方法将动态纹理看成时间—顶点图信号,利用时间—顶点谱图Meyer小波变换对动态纹理进行多尺度分解,再对每个子带应用边缘分布协方差模型,由此得到带内相关性的特征协方差矩阵作为动态纹理特征进行分类。由于时间—顶点图信号的表示可以有效描述动态纹理像素间的空间关系及其沿时间的变化,同时谱图小波变换继承了图表示和小波变换的优势,因此利用时间—顶点谱图小波分解与边缘分布协方差模型,可得到有效的动态纹理特征。在标准动态纹理数据集上的分类实验结果表明,本文方法具有良好的分类性能。      

对称延拓小波变换矩阵用于FRIT去噪

给出了对称延拓方式下有限长信号不需逐级计算而直接得到小波系数的分解矩阵和由这些小波系数重构原信号的重构矩阵的构造方法,并给出了常用的相应于9/7小波的分解矩阵和重构矩阵及其基向量,它们可广泛用于基于小波的图像分块处理中.作为一种应用实例,将构造的小波变换矩阵用于FRIT图像去噪,不仅计算大大简化,而且相对于周期延拓的小波变换而言边界效应明显减少.     

Adaptive TCX Windowing Technology for Unified Structure MPEG‐D USAC

The MPEG‐D unified speech and audio coding (USAC) standardization process was initiated by MPEG to develop an audio codec that is able to provide consistent quality for mixed speech and music contents. The current USAC reference model structure consists of frequency domain (FD) and linear prediction domain (LPD) core modules and is controlled using a signal classifier tool. In this letter, we propose an LPD single‐mode USAC structure using an adaptive widowing‐based transform‐coded excitation module. We tested our system using official test items for all mono‐evaluation modes. The results of the experiment show that the objective and subjective performances of the proposed single‐mode USAC system are better than those of the FD/LPD dual‐mode USAC system.     

Frequency-dependent FDTD methods using Z transforms

The frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain method (FD) ²TD method has been shown to be capable of correctly calculating electromagnetic propagation through media whose dielectric properties are frequency dependent. However, as researchers search for more elaborate applications, the formulation of the (FD)²TD methods becomes more complex. In this work, the mathematics of the (FD) ²TD method is developed using Z transform theory. This has the advantages of presenting a clearer formulation, and allowing researchers to draw on the literature of systems analysis and signal processing disciplines     

介质色散特性的ⅡR数字滤波器模拟及其在FDTD上的应用

在用时域有限差分法（FDTD）分析色散媒质电磁问题过程中,采用无限冲激响应滤波器模拟媒质的色散特性,讨论了包括冲激响应不变法和双线性变换法等滤波器设计方法在这一新领域中的应用。改进的FDTD法利用成熟的数字信号处理技术分析处理了色散媒质瞬变电磁场问题,为数字信号处理技术在时域电磁场分析领域的应用提供了新的思路。为验证此方法的有效性和可靠性,分别用滤波器系统模拟了不同色散媒质。并在此基础上用FDTD对色散媒质电磁问题进行了分析计算,同时验证了结果。     

SEMI E133—The Process Control System Standard: Deriving a Software Interoperability Standard for Advanced Process Control in Semiconductor Manufacturing

The process control systems (PCS) SEMI Standard E133 facilitates the integration of PCS into current and future fabs. The standard focuses on defining the portion of ldquointerface Brdquo associated with communication with and between components of PCSs. Specifically, the scope of the standard is the functional groups of run-to-run (R2R) control, fault detection (FD), fault classification (FC), fault prediction (FP), and statistical process control (SPC). The standard specifies PCS interfaces (which utilize ldquointerface Brdquo) that will enable these functional groups to interact effectively and share data among themselves and with the other interdependent factory systems, including systems within the process equipment. Key requirements driving the standard specification include the move to service-oriented and event-driven architectures and a need to define PCS capabilities from an input/output (I/O) perspective along functional boundaries defined by commercial applications. The developed standard addresses these requirements and specifies: 1) the capabilities of all five functional groups; 2) a comprehensive I/O interface data model; 3) an XML representation of that data model (E133.1); 4) a set of common services and behavior classes; 5) extensions of the I/O structure and behavior for each functional group; and 6) an application note that provides an example of PCS integration with equipment data acquisition (EDA) data collection. XML, R2R control, and FD implementation examples illustrate that the standard addresses these requirements, with the FD example further illustrating compatibility with EDA ldquointerface Ardquo standards. The standard to date has mature R2R control and FD specifications with key PCS users and providers indicating that they are using the standard extensively.     

电离层时域散射与逆散射的数值

采用具有四阶精度的时域有限差分法计算了电离层对时域脉冲的散射,然后应用小波变换求出了反射信号的时频分布.这一时频分布就相当于电离层的频高图.最后利用POLAN程序重建了等离子体剖面,重建剖面非常接近原始剖面.     

A Fractionally Delaying Complex Hilbert Transform Filter

In this paper, we present a novel complex discrete-time filter. This is a fractionally delaying (FD) Hilbert transform filter (HTF) further called the FD HTF. The filter is based on a pair of rotated variable fractional delay (VFD) filters. It is capable of performing the Hilbertian as well as VFD filtering of the incoming discrete-time signal at the same time. Thus, one can substitute a cascade of the HTF and the VFD filters with an aggregated filter proposed here. The technique is simple to implement. The advantages lie in lower total delay introduced by the compound filter and in a modular structure. The rotated VFD filters in the pair differ only in the value of one parameter - the VFD. The proposed FD HTF can be applied to adaptive quadrature sub-sample estimation of delay.     

A Dual-Capture Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor Using Floating-Diffusion Capacitor

A dual-capture wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor using an in-pixel floating-diffusion (FD) storage capacitor is proposed. The proposed structure uses the FD as a storage capacitor. The potential of the FD node is read out using a floating-gate capacitor without a contact metallization of the FD node to reduce the leakage. The proposed sensor was fabricated using a 0.35-mum CMOS process. The chip includes 320 times 240 pixels whose pitch is 5.6 mum and whose fill factor is 36%. The measurement results show 100-dB dynamic range, and the leakage at the non-metalized FD is reduced to about one-third of that of the conventional FD with the contact metallization.     

Multiple Time-Domain Diffraction for UWB Signals

The time-domain (TD) solution of the two-dimensional multiple-diffraction case is investigated. The proposed TD solution is based on the representation of the inverse Fourier transform of the corresponding frequency-domain (FD) solution in closed form, as it is given by the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD), and it incorporates the TD representation of the higher-order diffraction coefficients. An algorithm to predict the TD diffracted field after an arbitrary number of objects is also presented. In the proposed algorithm, different types of objects along the propagation path can be applied as well, such as absorbing knife-edges and metallic or nonperfectly conducting wedges. The comparison between the TD solution and the numerical inverse fast Fourier transform of the FD solution proves the validity of the proposed solution.     

Asymptotic decorrelation of between-Scale Wavelet coefficients

In recent years there has been much interest in the analysis of time series using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based upon a Daubechies wavelet filter. Part of this interest has been sparked by the fact that the DWT approximately decorrelates certain stochastic processes, including stationary fractionally differenced (FD) processes with long memory characteristics and certain nonstationary processes such as fractional Brownian motion. It is shown that, as the width of the wavelet filter used to form the DWT increases, the covariance between wavelet coefficients associated with different scales decreases to zero for a wide class of stochastic processes. These processes are Gaussian with a spectral density function (SDF) that is the product of the SDF for a (not necessarily stationary) FD process multiplied by any bounded function that can serve as an SDF on its own. We demonstrate that this asymptotic theory provides a reasonable approximation to the between-scale covariance properties of wavelet coefficients based upon filter widths in common use. Our main result is one important piece of an overall strategy for establishing asymptotic results for certain wavelet-based statistics.     

复杂背景下多源多目标图像的分形分割算法

综合利用红外图像灰度特征与可见光图像灰度以及分维数方差特征，提出了一种复杂背景下多目标分割算法。首先通过最大熵阈值分割出红外图像的潜在目标区域，记录其质心位置及形状大小并对应到可见光图像中。再提取可见光图像的分形维数，利用其方差特征增强目标奇异性，排除背景奇异区域干扰，并对记录的目标区域进行初判决，得到真实目标质心处的分维数方差。然后将分维数图划分为与已知目标大小接近的区域块，搜索并标记具有相近分维数方差的所有区域块。最后在所标记及其相邻的区域块中精确分割出全部目标。对大量实际图片进行的仿真实验证明，该分割算法可以有效地进行多目标分割，并较好地保留目标形状特征。