1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢微晶的耐局部腐蚀性能研究

利用磁控离子溅射技术得到bcc结构的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢微晶溅射层,在不同溅射条件下可以得到(110)和(211)两种择优取向的微晶。用电化学方法研究表明,这两种微晶的耐局部腐蚀性能都较正常晶粒有明显提高,且(110)择优取向微晶的耐局部腐蚀性能较(211)择优取向微晶的耐局部腐蚀性能更好。     

镀锡板基板结晶取向与合金层形貌及ATC值的关系

在分析了国内外镀锡板合金层的形貌、结构以及基板的结晶取向后发现,镀锡基板的结晶取向强烈地影响着镀锡并软熔后所得到的锡铁合金层的形貌以及耐蚀性。基板中铁晶面的结晶取向在其后形成的锡铁合金层中得到了一定程度上的延续,铁的(110)晶面择优性越强,所得到的合金层的柱状结晶相应的越粗,同时合金层的耐蚀性越好。而(200)和(211)面的择优性越强,所得到的合金层的耐蚀性越差。实验结果表明,要提高镀锡板的耐蚀性就必须控制镀锡基板的表面质量,特别是有必要调整基板中铁晶面的择优取向。     

粉末冶金W/Re合金靶材的显微结构及磁控溅射沉积性能

为了研制高品质W/Re合金靶材,采用机械混料、压制成形和真空烧结致密化工艺路线制备了纯钨及铼含量分别为1%、5%、10%(质量分数)的钨/铼(W/Re)合金,测试了W/Re合金的致密度、晶粒度及晶粒取向、磁控溅射沉积等性能。研究表明,W/Re合金致密度及纯度均随Re含量增加而逐渐提高,而晶粒逐渐细化。W/10%Re合金靶材晶粒尺寸主要介于10~40μm之间,W/Re合金晶粒随机分布,并未出现明显的择优取向,且其中小角度晶界(<10o)达85%以上,非常适用于磁控溅射镀膜。随着磁控溅射沉积压力的提高,W/Re合金薄膜的晶粒尺寸逐渐细化,镀膜表面平整程度逐渐提高,薄膜的厚度呈逐渐增加的趋势。镀膜在40.5o、58.6o、73.5o附近出现分别属(110)、(200)和(211)晶面的衍射峰,且随着沉积压力的升高,(110)晶面衍射峰逐渐减弱,而(200)晶面衍射峰则稍有增强。纯W靶材由于致密度及纯度偏低,而且晶粒较粗大,无法磁控溅射出完整理想的薄膜。     

STRUCTURE OF SPUTTERED Co-Cr-Al-Y COATING

The phase composition of Co-30Cr-6Al-0.5Y coating deposited by planar magnetronsputtering as well as the effect of sputtering parameters on it have been investigated.Thesputtered coating is composed of hep ε-phase of fcc α-phase of Co solid solution with a mi-nority of β-CoAl intermetallic phase.The hcp ε-Co phase and the fcc χ-Co phase assumed a<100>and <110>preferred orientation respectively.Both the phase type and orientationextent depend on the sputtering parameters.If the substrate surface is parallel to the targetface during sputtering,the coating will be of fine crystallite with compact structure andsmooth surface;if it is rotated,the coating will be to the contrary.     

热障涂层在热腐蚀条件下的破坏过程

研究了K3合金上NiCrAlY-ZrO_2·8％Y_2O_3涂层在热腐蚀条件下的破坏行为。熔盐沿陶瓷层晶界向内渗透导致底层的腐蚀,以及Y_2O_3的酸性溶解导致ZrO_2由C相向M相的转变是热障涂层热腐蚀破坏的主要原因。某些工艺因素导致涂层破坏或不稳定会造成涂层过早地灾难性破坏。     

Electrochemical deposition of nanocrystalline zinc on steel substrate from acid zincate bath

Nanocrystalline zinc coatings were deposited from acid zincate bath containing newly synthesized condensation product. The effect of bath constituents, pH, temperature and current density on the deposit nature were investigated through Hull cell experiments. Current efficiency, throwing power, cathodic polarization and corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt.% NaCl were studied under optimum concentration of additives. Salt spray test and electrochemical measurements showed that nanocrystalline zinc coatings have better corrosion resistance than the zinc coatings deposited from a simple acid zincate bath without additive. The surface morphology and thickness (cross section) of the zinc deposits were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preferred orientation and average grain size of the zinc electrodeposit were obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis. The particle size was also characterized by TEM analysis. Energy X-ray diffraction (EDX) and FT-IR spectral analysis were carried out to determine the inclusion of addition agent in the deposit. The experimental results indicated that the addition of condensation product of thiamine hydrochloride (THC) and furfural (FFL) leads to a more uniform nanocrystalline deposition with the grain sizes varying from 20-22 nm.     

The Effect of Texture on the Corrosion Behavior of AZ31?Mg Alloy

Magnesium (Mg) grains show anisotropic corrosion behavior, which implies that the single-phase, hot-rolled Mg alloy AZ31 sheet, if highly textured, will have different corrosion performance depending on its crystallographic orientation of the grains. Its rolling surface, dominated by (0001) basal crystallographic planes, is more corrosion resistant than its cross-section surface, which is mainly composed of $ \{ 10\overline{1} 0\} $ and $ \{ 11\overline{2} 0\} $ prismatic crystallographic planes. Furthermore, grain refinement by hot rolling is beneficial to the overall corrosion resistance of AZ31 because of the dissolution of AlMn(Fe) intermetallic precipitates in the alloy. Surface compressive deformation machining can lead to refined grains and an expected preferred grain orientation, thus improving the corrosion resistance of AZ31 alloy.     

电沉积Zn-Al复合镀层的耐蚀性能

采用腐蚀浸泡、电化学极化曲线、交流阻抗以及X射线衍射等方法,对电沉积Zn和Zn-Al复合镀层的耐蚀性能进行了比较研究。结果表明:Zn-Al复合镀层在5%NaCl溶液和10%HCl溶液中比Zn镀层具有更好的耐蚀性能;电化学极化和交流阻抗测试表明Zn-Al复合镀层的腐蚀电流密度减小,极化电阻和交流阻抗增大,腐蚀速率小于Zn镀层;Zn-Al复合镀层呈现(002)晶面高程度择优,是使其耐蚀性提高的主要原因。     

INFLUENCE OF PHASE COMPOSITION ON PITTING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF SPUTTERED COATING OF 1Cr18Ni9Ti STAINLESS STEEL

A series of single bcc,bcc plus fcc duplex and single fcc microcrystalline coatings of1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were prepared by using sputtering technique.The resistanceagainst pitting corrosion was studied by measurements of pitting corrosion potentials andelectrochemical noise during initiation of corrosion pits.The results show that the sputteredcoatings with single bcc phase or single fcc structure are more resistant to pitting corrosionthan those with bcc plus fcc duplex phase structure.     

2024/7075异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的晶体取向演化

使用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）对比研究了2024/7075异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）接头及母材的组织特征、晶界特征和织构的演化.结果表明,后退侧热力影响区晶粒的小角度晶界含量较母材明显增大而前进侧热力影响区晶粒的小角度晶界含量与母材相比没有明显变化,焊核区发生了动态再结晶,大角度晶界含量明显增加.后退侧2024铝合金为弱取向组织,前进侧7075铝合金母材、热影响区以及热机影响区具有较强的S织构{123}<634>、黄铜织构{011}<211>和R织构{124}<211>,焊核区为等轴再结晶晶粒,没有明显的择优取向.     

Microstructure and magnetron sputtering properties of tungsten target fabricated by low pressure plasma spraying

Planar and rotary tungsten targets were fabricated by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS). Relative density, oxygen content by mass, microstructure, micro-hardness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of LPPS tungsten targets were all influenced by vacuum pressure. Compared with 1.3 × 10⁴ Pa and 6.5 × 10⁴ Pa, a vacuum pressure of 3.9 × 10⁴ Pa was optimal for preparing high-quality tungsten targets. Oxygen content by mass, porosity, average grain size, micro-hardness and UTS of LPPS target fabricated under 3.9 × 10⁴ Pa were about 0.18%, 2.8%, 0.9 μm, 377.8HV_0.025 and 201.1 MPa, respectively. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) from the LPPS sample (fabricated under 3.9 × 10⁴ Pa) showed that proportions of 〈001〉, 〈011〉 and 〈111〉 oriented grains were 10.6%, 21.0% and 12.3% of the total, respectively. The tungsten target possessed excellent magnetron sputtering performance since most tungsten grains with a size <1.0 μm were irregularly distributed without preferred orientation. Rapid sputtering and uniform thinning on the surface of LPPS tungsten targets took place with nano-scaled sputtering pits being formed during magnetron sputtering. Smooth and continuous tungsten thin films with thickness about 320 nm can be deposited by magnetron sputtering from the LPPS samples. XRD spectra of tungsten thin films with body centered cubic structure showed that the intensity of the (110) diffraction peak was much higher than those of the (200), (211) and (220) peaks.     

工艺参数对AZ31镁合金磷化膜耐蚀性能及表面形貌的影响

以磷酸二氢锰和无氟添加剂为主要成分,通过化学沉积的方法在AZ31镁合金表面获得了均匀且无氟、无镍和无铬的磷化膜。采用硫酸铜点蚀测试、扫描电镜及电化学极化曲线表征手段,详细地研究了成膜温度、游离酸及酸比工艺对AZ31镁合金磷化膜耐蚀性能及表面形貌的影响。结果表明：在成膜温度95℃,游离酸FA 4-5, 酸比TA/FA 15~20的条件下,可获得晶粒<20 μm的致密磷化膜,耐CuSO₄点蚀时间>5 min。磷化AZ31镁合金的自腐蚀电位比未处理基体正移110 mV,自腐蚀电流密度降低3个数量级。成膜温度<75℃时,不能得到完整的磷化膜;成膜温度≥75℃时,随着成膜温度的升高,磷化膜颗粒得到细化,膜层更加致密,进而有效地抑制AZ31镁合金的阳极溶解和阴极析氢,提高了耐蚀性能。但升高成膜温度,加速磷酸盐的水解,容易产生大量的磷化渣,而游离酸的控制,能够有效减少磷化渣的产生,降低生产成本,提高膜层质量。     

ECAP对SLM纯钛组织及其耐腐蚀性能的影响

为了提高纯钛在林格氏模拟体液和模拟口腔唾液环境中的耐腐蚀性能,采用等通道转角挤压（ECAP）技术对激光选区熔化（SLM）技术制备的商业纯钛进行改性处理。通过透射电子显微镜和电子背向散射衍射技术对SLM纯钛和SLM+ECAP纯钛进行组织检测,并在三电极体系下进行耐腐蚀性能的测试。结果表明：SLM+ECAP纯钛比SLM纯钛试样的晶粒尺寸小,晶界多,位错密度增大,极图的择优取向不太明显,但极密度有所增加。在林格氏模拟体液和模拟口腔唾液环境中,SLM+ECAP纯钛比SLM纯钛的自腐蚀电流密度小,极化电阻大,阻抗半径大。采用ZSimpWin软件对交流阻抗谱进行等效电路拟合,拟合结果和实验测量数据较为吻合。SLM+ECAP纯钛的耐腐蚀性能比SLM纯钛好。     

TMA对熔融盐中铝镀层结构及耐蚀性的影响

在摩尔比为0.66:0.17:0.17的AlCl3-NaCl-KCl共融盐中添加表面活化剂四甲基氯化铵(TMA),接通直流电在铁片上获得了Al镀层.用扫描电子显微分析、X射线衍射分析和极化曲线等技术测试镀层的表面形貌、相结构及耐腐蚀性能,并用循环伏安法研究添加TMA对Al电沉积机理的影响.研究表明,添加1.0 mass%TMA时,电镀电流效率高达93.6%;纯氯化物熔盐中所得Al晶粒呈针状,为(200)面高择优取向的面心立方结构,添加TMA后获得的Al晶粒细化且形状不规则,呈无序晶面取向.添加TMA后,Al镀层的点腐蚀电位提高了0.12 V,同时增加了电沉积反应的不可逆程度,利于Al在熔融盐中的电镀.     

硫脲对 304 不锈钢镀镍层抗腐蚀性能的影响

目的研究硫脲对电镀镍层形貌、晶型、晶粒尺寸以及抗腐蚀性能的影响。方法在添加和不添加硫脲两种条件下,对304不锈钢进行电镀镍。通过XRD和SEM对比镀层的晶相结构、晶粒尺寸和微观形貌,通过Tafel曲线和EIS电化学阻抗谱对比分析样品的抗腐蚀性能。结果添加硫脲前后,镍镀层的择优生长方向从200晶面转变为111晶面,晶粒平均尺寸从60.2 nm减小为20.7 nm。由于硫脲吸附在金属表面,阻滞了溶液中金属离子放电,从而提高了阴极极化作用;同时,硫脲分子吸附在晶体生长的活性点上,有效抑制了晶体生长;因此,镍晶粒得到细化。关于腐蚀性能,镀镍304不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能最好,其次是304不锈钢基体,最差的是含硫镀镍304不锈钢。结论硫脲能够改变镍镀层晶体的择优取向,并且细化晶粒。硫脲影响电镀镍层抗腐蚀性能的机理是:阴极吸附的硫脲通过电化学还原产生H2S,进一步与Ni2+反应生成Ni S,Ni S再与富集的Ni反应生成Ni3S2。随着电镀的进行,Ni3S2被更多地沉积在镍镀层的表面,降低了镍层表面钝化膜的致密性;而且,Ni3S2与镍层存在电势差,故易发生原电池腐蚀。此外,晶粒细化导致晶界和晶面的缺陷增加,也使得腐蚀加速。故镀液中加入硫脲,镀层的耐腐蚀性能大大降低。     

单相和双相不锈钢纳米涂层的电化学腐蚀行为

用磁控溅射技术在玻璃基体上制备由两种相组成(单相和双相)的不锈钢纳米涂层,利用动电位极化､交流阻抗技术及扫描电子显微镜研究两种不锈钢纳米涂层在0.25 mol/L Na2SO4 + 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 和 0.5 mol/L NaCl + 0.05 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为,观察相组成对纳米不锈钢涂层耐蚀性能的影响｡结果表明,与不锈钢单相涂层相比,不锈钢双相纳米涂层具有较差的抗局部腐蚀能力,其钝化膜的载流子密度远远大于不锈钢单相钝化膜的载流子密度,使得钝化膜的离子传输能力大大增强,从而降低了钝化膜的稳定性｡     

Fabrication of Cr coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy by magnetron sputtering

Chromium-plating is considered an effective method to improve surface properties of metal materials.Magnetron sputtering was applied to prepare Cr coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy and the influence of bias voltage on properties of Cr coating was investigated.The obtained coatings present an(110) preferred texture and have a developed columnar structure.With increasing bias voltage,the surface structure of Cr coating becomes denser.All of the Cr-coated AZ31 have much higher surface microhardness than bare ...     

Orientation dependence of the electrochemical corrosion properties of electrodeposited Cu foils

In this study, the electrochemical corrosion properties of electrodeposited Cu foils in a CuCl₂-containing acidic etching solution were investigated. The main passive product was CuCl and a trace amount of Cu₂O can also be detected. The (2 2 0)-oriented Cu foils exhibited higher corrosion potential and lower corrosion current density than those with (1 1 1) or (2 0 0) texture, suggesting a superior corrosion resistance against the etching solution. It is proposed that the preferred orientation and thus the differences in atomic stacking density on specific planes dominated the corrosion properties of the electrodeposited Cu foils instead of grain size or surface roughness.     

镁合金表面纳米TiSiN复合薄膜的制备及其结构和耐蚀耐磨性能分析

为提高镁合金耐蚀和耐磨性,扩大其在航空领域的应用,采用反应磁控溅射法,分别在AZ31和Mg8Li两种镁合金基体上制备了复合TiSiN薄膜. 采用X射线荧光光谱、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和X射线小角掠入射分别对薄膜表面元素分布、形貌、膜层结构和晶粒尺寸进行了分析. 采用电化学工作站和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机分别对薄膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为和在空气中的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究. 结果表明,薄膜中Ti和Si元素比例与靶材相近,元素在整个膜层表面呈高低交替的环形分布,Mg8Li基体上薄膜的分布较为均匀;薄膜主要由TiN和Ti₂N两相组成,AZ31表面薄膜的晶粒尺寸和粗糙度均小于Mg8Li表面的薄膜;两种基体镀膜后的腐蚀电流密度降低了三个数量级,摩擦系数低于0.4,磨损率在10?6 m3/Nm数量级.     

不同晶粒尺寸5083铝合金晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂的差异性

通过冷轧和退火获得具有不同晶粒尺寸(8.7～79.2μm)的5083铝合金板.研究其微观结构、晶间腐蚀(IGC)、应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)和裂纹扩展行为.结果表明,粗晶粒样品表现出更好的抗IGC性能,其腐蚀深度为15μm.慢应变速率测试结果表明,细晶粒样品表现出更好的抗SCC性能,敏感性指数ISSRT为11.2％.此外,...