明式椅的造型艺术研究

目的探究明式椅的造型艺术及其对现代家具设计的启示。方法从明式家具的基本形态入手,探讨明式椅独特又鲜明的造型,并配合实例展开论证,最后总结明式椅的造型设计对现代家具设计的启示。结论明式椅造型设计中体现的精神与文化对现代家具设计有着深刻启示,不仅要积极借鉴其中的传统文化,而且要借鉴其对传统的独特理解方式,在继承与创新中发展现代家具设计。     

从汉斯·瓦格纳的 “中国椅” 看明式家具的创新设计

目的研究汉斯·瓦格纳的"中国椅"对明式家具的创新设计启示。方法分析明式家具的设计特点及不足之处,结合汉斯·瓦格纳设计的多款"中国椅",论述了他如何从明式家具中吸取精华部分并进行保留和弘扬,对不足之处进行改良与创新。结论通过对汉斯·瓦格纳的"中国椅"的设计分析,提出了汉斯·瓦格纳的"中国椅"对明式家具的继承与发展具有反启迪作用,明式家具应在造型、结构、材质、工艺方面展开创新设计,以促进明式家具在时代变迁中不断发展。     

明式椅类家具造型意象探究

目的以明式椅类家具作为研究对象,提出以一种新的方法来获得对明式椅类家具造型的客观评价。方法运用眼动实验和语意差分法相结合,对明式椅类家具的造型进行研究。结果得出在明式椅类家具4个样本的5个角度中,受关注度最高的为"前视图"和"前侧视图",明式椅类家具会给人带来强烈的"传统、高雅、简约、自然"的感觉。结论眼动实验和语意差分法不但弥补了传统主观性评价方法的不足,而且丰富了传统感性评价方法。     

明式椅类家具的语构学阐释

明式椅类家具作为完善的符号系统,其各种组成成分,如榫卯、腿足、靠背、枨、椅盘、装饰纹样等都可看作是这个符号系统的组成要素,即符号。本文应用语构学理论,对明式椅类家具进行了较为全面的阐释,从一个新的视角重新审视了明式椅类家具,对明式椅类家具文化内涵的中西交流起到了一定的推动作用,也为研究明式家具开辟了一条崭新的途径和方法。     

明式椅类家具的人体工程学研究

目的通过对明式椅类家具的人体工程学进行分析,明确优缺点,从而拓展现代家具设计。方法以人体工程学研究方法为基础,从人的心理、生理对明式椅类家具进行分析。结论明式椅类家具的功能中有着一定的精神与文化因素,造就了其设计原则,即尊严第一,舒适第二。当尊严与舒适发生矛盾时,舒适一定要让位于尊严。拓展设计时,结合明式椅类家具的人体工程学优缺点,其伦理功能应进行有目的的取舍,以便更好地适应现代人的生活方式。     

基于扎根理论的明式家具造型组合规律提取

目的 推动当代中式家具在造型设计上对传统家具文化的继承与创新,促进传统家具与现代家具的融合发展。方法 运用了文献综述、扎根理论和统计学相结合的研究方法,收集大量与明式家具相关的绘画、书籍和期刊等资料信息,对其进行分类整理,再运用扎根理论三级编码的研究方法提取明式家具造型特征,最后运用统计分析方法提炼出明式桌案类家具的造型组合规律。结论 获取了包括腿部造型、足部造型、牙子造型、枨子造型、束腰造型和其他类造型共6大类明式家具造型元素,并提取到29组经典明式桌案类家具造型元素组合方式,以此倡议当代中式家具设计在借鉴明式家具的造型元素时,应遵循明式家具造型组合的规律,在保留经典特色的基础上推陈出新。     

明式风格在现代家具设计中的应用研究

目的探究明式风格在现代家具设计中的应用。方法从现代家具设计的不足谈起,分析明式家具的雅致含蓄、不落俗套、天人合一,三大风格特征及其对现代家具设计的理论支持,最后以现代橱柜设计为例,从造型、材料两方面对明式风格的借鉴进行详细论述。结论明式家具典型的风格特征是现代家居设计的灵感源泉。在进行现代家居设计时,设计师要对明式传统家具造型及其整体的风格特征进行提炼,汲取明式家具的精华,使其与现代家具工业化大批量生产的特点完美融合,如此才能创造出既有中国特色,又能面向世界的现代家具产品。     

明式家具的“形缘”构成之美

现代构成方法是一种重要的造型手段,明式家具是中国古代优良设计的典型代表;明式家具的构成理论剖析,为家具研究提供一种新的思路,有利于现代家具产业的设计创新。借用现代三大构成方法,从造型与形式角度剖析明式家具赖以生成的材料、结构、工艺和技术等要素,探讨其"形缘"审美规律。透过明式家具的材质、结构、形态及装饰所折射出来的"形缘"个性,可以明察其特有的平构之韵、色构之彩、立构之法和构成之理。     

中国传统明式家具的现代转译探索与研究

目的 通过对传统明式家具的研究与实践,探索其现代转译的路径通道,挖掘其在当下生活环境中做何种现代化演变,开拓传统明式家具现代转译背景下的现代明式家具设计的新思路。方法 对明式家具的现代转译进行剖析,分别从式样造型与功能、结构与使用方式、材料与工艺、色彩与应用场景、装饰图案与审美、哲学思想与设计理念等多维度,进行对比论证、归纳与总结,并通过现代明式家具设计实践进行设计路径的方法总结。结论 研究结果有助于为后期新中式家具的设计路径与设计方法研究起到良好的铺垫作用,为今后的家具设计课程提供实践方向与理论基础。     

明式家具设计中的造物思想研究

目的中国古代的造物艺术思想既包括造物过程中生产者的设计思想,还包括使用者的处世哲学,它蕴含着人造物被制造出来之后所传递的人文思想和文化内涵。本文从明式家具的设计为切入点,分析其中所包含的造物思想与文化内涵。为深层次理解明式家具,传承与发展古代造物思想提供一定的理论依据。以中国明式家具的造物艺术思想作为考察对象,目的在于通过考察存在于传统工艺美术品类中的造物思想,来揭示造物艺术的文化内涵。方法首先对文人参与的明式家具设计进行概述,接着从选材、造型、结构和尺度等方面分析明式家具设计的造物思想,然后归纳、剖析传统家具设计中蕴含的文化内涵。结论研究结果既有助于凸显家具中的文化元素,加深对明式家具的认知,又能够为新中式家具的设计创新提供重要参考。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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