酞菁铜缓冲层对有机太阳能电池开路电压的影响（英文）

用p型有机半导体材料酞菁铜作为阴极缓冲层制作了器件结构为氧化铟锡/酞菁锌/碳六十/酞菁铜/铝的有机小分子太阳能电池,对器件进行电学测量发现酞菁铜缓冲层的厚度对器件的开路电压有明显影响.基于半导体器件物理分析了光照下测量得到的电流-电压曲线,由拟合结果得到的器件参数表明高理想因子导致了器件开路电压升高,其原因为器件的输运特性不只受酞菁锌与碳六十形成的p-n结影响,还与酞菁铜缓冲层与铝电极形成的肖特基接触有关.研究表明在有机太阳能电池器件中引入一个合适的缓冲层/阴极肖特基结可以提高器件的开路电压.     

MoO3对有机太阳能电池性能影响的研究

采用MoO3作为阳极缓冲层,制备了结构为ITO/MoO3/P3HT/C60/Bphen/Ag的有机太阳能电池器件,研究了MoO3薄膜厚度对器件性能的影响。采用常用的等效电路模型,仿真计算得到MoO3缓冲层对器件串联电阻的影响。此外,测试了器件的吸收光谱,研究了MoO3缓冲层对器件光子吸收的作用。结果表明,在MoO3厚度为1 nm时,器件的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子都得到了提高。MoO3可以改善电极和有机层的界面接触性能,能够有效降低器件的串联电阻,提高载流子的传输和收集效率;同时,MoO3缓冲层透过率高,不会对器件的光吸收效率造成影响。     

Bathocuproine作为缓冲层改善Rubrene/C70太阳能电池的性能

制备了结构为ITO/Rubrene/C70/BCP/Al的双层有机太阳能电池(OSCs),通过优化缓冲层BCP的厚度研究了BCP对OSCs性能的影响及其作用机理。实验发现,BCP厚为6nm时,器件的效率最高达到1.78%,同时获得了较大的开路电压0.901V。相对于没有缓冲层,器件的效率、短路电流、开路电压和填充因子分别提高了432.9%、74.8%、95.4%和55.5%。     

基于MoO3和Re-Bphen修饰有机太阳能电池性能的研究

有机太阳能电池(OSCs)的性能与材料及器件结构密切相关。以MoO3为阳极缓冲层,有机金属配合物Re-Bphen为阴极缓冲层,制备了结构为ITO/MoO3/CuPc/C60/Re-Bphen/Al的OSCs。在标准太阳光照条件下,当MoO3和Re-Bphen的厚分别为5nm和8nm时实现了器件的最佳性能,能量转换效率(PCE)和器件寿命均显著提高。结合器件结构,分析了工作机制。     

正置倒置异质结有机小分子太阳能电池

以MoO3为阳极修饰层,以Rubrene/C60为活性层,制备了正置和倒置异质结有机小分子太阳能电池。实验结果表明倒置器件的开路电压Voc、短路电流密度Jsc、填充因子FF和功率转换效率η比正置结构的器件分别提高了34%、20%、25%和102%。当插入BCP阴极缓冲层后,阻挡了热的Al原子对C60层的破坏,对倒置器件的性能没有明显的影响,但却显著改善了正置器件的性能,并分析了MoO3和BCP对倒置和正置器件的作用。     

聚乙二醇阴极修饰层改善聚合物太阳能电池光电性能的研究

通过将聚乙二醇(PEG)掺入活性层制备聚合物太阳 能电池,利用PEG的迁移特性获得阴极修饰层,研 究PEG阴极修饰层对聚合物太阳能电池光电性能的影响。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分 析表明,掺入活性层中的 PEG迁移到活性层与Al电极之间,形成了阴极缓冲层。吸收光谱、电流密度-电压 特性曲线和外量子 效率谱的分析表明,PEG阴极缓冲层的形成改善了活性层与阴极的界面接触特性, 降低了活性层与电 极之间的能级势垒,有利于载流子传输,因此显著地改善了聚合物太阳能电池的光电性能, 使得器件的开 路电压Voc、短路电流密度Jsc和填充因子(FF)都有明显提高。当P3HT:PCBM 活性层中掺入体积比为0.5%的PEG时,聚合物太阳能电池的能量转换 效率(P CE)最高,达到了3.07%,比未掺杂PEG的参考器件提 高了38.5%。     

Bphen/Ag/Bphen复合缓冲层对有机太阳电池性能的影响

采用Bphen/Ag/Bphen作为阴极缓冲层,制备了基于CuPc/C60的有机太阳电池,研究了在有机薄膜中加入金属超薄层对器件性能的影响。结果表明,在Bphen缓冲层中加入1 nm的Ag时,器件的电子注入和传输都得到了提高。采用常用的等效电路模型,计算了缓冲层对器件性能参数的影响。发现Bphen/Ag/Bphen可以改善有机层和电极的界面接触性能,降低器件的串联电阻。此外,测试了器件的吸收光谱,研究了复合缓冲层对器件光子吸收的作用,发现加入Ag薄层后提高了器件的光吸收能力。     

Bphen作为缓冲层对有机太阳能电池的光电性能影响

选用CuPc(酞菁酮)为供电子的材料,使用Bphen(4,7-二苯基-1,10-邻二氮杂菲)为缓冲层的材料,研究了结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CuPc(20 nm)/C60(40 nm)/Bphen(x)/Ag(100 nm)的有机太阳能电池(OSC).考察OSC性能与缓冲层Bphen厚度之间的关系,优化器件的结构.在标准太阳光照条件下(AM1.5)测量器件的Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性,结果显示,太阳电池的能量转换效率与缓冲层厚度密切相关.采用高真空蒸发的方法,制作了结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CuPc(20 nm)/C60(40 nm)/Bphen(x)/Ag(100 nm)的器件,器件效率随着Bphen厚度的增加先增大后变小,当厚度为0 nm时,效率为0.85%;当厚度为2.5 nm时,效率为1.22%;而当厚度为5 nm时,效率为1.69%;当厚度为7.5 nm时,效率则为0.79%,当厚度为10 nm时,效率则为0%.     

有机缓冲层(Alq3和PBD)和无机缓冲层(TiO2)对OLEDs的不同影响

制备了三种不同缓冲层材料(TiO2、Alq3和PBD)修饰ITO的有机电致发光器件,同没有缓冲层修饰的器件相比,亮度和效率都有很大改善.同时通过比较有缓冲层修饰的三个器件的启亮电压和器件的效率,发现TiO2材料修饰的器件的启亮电压最低(为4 V),效率最高,在电流密度为120 mA/cm2情况下电流效率为5 cd/A;Alq3修饰的器件启亮电压次之(为5V),在相同电流密度下电流效率为4.5 cd/A;PBD材料修饰的器件启亮电压最高(为6 V),相同电流密度下电流效率为3 cd/A.因为ITO表面不平整,缓冲层的修饰使ITO表面得到了改善,由于TiO2的最优化厚度比Alq3和PBD的最优化厚度大,所以对于ITO表面的平整作用也就相应的要强.同时,空穴在有机材料和无机材料中的传输过程是不一样的,有机分子间的电荷移动靠的是分子离化,而无机材料中电荷的转移主要靠的是带传导.而且三种材料HOMO能级也不一样,TiO2材料的HOMO能级(7.2 eV)最高.因此,三个材料中TiO2对于空穴的阻挡作用最大,通过隧穿作用穿过缓冲层材料PBD的空穴数就小于缓冲层材料Alq3和PBD,TiO2修饰的器件的载流子的平衡程度就高于Alq3和PBD修饰的器件,从而效率也相应的高于Alq3和PBD修饰的器件.     

栅缓冲层对4H碳化硅肖特基势垒场效应晶体管性能的影响

通过在栅极和沟道层间插入一层低掺杂的缓冲层研究了其对肖特基势垒场效应晶体管性能的影响。通过求解一维和二维泊松方程,得到了电流和小信号参数与缓冲层厚度和浓度的依赖关系。当缓冲层厚度为0.15μm时,计算了器件的直流和交流特性;同时仿真了器件的击穿特性。结果表明,电流随缓冲层厚度增加;击穿电压由125V增加到160V;截止频率由20GHz增加到27GHz。     

Fluorinated Zinc Phthalocyanine as Donor for Efficient Vacuum‐Deposited Organic Solar Cells

Efficient single bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on blends of a fluorinated zinc phthalocyanine as electron donor and fullerene C₆₀ as electron acceptor are reported. In comparison to the commonly used absorber zinc phthalocyanine, the fluorination of the molecule to F₄ZnPc leads to an increase in ionisation potential and subsequently to an improvement of about 170 mV in the open circuit voltage of organic solar cells, while the short circuit current density and fill factor remain nearly unchanged. Similar to ZnPc:C₆₀‐based devices, the device characteristics of F₄ZnPc:C₆₀ solar cells can be further enhanced by improving the blend layer morphology by substrate heating during deposition. F₄ZnPc is an efficient donor material that can achieve a 4.6% power conversion efficiency in single heterojunction organic solar cells.     

Correlation between energy level alignment and device performance in planar heterojunction organic photovoltaics

Information on the interfacial electronic structure in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is essential for fully understanding features of device operation such as the photocurrent generation and relative energy band offsets at the donor/acceptor interface, which directly affect the open circuit voltage (V_oc). Kelvin probe (KP) measurements fully reveal the energy level alignment in a prototype OPV with a copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/fullerene (C₆₀) planar heterojunction. Energy level pinning at the CuPc/C₆₀ junction fixes the energy band offsets of C₆₀. A downward energy shift of about 0.9 eV appears at the C₆₀/bathocuproine junction, which may act as a hole-blocking barrier. A combination of KP and current density–voltage measurements indicates that photocurrent generation depends strongly on the magnitude of the upward energy shift at the CuPc/C₆₀ junction. The dependence of V_oc on the substrate work function is also discussed in terms of the energy level alignment at indium tin oxide/CuPc/C₆₀ junctions.     

基于CuPc…C60的混合层异质结光伏器件性能研究

制备了基于CuPc…C60混合层异质结有机光伏器件,将其与CuPc-C60双层结构光伏器件进行对比研究。结果表明混合层结构器件性能得到改善,其开路电压、短路电流密度、填充因子和光电转换效率都有提高,分别从CuPc-C60双层结构器件的0.39V、1.92mA/cm2、0.36%、0.48依次提高到CuPc…C60混合层结构器件的0.48V、2.21mA/cm2、0.54%、0.51。根据整数电荷转移模型来分析光伏器件D/A界面及有机材料-ITO衬底界面特性,认为混合层异质结有机光伏器件给体材料HOMO与受体材料LUMO的能级差增加使得器件开路电压提高。混合层异质结有机光伏器件D/A界面面积增加和给体材料HOMO与受体材料LUMO的能级差增加都提高了激子的分离效率,所以器件的短路电流密度增加。     

Ultraviolet-illuminated fluoropolymer indium–tin-oxide buffer layers for improved power conversion in organic photovoltaics

We demonstrate that the charge carrier extraction in double heterojunction organic photovoltaic(OPV) devices can be enhanced by inserting an UV-illuminated fluoropolymer polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) layer between indium–tin-oxide and the thermal evaporated copper–phthalocyanine(CuPc)/buckyball(C₆₀) organic active layers. In this work, we show that the anode work function influences the photocarrier collection characteristics, where the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage increase from 1.6 to 4.8 mA/cm² and 0.41 to 0.48 V, respectively after the buffer layer insertion associated primary with the barrier decrease in the ITO/CuPc interface. This result shows the potential of UV-illuminated PTFE as a low-cost stable buffer layer for OPV devices.     

The Effect of Gradual Fluorination on the Properties of FnZnPc Thin Films and FnZnPc/C60 Bilayer Photovoltaic Cells

Motivated by the possibility of modifying energy levels of a molecule without substantially changing its band gap, the impact of gradual fluorination on the optical and structural properties of zinc phthalocyanine (F_nZnPc) thin films and the electronic characteristics of F_nZnPc/C₆₀ (n = 0, 4, 8, 16) bilayer cells is investigated. UV–vis measurements reveal similar Q‐ and B‐band absorption of F_nZnPc thin films with n = 0, 4, 8, whereas for F₁₆ZnPc a different absorption pattern is detected. A correlation between structure and electronic transport is deduced. For F₄ZnPc/C₆₀ cells, the enhanced long range order supports fill factors of 55% and an increase of the short circuit current density by 18%, compared to ZnPc/C₆₀. As a parameter being sensitive to the organic/organic interface energetics, the open circuit voltage is analyzed. An enhancement of this quantity by 27% and 50% is detected for F₄ZnPc‐ and F₈ZnPc‐based devices, respectively, and is attributed to an increase of the quasi‐Fermi level splitting at the donor/acceptor interface. In contrast, for F₁₆ZnPc/C₆₀ a decrease of the open circuit voltage is observed. Complementary photoelectron spectroscopy, external quantum efficiency, and photoluminescence measurements reveal a different working principle, which is ascribed to the particular energy level alignment at the interface of the photoactive materials.     

阴极修饰层对ZnPc/C60有机太阳能电池性能的影响

研究了ZnPc/C60有机小分子太阳能电池阴极界面的修饰,采用LiF、Alq3和ZnPc作为修饰材料,分析不同修饰材料对器件性能和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,引入适当厚度的修饰层不仅可以提高器件的性能,而且可以提高器件的稳定性。不同修饰材料表现出了不同的优势,用LiF修饰的器件填充因子提高了44%,Alq3修饰的器件转换效率提高了5倍,ZnPc修饰的器件开路电压最高并表现出良好的稳定性。最后,对相关机理进行了讨论。     

Interfacial dipole in organic p–n junction to realize write-once–read-many-times memory

A new approach is exploited to realize nonvolatile organic write-once–read-many-times (WORM) memory based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/hexadecafluoro-copper-phthalocyanine (F₁₆CuPc) p–n junction. The as-fabricated device is found to be at its ON state and can be programmed irreversibly to the OFF state by applying a negative bias. The WORM device exhibits a high ON/OFF current ratio of up to 2.6 × 10⁴. An interfacial dipole layer is testified to be formed and destructed at the p–n junction interface for the ON and OFF states, respectively. The ON state at positive voltage region is attributed to the efficient hole and electron injection from the respective electrodes and then recombination at the CuPc/F₁₆CuPc interface, and the transition of the device to the OFF state results from the destruction of the interfacial dipole layer and formation of an insulating layer which restricts charge carrier recombination at the interface.