室内定位技术及应用综述

室内定位技术作为当前的研究热点,对军事、经济以及人们的日常生活产生了深远的影响。文中首先介绍了室内定位技术的应用背景以及发展方向,以及室内环境进行定位面临的主要难点。然后介绍了目前主要的定位算法,包括邻近信息、场景分析和几何定位算法,以及各种算法衍生出来的各种定位技术。最后指出了室内定位技术亟待解决的问题,以及下一步进行相关研究的突破口。     

室内定位技术应用、研究现状及展望

通过对室内定位技术的典型应用场景进行介绍,归纳总结了现有室内定位技术的基本原理和实施方案,并对未来室内通信技术可能的研究热点进行了展望。     

PnP算法在室内定位中的应用

基于视觉的定位技术是近年来室内定位研究领域的热点之一,有着广泛的应用前景。针对基于视觉的定位算法中存在的定位结果稳定性不高、易受噪声干扰等问题,对国内外现有方法进行总结分析,提出一种结合空间参考点不确定性的相机位姿估计算法。采用模拟数据和真实数据分别进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法具有精度高、稳定性好等优点,平均误差在0.08 m,70%的点定位误差小于0.1 m,90%的点定位误差小于0.2 m,最大定位误差为0.3 m,达到室内定位精度的标准。     

基于伪卫星的室内定位算法研究

室内定位是当前定位导航领域的热点课题,对导航领域有重要的补充作用。伪卫星技术已日渐成熟,从伪卫星出发研究室内定位技术,解决室内定位难题,开展伪卫星室内定位算法研究,主要从观测量提取和定位解算两方面进行问题分析,提出遍历定位算法及改进方案,分析其理论可行性,并对其进行改进以适应工程实现需求,结合实践给出试验数据,验证室内定位效果。     

基于位置指纹的室内定位技术

近年来,随着物联网逐渐成为世界信息产业发展的热点,室内智慧化建设的技术要求越来越高,而位置信息在室内环境中具有广泛的应用场景.基于此,综述现有的室内定位技术与方法,从成本、部署难易程度、后期推广方面综合分析,总结出基于位置指纹的室内定位方法的优势;主要研究并实现了一种基于位置指纹的室内多模定位方法,该方法是一种低成本、高精度的室内定位解决方案;最后提出一种基于平面区域非均匀量化的定位栅格划分方法,基于提出的技术方案,室内定位能够在定位精度和运维成本两方面取得平衡.     

位置指纹室内无源定位技术

随着手机的普及,室内定位成为研究的热点。在反窃听或者地震、火灾的救援中,需要定位设备对目标设备进行无源定位。而由于室内复杂的电磁环境,多数无源定位算法定位误差较大。根据接收的信号强度指示（RSSI）设备和位置指纹定位的优点,采用虚拟坐标与实际坐标映射的方式,实现了位置指纹的室内无源定位技术。该技术具有较高的定位准确度和精确度,并且可以用户依据对定位精度高低来建立数据库。     

基于Wi-Fi室内定位技术远程获取房型图的解决方案

随着无线定位技术的飞速发展,人们对室内定位需求的增长,室内环境的定位技术成为近年来的研究热点。基于Wi-Fi(无线连接)的室内定位技术是实现低成本、低复杂度室内定位的首选。介绍目前几种主要的基于Wi-Fi的室内定位技术,在已经实现的0.5 m的Wi-Fi定位精度的基础上,研发一套远程获取用户家庭房型图的解决方案。     

激光雷达室内定位技术研究及应用综述

室内定位技术伴随机器人等在室内环境下自主作业的需要已成为热门研究领域，室内定位效果依赖其使用的传感器以及相关算法。为探索激光雷达在室内定位过程中的技术发展及相关应用，通过文献调研对基于激光雷达的室内定位原理，激光雷达产品，激光雷达室内定位技术发展展开分析。结合当下激光雷达室内定位技术的部分应用场景探索激光雷达现阶段实际应用中的不足，并提供了部分切合实际的技术解决方案。最后对基于激光雷达的室内定位技术进行了总结及展望，为后续该领域的研究提供一些可行思路。     

基于指纹算法的无线室内定位技术

随着人们对基于位置的服务（LBS）需求日益增大,室内定位逐渐成为用户定位领域的研究热点,而指纹定位因具有定位精度高、普适性强和无需额外设备等优点而受到大多数研究者的青睐。首先详细综述了各种主流室内位置指纹定位技术的定位原理,然后归纳了现有的室内定位算法的原理及发展现状,最后搭建楼宇通道的测试场景,对各种典型室内定位算法进行测试验证和比较分析,为室内定位技术的研究与应用人员提供参考。     

基于像素距离加权的室内成像定位研究

针对室内成像定位技术受随机噪声的影响较大、定位误差较高的问题,提出了一种基于像素距离加权的室内成像定位技术。在室内屋顶布设多个红外LED,依靠成像传感器获得红外LED信标的像点,将成像点到成像传感器中心的像素距离作为加权因子引入室内成像定位算法中,可以有效地提高室内定位精度。并进行了仿真实验,实验选择4m×4m×3m的空间区域模拟室内环境,当布设的红外LED信标数量为3时,应用改进后的算法可以获得10cm以内的定位误差性能,并且误差波动不超过5cm。另外,随着布设信标数量的增加,定位误差继续减小。改进后的定位算法有效地提高了室内定位的精度以及成像定位算法的普适性。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.