新的Jensen-Schur测度在医学图像配准中的应用

针对传统的互信息和归一化互信息运算时间长、收敛性能和抗噪声能力差的缺点,提出了一种新的医学图像配准测度,Jensen-Schur测度.从理论上分析了该测度可用于图像配准的性质,并构造了三类Jensen-Schur测度:Jensen-Schur-alpha、Jensen-Rényi-alpha、JenserrSchur-w测度.通过对人体脑部MR/CI"和MR/PET图像的刚体配准实验,从运算时间、收敛性能、抗噪鲁棒性方面,对这三类测度、互信息和归一化互信息进行了比较和分析.实验结果表明,Jensen-Schur-alpha(alpha=2或3)和Jensen-Schur-w测度的收敛性能优于其它测度,运算速度快于其它测度,对噪声有很强的鲁棒性.最后用Jensen-Sehur-alpha(alpha=2)测度进行多模态医学图像的配准实验,结果表明效果良好.     

融合确定性信息和随机信息的插值方法研究

为了提高医学图像配准过程中的测度曲线光滑性和运算速度,本文利用图像的灰度概率分布作为确定性信息,同时利用非整数网格位置处的灰度随机性信息,定义了融合确定性信息和随机性信息的置信区域(DSCR);结合最近邻域插值法,提出了基于DSCR的最近邻域插值法(DSCRNN)。使用DSCRNN插值方法得到测度在整数平移位置处的值是准确无误差的。通过医学图像之间的刚体配准实验,从函数曲线、运算时间、抗噪鲁棒性和收敛性能方面对比分析了8种插值方法,结果表明,相对其它插值方法,DSCRNN插值方法在不牺牲插值速度的前提条件下可以提高归一化互信息(NMI)测度的收敛性能和抗噪声能力。     

医学图像配准中的数据抽样方法研究

针对在基于灰度的医学图像配准中,传统数据抽样方法在过抽样时产生较多的局部极值点问题,提出了基于浮动图像灰度概率分布和其梯度信息的抽样方法.通过对人体脑部的刚体配准实验,从函数曲线和收敛性能方面,对比分析了五种数据抽样方法.实验结果表明,新抽样方法可以有效地减少局部极值点,提高归一化互信息测度的收敛性能.     

医学图像配准中的改进型Iα信息测度研究

针对互信息测度在配准医学图像时存在速度慢和有时误匹配的缺点,提出了2种改进型Iα信息测度:FNIα信息和SNLα信息.通过人体脑部CT/MR和MR/PET图像的刚体配准实验,从函数曲线、计算时间和收性能对V信息、互信息、Iα信息、FNIα和SNIα信息进行了比较与分析.实验结果表明,FNIα信息测度的收敛性能远优于其它测度,对噪声有很强的鲁棒性;SNIα信息在计算速度方面较互信息有一定程度的提高.     

医学图像配准中的改进型Ⅰα信息测度研究

针对互信息测度在配准医学图像时存在速度慢和有时误匹配的缺点，提出了2种改进型Ⅰα信息测度：FNⅠα信息和SNⅠα信息。通过人体脑部CT／MR和MR／PET图像的刚体配准实验，从函数曲线、计算时间和收性能对Ⅴ信息、互信息、Ⅰα信息、FNL和SNⅠα信息进行了比较与分析。实验结果表明，FNL信息测度的收敛性能远优于其它测度，对噪声有很强的鲁棒性；SNⅠα信息在计算速度方面较互信息有一定程度的提高。     

基于IPSO和综合信息的医学图像配准新方法

针对医学图像配准中采用互信息作为配准相似度函数存在配准精度不高和收敛速度慢等问题,根据图像灰度和空间结构信息,构造了一种新的基于互信息和改进型形态学梯度算子的信息配准测度函数,采用一种适用于医学图像自动配准的改进型粒子群优化(IPSO)算法,给出了一种新的基于IPSO的医学图像配准算法。实验结果表明,该配准算法稳定性好、收敛速度快,在多模态医学图像自动配准中是可行的。     

基于对齐度和互信息的红外与可见光图像配准

针对红外与可见光图像的特点,在此提出了一种结合边缘对齐度与互信息的图像配准方法。首先通过小波变换边缘检测得到红外与可见光图像的边缘图像,并将对齐度和归一化互信息自适应加权平均得到新的相似性测度函数,最终通过计算相似性测度函数的极值求得待配准图像间的变换参数。实验结果表明,该方法可减少配准所需的时间,具有更高的精确性和鲁棒性。     

基于直方图散度和小波分解的图像配准算法

针对基于互信息的图像配准方法运行时间长、抗噪声差的问题,提出了一种基于新的相似性测度的图像配准算法,在分析两幅图像的联合直方图点集分布情况的基础上,定义了直方图点集的散度公式,并将其作为相似性测度.为加速参数的搜索过程,配准是在小波域内进行的,并使用遗传算法与Powell算法相结合的方法来优化参数.实验证明,相对于基于互信息的图像配准算法,本算法参数优化方法选择可以更灵活,时间消耗更少,噪声鲁棒性更优.     

基于改进Hausdorff测度的医学图像配准算法

 本文针对在医学图像配准中采用Hausdorff(HD)测度算法时存在精度和计算量之间的矛盾,提出了HD测度的改进算法,在HD测度算法中首次引入非线性的Bayesian一致性函数,以达到提高配准精度和抗噪声性能的目的.实验表明,该方法有效地解决了采用传统HD距离测度算法时,因出格点和噪声点引起的误配问题,获得了较好的配准效果.     

一种改进的基于互信息的自动图像配准算法

提出了改进图像配准的基于互信息的算法,首先将参考图像和待配准图像分解到小波域并二值化,以归一化互信息作为相似性测度进行配准.配准参数搜索作用SPSA算法和鲍威尔算法相结合的优化策略.实验证明本算法可以快速、精确且不需要人工干预地实现两幅图像的配准.     

Image registration by maximization of combined mutual information and gradient information

Mutual information has developed into an accurate measure for rigid and affine monomodality and multimodality image registration. The robustness of the measure is questionable, however. A possible reason for this is the absence of spatial information in the measure. The present paper proposes to include spatial information by combining mutual information with a term based on the image gradient of the images to be registered. The gradient term not only seeks to align locations of high gradient magnitude, but also aims for a similar orientation of the gradients at these locations. Results of combining both standard mutual information as well as a normalized measure are presented for rigid registration of three-dimensional clinical images [magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET)]. The results indicate that the combined measures yield a better registration function does mutual information or normalized mutual information per se. The registration functions are less sensitive to low sampling resolution, do not contain incorrect global maxima that are sometimes found in the mutual information function, and interpolation-induced local minima can be reduced. These characteristics yield the promise of more robust registration measures. The accuracy of the combined measures is similar to that of mutual information-based methods.     

采用改进梯度互信息和粒子群优化算法的红外与可见光图像配准算法

针对传统互信息图像配准容易产生局部极值,以及传统梯度互信息配准方法计算量大等问题,在互信息和梯度方法基础上构建了一种改进的梯度互信息方法,该方法直接统计梯度图像的互信息,有效地将图像梯度信息和灰度信息结合起来,不仅保证了配准精度,而且较传统梯度互信息方法减少了计算量。在参量优化的过程中,针对传统粒子群优化算法易陷入局部极值的缺点,提出了改进的粒子群优化算法,该算法在传统粒子群优化算法基础上引入混沌优化思想和遗传算法中的杂交思想,不仅能够有效抑制局部极值,而且加快了收敛速度。多种红外与可见光图像配准实验结果证明,文中提出的算法能够有效提高配准精度和速度。     

F-information measures in medical image registration

A measure for registration of medical images that currently draws much attention is mutual information. The measure originates from information theory, but has been shown to be successful for image registration as well. Information theory, however, offers many more measures that may be suitable for image registration. These all measure the divergence of the joint distribution of the images' grey values from the joint distribution that would have been found had the images been completely independent. This paper compares the performance of mutual information as a registration measure with that of other F-information measures. The measures are applied to rigid registration of positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) and MR/computed tomography (CT) images, for 35 and 41 image pairs, respectively. An accurate gold standard transformation is available for the images, based on implanted markers. The registration performance, robustness and accuracy of the measures are studied. Some of the measures are shown to perform poorly on all aspects. The majority of measures produces results similar to those of mutual information. An important finding, however, is that several measures, although slightly more difficult to optimize, can potentially yield significantly more accurate results than mutual information.     

基于互信息和梯度的红外与可见光图像配准新方法

红外与可见光图像配准是常见的多传感器图像配准,在军事、遥感等领域有着广泛的应用。提出了一种基于互信息和图像梯度的红外与可见光图像的自动配准方法：首先,获得图像的梯度信息,然后根据定义的扩展结构获得边缘区域图像,选择最大归一化互信息作为相似性测度,使用Powell算法获得最佳配准参数。实验结果证明,本文方法较传统的基于互信息和梯度的配准方法,提高了配准的速度和精度,可以作为一种有效的粗配准的方法。     

蚁群算法和Powell法结合的多分辨率三维图像配准

基于互信息的配准方法具有精度高,鲁棒性强的特点,成为近年来图像配准研究的热点.但基于互信息的目标函数存在许多局部极值,为配准的优化过程带来了很大的困难.该文提出了一种蚁群算法和Powell法相结合的多分辨率搜索优化算法.该算法以互信息作为相似性测度,采用基于小波变换的多分辨率策略,将蚁群算法与Powell法结合起来对三维的CT,MR图像进行了配准.实验结果表明,这种方法能够有效地克服互信息函数的局部极值,大大地提高了配准精度,达到亚像素级.     

Adaptive Grid Generation Based Non-rigid Image Registration using Mutual Information for Breast MRI

In this paper a new approach for non-rigid image registration using mutual information is introduced. A fast parametric method for non-rigid registration is developed by adjusting divergence and curl of an intermediate vector field from which the deformation field is computed using finite-central difference method. Mutual information is newly employed as the similarity measure in the gradient-based cost minimization (or mutual information maximization) of the existing registration framework. The huge amount of data associated with MRI is handled by a fully automated multi-resolution scheme. The adaptive grid system naturally distributes more grids to deprived areas. The positive monitor function disallows grid folding and provides a mean to control the ratio of the areas between the original and transformed domain. The flexibility of the adaptive grid allocation could dramatically reduce processing time with quality preserved. Mutual information facilitates robust registration between different image modalities. Different types of joint histogram estimation are compared and integrated with the system. This scheme is applied on dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI, which requires the registration algorithm to be non-rigid, contrast-enhanced features preserving. Preliminary experiments show promising results and great potential for future extension.     

基于互信息的紫外成像仪中图像配准研究

紫外成像仪为实现放电点定位和电气设备故障诊断,需要对来自不同传感器的紫外与可见光图像进行配准。针对紫外与可见光图像成像原理差异较大,特征点提取及匹配困难的问题,文章提出一种基于互信息的紫外与可见光图像配准算法并将其应用到紫外成像仪中完成实时配准。首先计算紫外与可见光图像中的互信息,将互信息作为相似性测度,采用刚体变换模型对图像进行变换,然后通过1+1进化算法求取最优相似性测度时的空间变换参数而完成图像配准,并通过仿真和紫外成像仪样机验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于边缘和互信息的红外与可见光图像配准

采用一种结合边缘特征和互信息的图像配准方法,对红外与可见光图像进行配准。首先,用小波变换提取图像边缘,然后计算两幅边缘图像在不同条件（平移、旋转）下的归一化互信息,取归一化互信息最大时对应的配准参数为所需配准参数,再确定刚性仿射变换模型的参数,最后经过缩放、平移和旋转得到最终配准图像。